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{{distinguish|Maize}}
{{other uses}}
[[File:Longleat maze.jpg|thumb|300px|A [[hedge maze]] at [[Longleat]] stately home in [[England]]]]
{{Puzzles |Types}}

A '''maze''' is a path or collection of paths, typically from an entrance to a goal. The word is used to refer both to branching [[tour puzzle]]s through which the solver must find a route, and to simpler non-branching ("unicursal") patterns that lead unambiguously through a convoluted layout to a goal. (The term "[[labyrinth]]" is generally synonymous with "maze", but can also connote specifically a unicursal pattern.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hermann Kern |title=Through the labyrinth: designs and meanings over 5000 years |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pAFsQgAACAAJ |accessdate=18 June 2011 |year=2000 |publisher=Prestel |isbn=978-3-7913-2144-8 |page=23 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101055608/http://books.google.com/books?id=pAFsQgAACAAJ |archivedate=1 January 2014 |df= }}</ref>) The pathways and walls in a maze are typically fixed, but puzzles in which the walls and paths can change during the game are also categorised as mazes or tour puzzles.

==Maze construction==
[[File:Maze simple.svg|thumb|A small maze with one entrance and one exit]]
Mazes have been built with walls and rooms, with [[Hedge maze|hedge]]s, [[Turf maze|turf]], corn stalks, hay bales, books, paving stones of contrasting colors or designs, and brick,<ref>{{citation|publisher=Lappa Valley Steam Railway |url=http://www.lappavalley.co.uk/maze.htm |title=Lappa Valley Steam Railway – Trevithick Brick Path Maze |accessdate=13 June 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812061325/http://www.lappavalley.co.uk/maze.htm |archivedate=12 August 2009 |df= }}</ref> or in fields of crops such as [[cereal|corn]] or, indeed, [[maize]]. Maize mazes can be very large; they are usually only kept for one growing season, so they can be different every year, and are promoted as seasonal [[tourist attraction]]s. Indoors, mirror mazes are another form of maze, in which many of the apparent pathways are imaginary routes seen through multiple reflections in mirrors. Another type of maze consists of a set of rooms linked by doors (so a passageway is just another room in this definition). Players enter at one spot, and exit at another, or the idea may be to reach a certain spot in the maze. Mazes can also be printed or drawn on [[paper]] to be followed by a [[pencil]] or fingertip. Mazes can be built with snow.

==Generating mazes==
{{Main|Maze generation algorithm}}
Maze generation is the act of designing the layout of passages and walls within a maze. There are many different approaches to generating mazes, with various [[maze generation algorithm]]s for building them, either by hand or automatically by [[computer]].

There are two main mechanisms used to generate mazes. In "carving passages", one marks out the network of available routes. In building a maze by "adding walls", one lays out a set of obstructions within an open area. Most mazes drawn on paper are done by drawing the walls, with the spaces in between the markings composing the passages.

==Solving mazes==
{{Main|Maze solving algorithm}}
Maze solving is the act of finding a route through the maze from the start to finish. Some maze solving methods are designed to be used inside the maze by a traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze, whereas others are designed to be used by a person or computer program that can see the whole maze at once.

The [[mathematician]] [[Leonhard Euler]] was one of the first to analyze plane mazes mathematically, and in doing so made the first significant contributions to the branch of mathematics known as [[topology]].

Mazes containing no loops are known as "standard", or "perfect" mazes, and are equivalent to a [[Tree (graph theory)|''tree'']] in graph theory. Thus many maze solving algorithms are closely related to [[graph theory]]. Intuitively, if one pulled and stretched out the paths in the maze in the proper way, the result could be made to resemble a tree.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1tSK5V1pds Maze to Tree] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412011142/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1tSK5V1pds |date=12 April 2016 }}. YouTube (2007-12-23). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref>

==Mazes in psychology experiments==
Mazes are often used in [[psychology]] [[experiment]]s to study spatial [[navigation]] and [[learning]]. Such experiments typically use [[rat]]s or [[mouse|mice]]. Examples are:
* [[Barnes maze]]
* [[Morris water maze]]
** [[Oasis maze]]
* [[Radial arm maze]]
* [[Elevated plus maze]]
* [[T-maze]]

==Other types of mazes==
{{Refimprove section|date=December 2017}}
;[[Ball-in-a-maze puzzle]]s: Dexterity puzzles which involve navigating a ball through a maze or labyrinth.

;Block maze: A maze in which the player must complete or clear the maze pathway by positioning blocks. Blocks may slide into place or be added.

;Hamilton maze: A maze in which the goal is to find the unique [[Hamiltonian cycle]].<ref>{{cite book |last=de Ruiter |first=Johan |date=2017 |title=Hamilton Mazes - The Beginner's Guide}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.stetson.edu/~efriedma/puzzle/ham/ |title=Hamiltonian Mazes |last=Friedman |first=Erich |date=2009 |website=Erich's Puzzle Palace |access-date=27 May 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416235225/http://www2.stetson.edu/~efriedma/puzzle/ham/ |archivedate=16 April 2016 |df= }}</ref>

;Linear or railroad maze: A maze in which the paths are laid out like a railroad with switches and crossovers. Solvers are constrained to moving only forward. Often, a railroad maze will have a single track for entrance and exit.

;[[Logic maze]]s: These are like standard mazes except they use rules other than "don't cross the lines" to restrict motion.

;Loops and traps maze: A maze that features one-way doors. The doors can lead to the correct path or create traps that divert you from the correct path and lead you to the starting point. The player may not return through a door through which he has entered, so dead ends may be created. The path is a series of loops interrupted by doors. Through the use of reciprocal doors, the correct path can intersect the incorrect path on a single plane. A graphical variant of this maze type is an arrow maze.
[[File:Maze 2008a.JPG|thumb|A plan of a Loops and Traps Maze, Ridgewood, NJ 2008]]

;Mazes in higher dimensions: It is possible for a maze to have three or more dimensions. A maze with bridges is three-dimensional, and some natural cave systems are three-dimensional mazes. The computer game ''[[Descent (video game)|Descent]]'' uses fully three-dimensional mazes. Any maze can be mapped into a higher dimension without changing its topology.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}}

;Number maze: A maze in which numbers are used to determine jumps that form a pathway, allowing the maze to criss-cross itself many times.

;[[Picture maze]]: A standard maze that forms a picture when solved.

;[[Turf maze]]s and [[mizmaze]]s: A pattern like a long rope folded up, without any junctions or crossings.

===Gallery===
<gallery>
File:Maze Type Standard.png|Standard maze: Find a path from and back to the star.
File:Circularmazeexample.jpg|Circular maze type: Find a route to the centre of the maze.
File:Maze Type Arrow.png|Loops and traps maze: Follow the arrows from and back to the star
File:Maze Type Block.png|Block maze: Fill in four blocks to make a road connecting the stars. No diagonals.
File:Maze Type Number.png|Number maze: Begin and end at the star. Using the number in your space, jump that number of blocks in a straight line to a new space. No diagonals.
</gallery>

==Publications about mazes==
Numerous mazes of different kinds have been drawn, painted, published in books and periodicals, used in advertising, in software, and sold as art. In the 1970s there occurred a publishing "maze craze" in which numerous books, and some magazines, were commercially available in nationwide outlets and devoted exclusively to mazes of a complexity that was able to challenge adults as well as children (for whom simple maze puzzles have long been provided both before, during, and since the 1970s "craze").

Some of the best-selling books in the 1970s and early 1980s included those produced by Vladimir Koziakin,<ref>''Mazes'', Vladimir Koziakin (Grosset & Dunlap, 1971) {{ISBN|0-448-01836-5}}</ref> Rick and Glory Brightfield, [[Dave Phillips (maze designer)|Dave Phillips]], Larry Evans, and Greg Bright. Koziakin's works were predominantly of the standard two-dimensional "trace a line between the walls" variety. The works of the Brightfields had a similar two-dimensional form but used a variety of graphics-oriented "path obscuring" techniques. Although the routing was comparable to or simpler than Koziakin's mazes, the Brightfields' mazes did not allow the various pathway options to be discerned easily by the roving eye as it glanced about.

Greg Bright's works went beyond the standard published forms of the time by including "weave" mazes in which illustrated pathways can cross over and under each other. Bright's works also offered examples of extremely complex patterns of routing and optical illusions for the solver to work through. What Bright termed "mutually accessible centers" (''The Great Maze Book'', 1973) also called "braid" mazes, allowed a proliferation of paths flowing in spiral patterns from a central nexus and, rather than relying on "dead ends" to hinder progress, instead relied on an overabundance of pathway choices. Rather than have a single solution to the maze, Bright's routing often offered multiple equally valid routes from start to finish, with no loss of complexity or diminishment of solver difficulties because the result was that it became difficult for a solver to definitively "rule out" a particular pathway as unproductive. Some of Bright's innovative mazes had no "dead ends", although some clearly had looping sections (or "islands") that would cause careless explorers to keep looping back again and again to pathways they had already travelled.

The books of Larry Evans focused on 3-D structures, often with realistic perspective and architectural themes, and Bernard Myers (''Supermazes'' No. 1) produced similar illustrations. Both Greg Bright (''The Hole Maze Book'') and Dave Phillips (''The World's Most Difficult Maze'') published maze books in which the sides of pages could be crossed over and in which holes could allow the pathways to cross from one page to another, and one side of a page to the other, thus enhancing the 3-D routing capacity of 2-D printed illustrations.

[[Adrian Fisher]] is both the most prolific contemporary author on mazes, and also one of the leading maze designers.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} His book ''The Amazing Book of Mazes'' (2006) contains examples and photographs of numerous methods of maze construction, several of which have been pioneered by Fisher; ''The Art of the Maze'' (Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1990) contains a substantial history of the subject, whilst ''Mazes and Labyrinths'' (Shire Publications, 2004) is a useful introduction to the subject.

A recent book by Galen Wadzinski (''The Ultimate Maze Book'') offers formalized rules for more recent innovations that involve single-directional pathways, 3-D simulating illustrations, "key" and "ordered stop" mazes in which items must be collected or visited in particular orders to add to the difficulties of routing (such restrictions on pathway traveling and re-use are important in a printed book in which the limited amount of space on a printed page would otherwise place clear limits on the number of choices and pathways that can be contained within a single maze). Although these innovations are not all entirely new with Wadzinski, the book marks a significant advancement in published maze puzzles, offering expansions on the traditional puzzles that seem to have been fully informed by various video game innovations and designs, and adds new levels of challenge and complexity in both the design and the goals offered to the puzzle-solver in a printed format.

==Mazes open to the public==

===Asia===

====Dubai====
* [[Gardens Shopping Mall]], [[Dubai]] (world's largest indoor maze)<ref>[http://www.ameinfo.com/45024.html Retail Arabia to open French hypermarket Géant in The Gardens Shopping Mall | Nakheel Properties] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102220414/http://www.ameinfo.com/45024.html |date=2 January 2009 }}. AMEinfo.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref>

====Japan====
* Hikimi no Meiro,<ref>[http://www.iwami.or.jp/hish/kankou/meiro/maze.htm welcome to hikimi town!!] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080713142325/http://www.iwami.or.jp/hish/kankou/meiro/maze.htm |date=13 July 2008 }}. Iwami.or.jp. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref> [[Kiso District, Nagano|Kiso]], [[Nagano Prefecture|Nagano]], Japan
* Kyodai Meiro Palladium,<ref>[http://www.kinugawa.ne.jp/facilities/palladium/palladium.html 巨大迷路パラディアム] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217141245/http://www.kinugawa.ne.jp/facilities/palladium/palladium.html |date=17 December 2007 }}. Kinugawa.ne.jp. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref> [[Nikkō, Tochigi|Nikkō]], [[Tochigi Prefecture|Tochigi]], Japan
* Sendai Hi-Land,<ref>[http://www.hi-land.co.jp/ 仙台ハイランド ホームページ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414233919/http://www.hi-land.co.jp/ |date=14 April 2008 }}. Hi-land.co.jp. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref> [[Sendai, Miyagi|Sendai]], [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]], Japan
* Shirahama Energy Land,<ref>[http://www.royalpines.co.jp/shirahama/ ：：白浜エネルギーランド：： 移転連絡] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507063524/http://www.royalpines.co.jp/shirahama/ |date=7 May 2008 }}. Royalpines.co.jp. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref> [[Shirahama, Wakayama|Shirahama]], [[Wakayama Prefecture|Wakayama]], Japan

===Pacific===

====New Zealand====
* [[Kingseat Hospital|Amazing Maze n' Maize]]
* [[Puzzling World|The Great Maze at Puzzling World]]

===Europe===

====Austria====
* [[Schönbrunn Palace#Gardens|Schönbrunn Palace]], Vienna, has a large hedge maze in its gardens.

====Belgium====
* [[Loppem Castle]] maze

====Denmark====
* [[Labyrinthia]], [[Silkeborg]]<ref>[http://maps.google.com.au/maps?ll=56.106007,9.576414 Google Maps]. Maps.google.com.au (1970-01-01). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref>
* [[Samsø Labyrinten]] (The world's largest permanent maze, 60.000 m<sup>2</sup>)<ref>[http://www.samsolabyrinten.com/ Samsø Labyrinten – verdens største labyrint] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030422075156/http://www.samsolabyrinten.com/ |date=22 April 2003 }}. Samsolabyrinten.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref><ref>[http://maps.google.com.au/maps?ll=55.971925,10.551124 Google Maps]. Maps.google.com.au (1970-01-01). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref>

====Germany====
* [[Hortus Vitalis]] – Der Irrgarten,<ref>[http://www.hortus-vitalis.de Hortus Vitalis – Irrgarten und Erlebniswelt – Ausflugsziel in Bad Salzuflen] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813084935/http://www.hortus-vitalis.de./ |date=13 August 2008 }}. Hortus-vitalis.de. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref> [[Bad Salzuflen]] (hedge maze)

====Greece====
* [[Labyrinth Park]] near [[Hersonissos]], [[Crete]] (extends to approximately 1.300 m<sup>2</sup>)<ref>[http://www.labyrinthpark.gr/en Labyrinth Park] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524200849/http://www.labyrinthpark.gr/en |date=24 May 2017 }}. Retrieved on 2017-04-26.</ref><ref>[http://maps.google.com.au/maps?ll=35.2950336,25.357162 Google Maps]. Maps.google.com.au (1970-01-01). Retrieved on 2017-04-26.</ref>

====Italy====
* [http://maps.google.com.au/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=it&q=45.39361,7.955593&aq=2&sll=45.39361,7.955593&sspn=0.001654,0.0021&ie=UTF8&t=h&rq=1&split=0&ev=zi&ll=45.393489,7.955445&spn=0.001654,0.0021&z=19 Castello di Masino, Caravino 10010, Torino, Italia]
* {{ill|Porsenna's Maze|it|Labirinto di Porsenna}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toscanaunderground.it/eng/labirintoporsenna.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-03-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421201900/http://www.toscanaunderground.it/eng/labirintoporsenna.htm |archivedate=21 April 2009 |df= }}</ref> [[Chiusi]], [[Tuscany]] (see [[Labyrinth#Pliny's Italian labyrinth|Pliny's Italian labyrinth]])
* [[Villa Pisani]], [[Stra]], near [[Venice]] ({{coord|45.409587|N|12.013131|E|type:landmark|name=Maze}})
* The labyrinth of [[Franco Maria Ricci]] at [[Fontanellato]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/04/world-largest-maze-italy |title=Italian creates world's largest maze |date=4 July 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312172200/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/04/world-largest-maze-italy |archivedate=12 March 2016 |df= }}</ref> ({{coord|44.853989|N|10.146446|E|type:landmark|name=Maze}})

====Netherlands====
* ''Waterlabyrinth'', [[Nijmegen]], designed by [[Klaus van de Locht]], 1981<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.klausvandelocht.nl/het_labyrinth.htm |title=Het Labyrinth |website=klausvandelocht.nl |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002054630/http://www.klausvandelocht.nl/het_labyrinth.htm |archivedate=2 October 2010 |df= }}</ref> ({{Coord|51.85016|N|5.860471|E|type:landmark|name=Labyrinth}})
* Doolhof Ruurlo, [[Ruurlo]], designed by [[Daniel Marot]], based on the design for [[Hampton Court Maze]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doolhofruurlo.nl/geschiedenis.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120801065658/http://www.doolhofruurlo.nl/geschiedenis.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2012-08-01|title=Doolhof van Ruurlo – geschiedenis}}</ref> ({{Coord|52.078266|N|6.433654|E|type:landmark|name=Doolhof Ruurlo}})

====Portugal====
* Parque do Arnado,<ref>[http://www.pontedelima.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168:jardins-no-parque-do-arnado&catid=76:parques-e-jardins&Itemid=170 Jardins no Parque do Arnado] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930120552/http://www.pontedelima.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168%3Ajardins-no-parque-do-arnado&catid=76%3Aparques-e-jardins&Itemid=170 |date=30 September 2009 }}. Ponte de Lima. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref> [[Ponte de Lima]], [[District of Viana do Castelo]]
* Parque de São Roque,<ref>[http://www.cm-porto.pt/gen.pl?p=stories&op=view&fokey=cmp.stories/2383 C.M. Porto] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318141933/http://www.cm-porto.pt/gen.pl?p=stories&op=view&fokey=cmp.stories%2F2383 |date=18 March 2009 }}. Cm-porto.pt. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref> [[District of Porto]]<ref>[http://maps.google.com.au/maps?ll=41.158021,-8.587639 Google Maps]. Maps.google.com.au (1970-01-01). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref>
* [[Forest Reserve of Pinhal da Paz]],<ref>[http://www.azores.gov.pt/Portal/pt/entidades/sraf-drrf/textoImagem/Pinhal+da+Paz.htm Reserva Florestal de Recreio do Pinhal da Paz (São Miguel)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619044405/http://www.azores.gov.pt/Portal/pt/entidades/sraf-drrf/textoImagem/Pinhal%20da%20Paz.htm |date=19 June 2012 }}. Azores.gov.pt. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref> [[São Miguel Island]], [[Azores]]

====Spain====
* [[Alcázar of Seville]], [[Seville]]
* Corn Laberynth in the [[Camino de Santiago]], [[León, Spain|León]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elnortedecastilla.es/20080922/local/leon/leon-cuenta-laberinto-unico-200809221723.html|title=León cuenta con un laberinto único en el mundo. nortecastilla.es|website=www.elnortedecastilla.es}}</ref>
* [[Parc del Laberint d'Horta|Parc del laberint d'Horta]], [[Barcelona]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://w110.bcn.cat/portal/site/MediAmbient/menuitem.0d4d06202ea41e13e9c5e9c5a2ef8a0c/?vgnextoid=2598b9255ea6a210VgnVCM10000074fea8c0RCRD&vgnextchannel=6de179583ad1a210VgnVCM10000074fea8c0RCRD&lang=en_GB |title=Parc del Laberint d'Horta |publisher= |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204003627/http://w110.bcn.cat/portal/site/MediAmbient/menuitem.0d4d06202ea41e13e9c5e9c5a2ef8a0c/?vgnextoid=2598b9255ea6a210VgnVCM10000074fea8c0RCRD&vgnextchannel=6de179583ad1a210VgnVCM10000074fea8c0RCRD&lang=en_GB |archivedate=4 February 2013 |df= }}</ref> ({{Coord|41.440235|N|2.145769|E|type:landmark|name=Parc del laberint}})
* Parc de la Torreblanca, [[Esplugues de Llobregat]] ({{Coord|41.37856|N|2.054628|E|type:landmark|name=Labyrinth}})
* [[Parque de El Capricho]], [[Madrid]]
* Laberinto de Villapresente,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laberintodevillapresente.es/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-05-28 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612194810/http://laberintodevillapresente.es/ |archivedate=12 June 2017 |df= }}</ref> [[Cantabria]]. With 5,625qm, it is the largest maze in Spain.
* Parque de Tentegorra,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tentegorraventura.com/galeria-laberinto/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-05-28 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008173402/http://www.tentegorraventura.com/galeria-laberinto/ |archivedate=8 October 2016 |df= }}</ref> [[Murcia]]
* [[Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patrimonionacional.es/real-sitio/palacio-real-de-la-granja-de-san-ildefonso |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-05-28 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612194811/http://www.patrimonionacional.es/real-sitio/palacio-real-de-la-granja-de-san-ildefonso |archivedate=12 June 2017 |df= }}</ref> [[Segovia]] ({{Coord|40.5352|N|3.5956|W|type:landmark|name=Labyrinth Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso}})

====UK====
* [[Blake House Craft Centre]], Braintree, Essex, England (Open July–September)<ref>[http://www.greatmaze.info/maze.html maze] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060814094513/http://www.greatmaze.info/maze.html |date=14 August 2006 }}. Greatmaze.info. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref><ref>[http://maps.google.com.au/maps?ll=51.881823,0.474719 Google Maps]. Maps.google.com.au (1970-01-01). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref>
* [[Carnfunnock Country Park]], Northern Ireland. A hedge maze in the shape of Northern Ireland and winner of 1985 Design a Maze competition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnfunnock Maze |work=Larne Borough Council |url=http://www.larne.gov.uk/template1.asp?parent=588&parent2=646&pid=651&area=6&text=text=1 |accessdate=5 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927150600/http://www.larne.gov.uk/template1.asp?parent=588&parent2=646&pid=651&area=6&text=text%3D1 |archivedate=27 September 2011 |df= }}</ref>
* [[Castlewellan]], Northern Ireland, world's largest permanent hedge maze<ref>[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=47417 Records Search Page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508034830/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=47417 |date=8 May 2006 }}. Guinness World Records. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref><ref>[http://maps.google.com.au/maps?ll=54.258284,-5.953174 Google Maps]. Maps.google.com.au (1970-01-01). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref>
* [[Chatsworth House]] garden maze, planted with 1,209 yews.
* [[Cliveden#Maze|Cliveden House]] Originally laid out in 1894 and re-opened to the public in 2011, consisting of 1100 Yew trees
* [[Crystal Palace Park]], South London. Laid out in the 1870s, this is the largest maze in London.<ref>[http://londonist.com/2011/02/londons-labyrinths-and-mazes/ London's Labyrinths and Mazes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121050630/http://londonist.com/2011/02/londons-labyrinths-and-mazes/ |date=21 November 2016 }} Londonist. Retrieved on 2016-11-20.</ref>
*[[Glendurgan Garden]], Cornwall. A cherry laurel hedge maze created in 1833.<ref>[http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/glendurgan-garden/ Glendurgan Garden] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520091634/http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/glendurgan-garden/ |date=20 May 2012 }}. National Trust (2005-11-17). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref>
* [[Hampton Court Maze]]. A famous historic maze in the Palace gardens.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hrp.org.uk/HamptonCourtPalace/maze |title=Lose Yourself In The Famous, Fun-Filled Hampton Court Maze - Historic Royal Palaces |first=Historic Royal |last=Palaces |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729012841/http://www.hrp.org.uk/HamptonCourtPalace/maze |archivedate=29 July 2012 |df= }}</ref>
* [[Hever Castle Maze]], Hever, Kent. Yew tree maze and a splashing water maze<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hevercastle.co.uk/yew-maze.aspx |title=Mazes - Hever Castle |publisher= |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302085055/http://www.hevercastle.co.uk/yew-maze.aspx |archivedate=2 March 2012 |df= }}</ref>
* [[Hoo Hill Maze]], [[Shefford, Bedfordshire]], England<ref>[http://www.wuff.me.uk/hoo%20hill%20maze/noj.html Hoo Hill Maze] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051220172518/http://www.wuff.me.uk/hoo%20hill%20maze/noj.html |date=20 December 2005 }}. Wuff.me.uk. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref><ref>[http://maps.google.com.au/maps?ll=52.029145,-0.321728 Google Maps]. Maps.google.com.au (1970-01-01). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref>
* [[Norwich Cathedral]], Norfolk, England. A labyrinth in the Cloister Garth. Laid to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of HM Queen Elizabeth II in 2002.<ref>[http://www.cathedral.org.uk/visitorinfo/the-labyrinth--the-labyrinth.aspx Norwich Cathedral Labyrinth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522171658/http://www.cathedral.org.uk/visitorinfo/the-labyrinth--the-labyrinth.aspx |date=22 May 2013 }}. Norwich Cathedral. Retrieved on 2012-04-04.</ref>
* Richings Park Amazing Maize Maze, [[Richings Park]], near Heathrow, England (Open July–September)<ref>[http://www.farmmaze.co.uk/ The Maize Maze] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822220530/http://www.farmmaze.co.uk/ |date=22 August 2006 }}. Farmmaze.co.uk (2005-07-10). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</ref>
* [[Saltwell Park]], [[Gateshead]], [[Tyne and Wear]], England. A yew-tree maze restored to its original condition in 2005 and open to the public during park opening hours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/north-east-news/news-archive/2005/01/19/would-yew-enjoy-maze-72703-15093049/|title=Would yew enjoy maize?|work=[[Evening Chronicle]]|date=19 January 2005|accessdate=1 December 2012}}</ref>
* [[Somerleyton Hall]], Suffolk, England. A yew hedge maze designed and planted in 1846 by William Nesfield.<ref>[http://www.somerleyton.co.uk/hallgardens/gardens_maze.php Somerleyton Hall and Gardens] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328111057/http://www.somerleyton.co.uk/hallgardens/gardens_maze.php |date=28 March 2012 }}. Somerleyton Estate. Retrieved on 2012-04-04.</ref>
* [[York]] Maze. Located near [[RAF Elvington]] and constructed using [[maize]] (Dalek corn<ref name="Starr">{{cite news|work=CNet |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/doctor-who-celebrates-with-18-acre-dalek-corn-maze/ |last=Starr |first=Michelle |date=14 July 2013 |title=Doctor Who celebrates with 18-acre Dalek corn maze |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621014445/http://www.cnet.com/news/doctor-who-celebrates-with-18-acre-dalek-corn-maze/ |archivedate=21 June 2015 |df= }}</ref>) plants,<ref>[http://www.yorkmaze.com/ York Maze website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113171822/http://www.yorkmaze.com/ |date=13 November 2014 }} Retrieved 2014-13-11.</ref> the maze was created to celebrate the 50th anniversary of ''[[Doctor Who]]''.<ref name="Starr"/>

===North America===
[[File:MysteryMaze.jpg|thumb|right|Public maze at [[Wild Adventures]] theme park, [[Valdosta, Georgia]], United States. It was removed before the 2010 season.]]
[[File:Hedge Maze, St Louis Botanical Gardens (St Louis, Missouri - June 2003).jpg|right|thumb|Maze at [[Missouri Botanical Garden]] in St. Louis]]

====Canada====
*In 2012, the Kraay Family Farm in [[Alberta, Canada]] created the world's largest [[QR code]] in the form of a massive corn maze, popularly known as The Edmonton Corn Maze.<ref>{{cite news|title=World's largest QR code is a Canadian corn maze |work=CNet |author=Kooser, Amanda |date=11 September 2012 |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/worlds-largest-qr-code-is-a-canadian-corn-maze/ |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621031733/http://www.cnet.com/news/worlds-largest-qr-code-is-a-canadian-corn-maze/ |archivedate=21 June 2015 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=CNet |author=Kooser, Amanda |title=Navigate this massive corn maze using Google Street View |date=4 September 2013}}</ref>

====USA====

*[[The Stanley Hotel]] in [[Estes Park, Colorado]], which inspired [[Stephen King]]'s novel [[The Shining (novel)|''The Shining'']] (1977) but did not sport a hedge maze (despite one's being famously depicted in the [[The Shining (film)|1980 film adaption]]), in November 2014 publicized an international design competition requesting entrants to propose designs to plant a 10,100-square-foot hedge maze, using 1,600 to 2,000 Alpine Currant hedge bushes, on the hotel's front lawn. On 31 January, the judges selected Jesse Alfaro’s [[Evans, Colorado]] construction company.<ref name="KooserCNET" /><ref name="cegShining" />
* [[Dole Food Company#Legacy|Dole Pineapple Plantation]], Oahu.
* [[Tanglewood Music Center]] Hedge Maze, [[Lenox, Massachusetts|Lenox]] and [[Stockbridge, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hamptonterrace.com/wp/153/music-in-the-berkshires-classical-beyond-tanglewood-part-3/|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120710005047/http://hamptonterrace.com/wp/153/music-in-the-berkshires-classical-beyond-tanglewood-part-3/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=10 July 2012|work=Hampton Terrace|accessdate=3 April 2011|title=Music in the Berkshires: Classical Beyond Tanglewood, Part 3}}</ref>

===South Africa===

Chartwell Castle in Johannesburg claims to have the biggest known uninterrupted hedgerow maze in the Southern world, with over 900 conifers. It covers about 6000 sq.m. (approximately 1.5 acres), which is around 5 times bigger than The Hampton Court Maze. The center is about 12m × 12m. The maze was designed and laid out by [[Conrad Penny]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.chartwellcastle.co.za/maze.html
|title=Maze
|website=Chartwell Castle
|access-date=22 May 2017
|deadurl=no
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024160214/http://chartwellcastle.co.za/maze.html
|archivedate=24 October 2016
|df=
}}</ref>

===South America===

====Brazil====
* Labirinto Verde,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.novapetropolis.rs.gov.br/int_empresa.php?tipo=5&id=144 |title=Município de Nova Petrópolis - Empresa |first= |last=WEBDE.COM.BR |publisher= |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930054630/http://www.novapetropolis.rs.gov.br/int_empresa.php?tipo=5&id=144 |archivedate=30 September 2011 |df= }}</ref> [[Nova Petrópolis]], (Circular hedge maze built in 1989; Latitude 29°22'32.71"S Longitude 51°06'43.68"W)

==Mazes in popular culture==
{{Expand section|date=February 2018}}
===Fictional mazes===
* The film adaptation of [[Stephen King]]'s 1977 novel, ''[[The Shining (film)|The Shining]]'' (1980), includes a harrowing<ref name="KooserCNET">{{cite news|title='The Shining' hotel wants you to design a hedge maze for it |last=Kooser |first=Amanda |date=9 January 2015 |work=CNet |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/the-shining-hotel-wants-you-to-design-a-hedge-maze-for-it/ |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621014000/http://www.cnet.com/news/the-shining-hotel-wants-you-to-design-a-hedge-maze-for-it/ |archivedate=21 June 2015 |df= }}</ref> [[Jack Torrance#In film|scene]] featuring Jack Torrance and Danny Torrance in an ominous<ref name="cegShining">{{cite news|work=Construction Equipment Guide |title='The Shining' Hotel to Finally Get a Real Hedge Maze |date=2015-05-26 |url=http://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/The-Shining-Hotel-to-Finally-Get-a-Real-Hedge-Maze/25381/ |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527015317/http://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/The-Shining-Hotel-to-Finally-Get-a-Real-Hedge-Maze/25381/ |archivedate=27 May 2015 |df= }}</ref> hedge maze.

==See also==
{{colbegin||22em}}
* [[Celtic maze]]
* [[Corn maze]]
* [[Crop circle]]
* [[Hedge maze]]
* [[Labyrinth]]
* [[List of maze video games]]
* [[Radial arm maze]]
{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist|27em}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|authors=Abelson, H. & diSessa, A. |title=Turtle Geometry: The Computer as a Medium for Exploring Mathematics|publisher= MIT Press |date=1980}}
* {{cite book|author=Fisher, Adrian |title=The Amazing Book of Mazes|publisher= London: Thames & Hudson and New York: Harry N Abrams Inc|date=2006|isbn= 978-0-500-51247-0}}
* {{cite book|authors=Fisher, Adrian & Gerster, Georg |title=The Art of the Maze|publisher= Weidenfeld & Nicolson|location= London |date=1990|isbn= 0-297-83027-9}}
* {{cite book|author1=Fisher, Adrian |author2=Loxton, Howard |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Secrets of the Maze|location= London|publisher= Thames & Hudson|date=1997 |isbn= 978-0-500-01811-8}}
* {{cite book|authors=Fisher, Adrian & Saward, Jeff|title=The British Maze Guide|publisher= Minotaur Designs|location= St Albans, UK |date=1991}} The definitive guide to British Mazes.
* {{cite book|author=Martineau, John Southcliffe |title=Mazes and Labyrinths: In Great Britain|publisher= Wooden Books |date=2005|isbn= 978-1-904263-33-3}}
* {{cite book|author=Matthews, W. H. |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/etc/ml/index.htm |title=Mazes and Labyrinths: Their History and Development|date=1927}} Includes {{cite news|title=Bibliography|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/etc/ml/ml27.htm |work=Mazes and Labyrinths|date=1970|publisher= Dover Publications |isbn= 0-486-22614-X}}
* {{cite book|author=Saward, Jeff |title=Magical Paths|publisher= Mitchell Beazley |date=2002|isbn= 1-84000-573-4}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|maze}}
*{{Commonscat-inline|Mazes}}
*{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/holiday_type/family/article2378169.ece |date=21 August 2006 |work=Times Online|title= Britain's best mazes}}
*[http://www.labyrinthsociety.org/ Labyrinth Society] official web page
*{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/09/29/shortcuts.maze/index.html|work= CNN Briefing Room|title= Shortcuts: Escaping a maze|author=Neild, Barry |date=29 September 2006 }}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mazes| ]]
[[Category:Garden features]]
[[Category:Puzzles]]

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