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== Article Draft ==
== Article Draft ==
In 2015, as they passed “Ordinance for Promoting Respect of Gender Equality and Diversity in the Ward<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Shimizu|first=Yudai|date=2015|title=Shibuya Wardʼs “Same-sex Partnership Ordinance”|url=http://web.icu.ac.jp/cgs_e/docs/NL018.pdf|journal=CGS Newsletter|volume=18|pages=5|via=}}</ref>,” Shibuya Ward became the first municipality that issues same-sex partnership certificates<ref name=":1" />. According to this ordinance, same-sex couples who live in Shibuya are allowed “to rent apartments together, and have gained hospital visitation rights as family members<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/05/same-sex-couples-japan-partnership-certificates|title=Same-sex couple receives Japan's first 'partnership' certificate|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=2015-11-05|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-04-16}}</ref>. Shimizu (2015) also expects the ordinance to bring three benefits to same-sex couples: "(1) rental housing within the ward (co-signing of tenancy agreements for municipal/public housing), (2) medical institutions within the ward (hospital visitation and medical decision-making rights as family members), and (3) employment conditions within the ward (e.g. family benefits, congratulations and condolence leave)" <ref name=":0" />. In order to apply for the certificate, couples must be 20-years-old or older residents of Shibuya Ward and have to state that "their relationship is based on love and mutual trust" in a notarized document"<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/11/05/national/social-issues/shibuya-set-issue-first-certificates-recognizing-sex-couples/|title=Tokyo’s Shibuya and Setagaya wards issue first same-sex partnership papers|last=Murai|first=Shusuke|date=2015-11-05|work=The Japan Times Online|access-date=2018-04-18|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763}}</ref>. The first certificated couple was a couple of lesbians, Koyuki Higashi, a former member of the Takarazuka Revue, and Hiroko Masuhara, an entrepreneur<ref name=":2" />. Since Shibuya Ward passed the ordinance, it has been spread nationally, and other seven municipalities issue same-sex pertnership certificates today<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://digital.asahi.com/articles/ASL3G2TR4L3GTNAB002.html?rm=353|title=宮崎）宮大の学生　同性パートナーシップ条例案提出：朝日新聞デジタル|last=Koide|first=Daiki|date=2018-03-15|work=朝日新聞デジタル|access-date=2018-04-16|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=ja-JP}}</ref>.
In 2015, as they passed “Ordinance for Promoting Respect of Gender Equality and Diversity in the Ward<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Shimizu|first=Yudai|date=2015|title=Shibuya Wardʼs “Same-sex Partnership Ordinance”|url=http://web.icu.ac.jp/cgs_e/docs/NL018.pdf|journal=CGS Newsletter|volume=18|pages=5|via=}}</ref>,” Shibuya Ward became the first municipality that issues same-sex partnership certificates<ref name=":1" />. According to this ordinance, same-sex couples who live in Shibuya are allowed “to rent apartments together, and have gained hospital visitation rights as family members<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/05/same-sex-couples-japan-partnership-certificates|title=Same-sex couple receives Japan's first 'partnership' certificate|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=2015-11-05|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-04-16}}</ref>. Shimizu (2015) also expects the ordinance to bring three benefits to same-sex couples: "(1) rental housing within the ward (co-signing of tenancy agreements for municipal/public housing), (2) medical institutions within the ward (hospital visitation and medical decision-making rights as family members), and (3) employment conditions within the ward (e.g. family benefits, congratulations and condolence leave)" <ref name=":0" />. In order to apply for the certificate, couples must be 20-years-old or older residents of Shibuya Ward and have to state that "their relationship is based on love and mutual trust" in a notarized document"<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/11/05/national/social-issues/shibuya-set-issue-first-certificates-recognizing-sex-couples/|title=Tokyo’s Shibuya and Setagaya wards issue first same-sex partnership papers|last=Murai|first=Shusuke|date=2015-11-05|work=The Japan Times Online|access-date=2018-04-18|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763}}</ref>. The first certificated couple was a couple of lesbians, Koyuki Higashi, a former member of the Takarazuka Revue, and Hiroko Masuhara, an entrepreneur<ref name=":2" />. Since Shibuya Ward passed the ordinance, it has been spread nationally, and other seven municipalities issue same-sex pertnership certificates today<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://digital.asahi.com/articles/ASL3G2TR4L3GTNAB002.html?rm=353|title=宮崎）宮大の学生　同性パートナーシップ条例案提出：朝日新聞デジタル|last=Koide|first=Daiki|date=2018-03-15|work=朝日新聞デジタル|access-date=2018-04-16|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=ja-JP}}</ref>.


However, a BBC's reporter points out it has little legal binding force, saying "the ordinance amounts to a moral obligation on Shibuya businesses, which will not be penalised if they do not recognise the certificate" though their names will be posted on the ward's website if they violate the ordinance<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32130599|title=Tokyo ward certifies 'gay marriage'|date=2015-03-31|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-04-16|language=en-GB}}</ref>. Also, Shimizu (2015) discusses that this system "is not equivalent to marriage, as it does not accord same-sex couples the same rights as heterosexual couples when it comes to inheritance, joint filing of taxes, or social welfare"<ref name=":0" />. Additionally, as it requires at least a hundred thousand yen to apply for the certificate, some couples actually hesitate to apply for the certificates because of its expensive fees<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/nonsec/social/510181/|title=渋谷区の同性婚条例に疑問の声　「費用10万円」申請しないカップルも|last=|first=|date=2016-02-25|work=東スポＷeb - 東京スポーツ新聞社|access-date=2018-04-16|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=ja}}</ref>. Furthermore, Shimizu (2015) argues that Shibuya Ward has been criticized for [[Pinkwashing (LGBT)|pinkwashing]] as “while passing this ordinance, the administration also moved to expel the homeless in Miyashita Park and other parks in the ward"<ref name=":0" />. Pointing out that the mayor of Shibuya Ward in an interview stated that this is not a matter of human rights, but of diversity, Yuri Horie claimed that the term of diversity seems to be used to divide citizens into the good and the bad; it raises only the ones who contribute to the consumeristic society as representer of “diversity of sexuality” while excluding the useless ones<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.christiantoday.co.jp/articles/20933/20160518/anglican-episcopal-church-in-japan-homosexuality.htm|title=「レズビアン」という生き方 キリスト教のなかで「性」や「愛」を考える　大阪聖パウロ教会で講演会（１）|last=Domon|first=Minoru|date=2016-05-18|work=クリスチャントゥデイ|access-date=2018-04-16|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=ja}}</ref>. Yuki Tsuchiya, a lesbian activist, also argues that LGBT individuals are used to promote the Ward<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/nonsec/social/382239/|title=渋谷区「同性婚条例」にダメ出し　当事者から出てきた冷ややかな声|last=|first=|date=2015-03-28|work=東スポＷeb - 東京スポーツ新聞社|access-date=2018-04-19|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=ja}}</ref>.<references />
However, a BBC's reporter points out it has little legal binding force, saying "the ordinance amounts to a moral obligation on Shibuya businesses, which will not be penalised if they do not recognise the certificate" though their names will be posted on the ward's website if they violate the ordinance<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32130599|title=Tokyo ward certifies 'gay marriage'|date=2015-03-31|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-04-16|language=en-GB}}</ref>. Also, Shimizu (2015) discusses that this system "is not equivalent to marriage, as it does not accord same-sex couples the same rights as heterosexual couples when it comes to inheritance, joint filing of taxes, or social welfare"<ref name=":0" />. Additionally, as it requires at least a hundred thousand yen to apply for the certificate, some couples actually hesitate to apply for the certificates because of its expensive fees<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/nonsec/social/510181/|title=渋谷区の同性婚条例に疑問の声　「費用10万円」申請しないカップルも|last=|first=|date=2016-02-25|work=東スポＷeb - 東京スポーツ新聞社|access-date=2018-04-16|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=ja}}</ref>. Furthermore, Shimizu (2015) argues that Shibuya Ward has been criticized for [[Pinkwashing (LGBT)|pinkwashing]] as “while passing this ordinance, the administration also moved to expel the homeless in Miyashita Park and other parks in the ward"<ref name=":0" />. Pointing out that the mayor of Shibuya Ward in an interview stated that this is not a matter of human rights, but of diversity, Yuri Horie claimed that the term of diversity seems to be used to divide citizens into the good and the bad; it raises only the ones who contribute to the consumeristic society as representer of “diversity of sexuality” while excluding the useless ones<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=http://www.christiantoday.co.jp/articles/20933/20160518/anglican-episcopal-church-in-japan-homosexuality.htm|title=「レズビアン」という生き方 キリスト教のなかで「性」や「愛」を考える　大阪聖パウロ教会で講演会（１）|last=Domon|first=Minoru|date=2016-05-18|work=クリスチャントゥデイ|access-date=2018-04-16|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=ja}}</ref>. Yuki Tsuchiya, a lesbian activist, also argues that LGBT individuals are used to promote the Ward<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=https://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/nonsec/social/382239/|title=渋谷区「同性婚条例」にダメ出し　当事者から出てきた冷ややかな声|last=|first=|date=2015-03-28|work=東スポＷeb - 東京スポーツ新聞社|access-date=2018-04-19|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=ja}}</ref>.

== Revised Draft (Week 14) ==
In 2015, as the council passed “Ordinance for Promoting Respect of Gender Equality and Diversity in the Ward<ref name=":0" />,” Shibuya Ward became the first municipality that issues same-sex partnership certificates<ref name=":1" />. According to this ordinance, same-sex couples who live in Shibuya are allowed “to rent apartments together, and have gained hospital visitation rights as family members<ref name=":1" />. Shimizu expects the ordinance to bring three benefits to same-sex couples: "(1) rental housing within the ward (co-signing of tenancy agreements for municipal/public housing), (2) medical institutions within the ward (hospital visitation and medical decision-making rights as family members), and (3) employment conditions within the ward (e.g. family benefits, congratulations and condolence leave)" <ref name=":0" />. In order to apply for the certificate, couples must be 20-years-old or older residents of Shibuya Ward and have to state that "their relationship is based on love and mutual trust" in a notarized document"<ref name=":2" />. A lesbian couple, Koyuki Higashi (a former member of the Takarazuka Review) and Hiroko Masuhara (an entrepreneur) were the first to receive this certification<ref name=":2" />. Since the Shibuya Ward passed the ordinance, it has had a national impact with seven other municipalities offering same-sex partnership certificates<ref name=":3" />.

However, a BBC's reporter points out it has little legal binding force, saying "the ordinance amounts to a moral obligation on Shibuya businesses, which will not be penalised if they do not recognise the certificate" though their names will be posted on the ward's website if they violate the ordinance<ref name=":4" />. Also, Shimizu discusses that this system "is not equivalent to marriage, as it does not accord same-sex couples the same rights as heterosexual couples when it comes to inheritance, joint filing of taxes, or social welfare"<ref name=":0" />. Additionally, as it requires at least a hundred thousand yen to apply for the certificate, it can be restrictive to some couples<ref name=":5" />. Furthermore, Shimizu argues that Shibuya Ward has been criticized for [[Pinkwashing (LGBT)|pinkwashing]] as “while passing this ordinance, the administration also moved to expel the homeless in Miyashita Park and other parks in the ward"<ref name=":0" />. Pointing out that the mayor of Shibuya Ward in an interview stated that this is not a matter of human rights, but of diversity, Yuri Horie claimed that the term of diversity seems to be used to divide citizens into the good and the bad; it raises only the ones who contribute to the consumeristic society as representer of “diversity of sexuality” while excluding the useless ones<ref name=":6" />. Yuki Tsuchiya, a lesbian activist, also argues that LGBT individuals are used to promote the Ward<ref name=":7" />.<references />

Revision as of 04:36, 23 April 2018

Wiki assignment ideas

Week 12

I assigned myself the article "Homonationalism". I found the page does not have any examples of non-western societies, so I could add a paragraph about homonationalism in Japan. Also, I think I could add some general explanations on homonationalism.

Article Draft

In 2015, as they passed “Ordinance for Promoting Respect of Gender Equality and Diversity in the Ward[1],” Shibuya Ward became the first municipality that issues same-sex partnership certificates[2]. According to this ordinance, same-sex couples who live in Shibuya are allowed “to rent apartments together, and have gained hospital visitation rights as family members[2]. Shimizu (2015) also expects the ordinance to bring three benefits to same-sex couples: "(1) rental housing within the ward (co-signing of tenancy agreements for municipal/public housing), (2) medical institutions within the ward (hospital visitation and medical decision-making rights as family members), and (3) employment conditions within the ward (e.g. family benefits, congratulations and condolence leave)" [1]. In order to apply for the certificate, couples must be 20-years-old or older residents of Shibuya Ward and have to state that "their relationship is based on love and mutual trust" in a notarized document"[3]. The first certificated couple was a couple of lesbians, Koyuki Higashi, a former member of the Takarazuka Revue, and Hiroko Masuhara, an entrepreneur[3]. Since Shibuya Ward passed the ordinance, it has been spread nationally, and other seven municipalities issue same-sex pertnership certificates today[4].

However, a BBC's reporter points out it has little legal binding force, saying "the ordinance amounts to a moral obligation on Shibuya businesses, which will not be penalised if they do not recognise the certificate" though their names will be posted on the ward's website if they violate the ordinance[5]. Also, Shimizu (2015) discusses that this system "is not equivalent to marriage, as it does not accord same-sex couples the same rights as heterosexual couples when it comes to inheritance, joint filing of taxes, or social welfare"[1]. Additionally, as it requires at least a hundred thousand yen to apply for the certificate, some couples actually hesitate to apply for the certificates because of its expensive fees[6]. Furthermore, Shimizu (2015) argues that Shibuya Ward has been criticized for pinkwashing as “while passing this ordinance, the administration also moved to expel the homeless in Miyashita Park and other parks in the ward"[1]. Pointing out that the mayor of Shibuya Ward in an interview stated that this is not a matter of human rights, but of diversity, Yuri Horie claimed that the term of diversity seems to be used to divide citizens into the good and the bad; it raises only the ones who contribute to the consumeristic society as representer of “diversity of sexuality” while excluding the useless ones[7]. Yuki Tsuchiya, a lesbian activist, also argues that LGBT individuals are used to promote the Ward[8].

Revised Draft (Week 14)

In 2015, as the council passed “Ordinance for Promoting Respect of Gender Equality and Diversity in the Ward[1],” Shibuya Ward became the first municipality that issues same-sex partnership certificates[2]. According to this ordinance, same-sex couples who live in Shibuya are allowed “to rent apartments together, and have gained hospital visitation rights as family members[2]. Shimizu expects the ordinance to bring three benefits to same-sex couples: "(1) rental housing within the ward (co-signing of tenancy agreements for municipal/public housing), (2) medical institutions within the ward (hospital visitation and medical decision-making rights as family members), and (3) employment conditions within the ward (e.g. family benefits, congratulations and condolence leave)" [1]. In order to apply for the certificate, couples must be 20-years-old or older residents of Shibuya Ward and have to state that "their relationship is based on love and mutual trust" in a notarized document"[3]. A lesbian couple, Koyuki Higashi (a former member of the Takarazuka Review) and Hiroko Masuhara (an entrepreneur) were the first to receive this certification[3]. Since the Shibuya Ward passed the ordinance, it has had a national impact with seven other municipalities offering same-sex partnership certificates[4].

However, a BBC's reporter points out it has little legal binding force, saying "the ordinance amounts to a moral obligation on Shibuya businesses, which will not be penalised if they do not recognise the certificate" though their names will be posted on the ward's website if they violate the ordinance[5]. Also, Shimizu discusses that this system "is not equivalent to marriage, as it does not accord same-sex couples the same rights as heterosexual couples when it comes to inheritance, joint filing of taxes, or social welfare"[1]. Additionally, as it requires at least a hundred thousand yen to apply for the certificate, it can be restrictive to some couples[6]. Furthermore, Shimizu argues that Shibuya Ward has been criticized for pinkwashing as “while passing this ordinance, the administration also moved to expel the homeless in Miyashita Park and other parks in the ward"[1]. Pointing out that the mayor of Shibuya Ward in an interview stated that this is not a matter of human rights, but of diversity, Yuri Horie claimed that the term of diversity seems to be used to divide citizens into the good and the bad; it raises only the ones who contribute to the consumeristic society as representer of “diversity of sexuality” while excluding the useless ones[7]. Yuki Tsuchiya, a lesbian activist, also argues that LGBT individuals are used to promote the Ward[8].

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Shimizu, Yudai (2015). "Shibuya Wardʼs "Same-sex Partnership Ordinance"" (PDF). CGS Newsletter. 18: 5.
  2. ^ a b c d McCurry, Justin (2015-11-05). "Same-sex couple receives Japan's first 'partnership' certificate". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  3. ^ a b c d Murai, Shusuke (2015-11-05). "Tokyo's Shibuya and Setagaya wards issue first same-sex partnership papers". The Japan Times Online. ISSN 0447-5763. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
  4. ^ a b Koide, Daiki (2018-03-15). "宮崎）宮大の学生　同性パートナーシップ条例案提出：朝日新聞デジタル". 朝日新聞デジタル (in Japanese). Retrieved 2018-04-16. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  5. ^ a b "Tokyo ward certifies 'gay marriage'". BBC News. 2015-03-31. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  6. ^ a b "渋谷区の同性婚条例に疑問の声　「費用10万円」申請しないカップルも". 東スポＷeb - 東京スポーツ新聞社 (in Japanese). 2016-02-25. Retrieved 2018-04-16. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  7. ^ a b Domon, Minoru (2016-05-18). "「レズビアン」という生き方 キリスト教のなかで「性」や「愛」を考える　大阪聖パウロ教会で講演会（１）". クリスチャントゥデイ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2018-04-16. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  8. ^ a b "渋谷区「同性婚条例」にダメ出し　当事者から出てきた冷ややかな声". 東スポＷeb - 東京スポーツ新聞社 (in Japanese). 2015-03-28. Retrieved 2018-04-19. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
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