Timeline of British history: Difference between revisions
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<div class="toc"> '''Centuries''': [[#9th century|9th]]{{·}}[[#10th century|10th]]{{·}}[[#11th century|11th]]{{·}}[[#12th century|12th]]{{·}}[[#13th century|13th]]{{·}}[[#14th century|14th]]{{·}}[[#15th century|15th]]{{·}}[[#16th century|16th]]{{·}}[[#17th century|17th]]{{·}} |
<div class="toc"> '''Centuries''': [[#6th century|6th]]{{·}}[[#7th century|7th]]{{·}}[[#8th century|8th]]{{·}}[[#9th century|9th]]{{·}}[[#10th century|10th]]{{·}}[[#11th century|11th]]{{·}}[[#12th century|12th]]{{·}}[[#13th century|13th]]{{·}}[[#14th century|14th]]{{·}}[[#15th century|15th]]{{·}}[[#16th century|16th]]{{·}}[[#17th century|17th]]{{·}} |
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[[#18th century|18th]]{{·}}[[#19th century|19th]]{{·}}[[#20th century|20th]]{{·}}[[#21st century|21st]]</div> |
[[#18th century|18th]]{{·}}[[#19th century|19th]]{{·}}[[#20th century|20th]]{{·}}[[#21st century|21st]]</div> |
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== |
== 6th century == |
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* c. '''950,000''' or '''840,000''' BC |
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** Flints worked in south-eastern Britain.<ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7303/fig_tab/nature09117_F5.html</ref> |
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* c. '''800,000''' BC |
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** [[Happisburgh]] early flint workings. |
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* c. '''700,000''' BC |
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** [[Pakefield]] early flint workings. |
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* c. '''500,000''' BC |
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** [[Eartham Pit, Boxgrove]] the oldest known human remains found in Britain. |
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* c. '''250,000''' BC |
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** [[Swanscombe Man]] (actually a woman), the second oldest known human remains found in Britain.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''180,000''' BC |
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** [[English Channel]] forms, separating Britain from the mainland.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gupta |first=Sanjeev |author2=Jenny S. Collier |author3=Andy Palmer-Felgate |author4=Graeme Potter |year=2007 |title=Catastrophic flooding origin of shelf valley systems in the English Channel |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=448 |issue=7151 |pages=342–345 |doi=10.1038/nature06018 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v448/n7151/full/nature06018.html |laysummary=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19833064/ |laysource=[[msnbc.com]] |laydate=2007-07-18 |accessdate=2007-07-18 |pmid=17637667 |bibcode=2007Natur.448..342G}}</ref> |
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* c. '''26,000''' BC |
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** Cave-dwelling [[Upper Paleolithic]] peoples in Britain.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''10,000''' BC |
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** Last [[Ice Age]] ends.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''8300''' BC |
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** [[Mesolithic]] period begins.<ref name=CBH/> |
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** [[Cheddar Man]], the oldest complete human skeleton found in Britain (c 7150 BC) |
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* c. '''4000''' BC |
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** [[Neolithic]] period begins in Britain, introducing the first [[agriculture]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''3000''' BC |
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** First [[henge]] monuments.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''2600''' BC |
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** Main phase of construction at [[Stonehenge]] begins, replacing earlier wooden and earthen works. |
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* c. '''2300''' BC |
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** Arrival of the [[Beaker People]] in Britain.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''1800''' BC |
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** [[Wessex culture]] brings [[Bronze Age|bronze-working]] to Britain.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''1600''' BC |
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** Last construction at [[Stonehenge]]. |
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* c. '''1400''' BC |
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** Wessex culture replaced by more [[farming|agrarian]] peoples; [[stone circle]]s and early [[hillfort]]s produced.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''800''' BC |
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** [[Celt]]s bring [[Iron Age|iron working]] to Britain; [[Hallstatt Culture]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''400''' BC |
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** [[Parisii (Yorkshire)|Parisi]] tribe from northern [[France]] settle in [[Yorkshire]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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** First [[broch]]s constructed.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''330''' BC |
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** [[Pytheas of Massilia]] circumnavigates Britain.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''300''' BC |
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** [[La Tene]] artwork introduced from northern France.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''100''' BC |
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** First wave of [[Belgic]] invaders settle in the south-east, establishing the [[Catuvellauni]] and [[Trinovantes]] tribes.<ref name=CBH/> |
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** First [[coin]]s introduced.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''80''' BC |
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** Second wave of Belgic invaders settle in [[Sussex]], [[Berkshire]], and [[Hampshire]], establishing the [[Atrebates]] and [[Regnenses]] tribes.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* '''55''' BC |
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** [[Commius]], chieftain of the Atrebates, captured by the British after serving as an envoy to [[Rome]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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** 26 August – [[Julius Caesar]] lands between [[Deal, Kent|Deal]] and [[Walmer]], wins skirmishes against the British, and frees Commius.<ref name=CBH/> |
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** 31 August – Britons in war-[[chariot]]s defeat the Romans. Romans return to [[Gaul]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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* '''54''' BC |
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** July – Julius Caesar invades Britain and defeats the Catuvellauni under [[Cassivellaunus]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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** September – Tribute fixed, and peace agreed between the Catevellauni and the Trinovantes, allied with Rome. Romans return to [[Gaul]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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* '''50''' BC |
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** Fleeing to Britain after a failed revolt in Gaul, [[Commius]] becomes chieftain of the [[Atrebates]].<ref name=CBH/> |
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* '''34''' BC |
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** Emperor [[Octavian]] makes an alliance with the Atrebates and Trinovantes.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* c. '''25''' BC |
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** [[Tincommius]], leader of the Atrebates, issues Roman-style coinage.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book |last=Palmer |first=Alan & Veronica |year=1992 |title= The Chronology of British History|publisher= Century Ltd|location=London|pages= 13–16|isbn= 0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> |
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== |
== 7th century == |
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== 8th century == |
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== 9th century == |
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== 10th century == |
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== 11th century == |
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* 1016 King Cnut, crowned king of England |
* 1016 King Cnut, crowned king of England |
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* 1034 Death of King [[Malcolm II of Scotland]], [[Duncan I of Scotland|Duncan I]] accedes to the Scottish throne |
* 1034 Death of King [[Malcolm II of Scotland]], [[Duncan I of Scotland|Duncan I]] accedes to the Scottish throne |
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* 1100 White tower of London completed |
* 1100 White tower of London completed |
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==12th century== |
== 12th century == |
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* 1135 Death of [[Henry I of England|Henry I]], accession of [[Stephen of England|King Stephen]] to English throne |
* 1135 Death of [[Henry I of England|Henry I]], accession of [[Stephen of England|King Stephen]] to English throne |
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* 1137 Beginning of a civil war between [[King Stephen of England|King Stephen]] and the [[Empress Matilda]] over the succession to the English throne; accession of [[Owain Gwynedd]], the first Welsh ruler to style himself [[prince of Wales]] |
* 1137 Beginning of a civil war between [[King Stephen of England|King Stephen]] and the [[Empress Matilda]] over the succession to the English throne; accession of [[Owain Gwynedd]], the first Welsh ruler to style himself [[prince of Wales]] |
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* 1199 Death of [[Richard I of England|Richard I]], [[John of England|King John]] accedes to the English throne |
* 1199 Death of [[Richard I of England|Richard I]], [[John of England|King John]] accedes to the English throne |
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==13th century== |
== 13th century == |
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*1209 [[John of England|King John]] excommunicated by Pope Innocent III |
*1209 [[John of England|King John]] excommunicated by Pope Innocent III |
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*1215 [[Magna Carta|The Magna Carta]] is agreed by [[John of England|King John]] at [[Runnymede]] |
*1215 [[Magna Carta|The Magna Carta]] is agreed by [[John of England|King John]] at [[Runnymede]] |
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*1297 [[William Wallace]] and the Scots defeat the English at the [[Battle of Stirling Bridge]] |
*1297 [[William Wallace]] and the Scots defeat the English at the [[Battle of Stirling Bridge]] |
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==14th century== |
== 14th century == |
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* 1305 Capture and execution of Scottish resistance fighter [[William Wallace]] by the English on a charge of treason |
* 1305 Capture and execution of Scottish resistance fighter [[William Wallace]] by the English on a charge of treason |
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* 1307 Death of [[Edward I of England|Edward I]], [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] accedes to the English throne |
* 1307 Death of [[Edward I of England|Edward I]], [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] accedes to the English throne |
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* 1399 Henry Bolingbroke usurps the English throne becoming [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]] |
* 1399 Henry Bolingbroke usurps the English throne becoming [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]] |
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==15th century== |
== 15th century == |
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* |
* |
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* 1413 - [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]] dies and is succeeded by his son, [[Henry V of England|Henry V]] |
* 1413 - [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]] dies and is succeeded by his son, [[Henry V of England|Henry V]] |
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* 1487 – The [[Battle of Stoke]] is fought between [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] and [[Lambert Simnel]] a Yorkist claimant to the throne. It is the last battle of the [[Wars of the Roses]] |
* 1487 – The [[Battle of Stoke]] is fought between [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] and [[Lambert Simnel]] a Yorkist claimant to the throne. It is the last battle of the [[Wars of the Roses]] |
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== 16th century == |
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*1509 England – [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] crowned and married to [[Catherine of Aragon]] |
*1509 England – [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] crowned and married to [[Catherine of Aragon]] |
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*1513 England and Scotland – [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]] and thousands of Scots killed in defeat at [[Battle of Flodden Field|Flodden]] |
*1513 England and Scotland – [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]] and thousands of Scots killed in defeat at [[Battle of Flodden Field|Flodden]] |
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*1592 Scotland – [[James VI and I|James VI]] enacts the "Golden Act" recognising the power of [[Presbyterianism]] within the Scottish church |
*1592 Scotland – [[James VI and I|James VI]] enacts the "Golden Act" recognising the power of [[Presbyterianism]] within the Scottish church |
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== 17th century == |
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*1603 – Death of [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]] on 24 March |
*1603 – Death of [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth I]] on 24 March |
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*1603 England – [[James VI of Scotland]] crowned King of England (as [[James I of England]]) |
*1603 England – [[James VI of Scotland]] crowned King of England (as [[James I of England]]) |
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*1688 England – The [[Glorious Revolution]] replaces [[James II of England|James II]] with [[William III of England|William III]] |
*1688 England – The [[Glorious Revolution]] replaces [[James II of England|James II]] with [[William III of England|William III]] |
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*1689 England and Scotland – The [[Bill of Rights 1689]] and the [[Claim of Right Act 1689]] are enacted by the [[Parliament of England]] and [[Parliament of Scotland]] |
*1689 England and Scotland – The [[Bill of Rights 1689]] and the [[Claim of Right Act 1689]] are enacted by the [[Parliament of England]] and [[Parliament of Scotland]] |
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== 18th century == |
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== 19th century == |
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== 20th century == |
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== 21st century == |
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[[Category:British history timelines| ]] |
[[Category:British history timelines| ]] |
Revision as of 01:23, 16 April 2019
This is a timeline of British history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of England, History of Wales, History of Scotland, History of Ireland, History of the formation of the United Kingdom and History of the United Kingdom.
Centuries: 6th · 7th · 8th · 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th · 14th · 15th · 16th · 17th ·
18th · 19th · 20th · 21st
6th century
7th century
8th century
9th century
10th century
11th century
- 1016 King Cnut, crowned king of England
- 1034 Death of King Malcolm II of Scotland, Duncan I accedes to the Scottish throne
- 1035 Death of Cnut
- 1040 Death of Duncan I, Macbeth accedes to the Scottish throne
- 1040 Death of Harold Harefoot, his brother Harthacnut accedes to the English throne
- 1042 Death of Harthacnut, Edward the Confessor accedes to the English throne
- 1057 Death of Macbeth, Lulach accedes to the Scottish throne
- 1058 Death of Lulach, Malcolm III accedes to the Scottish throne
- 1066 Death of Edward the Confessor in January, Harold II accedes to the English throne. Norman invasion and conquest of England, Harold II is killed and William the Conqueror becomes King of England
- 1078 Work commenced on Tintern Abbey
- 1086 Work commences on the Domesday Book
- 1087 Death of William the Conqueror
- 1093 Death of Malcolm III of Scotland in battle against the English
- 1100 Death of William II, Henry I accedes to the throne of England
- 1100 White tower of London completed
12th century
- 1135 Death of Henry I, accession of King Stephen to English throne
- 1137 Beginning of a civil war between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda over the succession to the English throne; accession of Owain Gwynedd, the first Welsh ruler to style himself prince of Wales
- 1154 Death of King Stephen, accession of Henry II to English throne
- 1164 Constitutions of Clarendon, a set of laws which governs the trial of members of the Church in England
- 1170 Assassination of Thomas a Becket; death of Owain Gwynedd, prince of Wales
- 1189 Death of Henry II, Richard I accedes to the English throne.
- 1192 Richard is captured by Duke Leopold of Austria whilst returning from the Crusades
- 1194 Richard is ransomed and returns to England; accession of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth to the throne of Gwynedd
- 1199 Death of Richard I, King John accedes to the English throne
13th century
- 1209 King John excommunicated by Pope Innocent III
- 1215 The Magna Carta is agreed by King John at Runnymede
- 1216 Death of King John, Henry III succeeds to the throne of England
- 1237 Border between Scotland and England by the Treaty of York
- 1240 Death of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, prince of Wales; Dafydd ap Llywelyn succeeds to the throne of Gwynedd
- 1246 Death of Dafydd ap Llywelyn; Llywelyn ap Gruffudd succeeds to the throne of Gwynedd (he does not claim the title of prince of Wales until 1258)
- 1249 Death of Alexander II, king of Scots; Alexander III succeeds to the throne of Scotland
- 1263 Battle of Largs, an inconclusive battle fought between Haakon IV of Norway and the Scots
- 1264 Simon de Montfort leads rebel English barons to defeat Henry III at the Battle of Lewes
- 1266 Scotland and Norway sign the Treaty of Perth under which Scottish control of the Western Isles is acknowledged
- 1267 Henry III of England recognises the authority of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in Wales
- 1272 Death of Henry III, Edward I succeeds to the English throne
- 1277 England annexes Wales, a state of affairs which lasted until 1283
- 1279 Statute of Mortmain
- 1282 Death of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, prince of Wales; Dafydd ap Gruffudd succeeds to the throne of Gwynedd
- 1283 Death of Dafydd ap Gruffudd; English conquest of Wales
- 1287 Revolt of Rhys ap Maredudd in Wales
- 1294 Revolt of Madog ap Llywelyn in Wales
- 1297 William Wallace and the Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge
14th century
- 1305 Capture and execution of Scottish resistance fighter William Wallace by the English on a charge of treason
- 1307 Death of Edward I, Edward II accedes to the English throne
- 1314 Decisive victory for Scotland over England at the Battle of Bannockburn
- 1316 Revolt of Llywelyn Bren in south Wales
- 1322 Edward II defeats a rebellious baronial faction at Battle of Boroughbridge
- 1327 Edward III usurps the English throne in January, Edward II is killed in September
- 1328 England recognises Scotland's independence in the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton
- 1338 Edward III claims the throne of France, initiating the Hundred Years' War
- 1348 The Black Death first arrives in England and ultimately kills c. one third of the population
- 1356 Battle of Poitiers
- 1377 Death of Edward III, his grandson Richard II accedes to the English throne
- 1381 Peasants' Revolt of 1381
- 1392 Statute of Praemunire
- 1399 Henry Bolingbroke usurps the English throne becoming Henry IV
15th century
- 1413 - Henry IV dies and is succeeded by his son, Henry V
- 1415 - Henry V is welcomed back to England after a major victory at the Battle of Agincourt, France
- 1422 - Henry V dies and is succeeded by his son, Henry VI
- 1471 – Henry VI is murdered and Edward IV is restored to the English throne
- 1483 – Death of Edward IV, Edward V accedes to the throne
- 1485 – The Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August ends the Yorkist reign of Richard III and ushers in Tudor reign, with the reign of Henry VII
- 1487 – The Battle of Stoke is fought between Henry VII and Lambert Simnel a Yorkist claimant to the throne. It is the last battle of the Wars of the Roses
16th century
- 1509 England – Henry VIII crowned and married to Catherine of Aragon
- 1513 England and Scotland – James IV and thousands of Scots killed in defeat at Flodden
- 1521 England – Lutheran writings begin to circulate.
- 1525 England – Henry VIII seeks an annulment of his marriage, which is refused.
- 1526 England – Cardinal Wolsey orders the burning of Lutheran books.
- 1529 England – Henry VIII severs ties with Rome and declares himself head of the English church.
- 1532 Scotland – Creation of the College of Justice and the Court of Session.
- 1534 England – Act of Supremacy passed by Henry VIII
- 1534 England – Treasons Act 1534
- 1535 England – Execution of Thomas More and Cardinal John Fisher.
- 1536 England – Execution of William Tindale in Antwerp
- 1542 Scotland – Mary, Queen of Scots, accedes to the Scottish throne
- 1547 England – Edward VI crowned King
- 1549 England – Prayer Book rebellion in south-west.
- 1553 England – Mary I accedes to the throne.
- 1558 England – Queen Elizabeth I accedes to the throne
- 1559 England – Act of Supremacy 1559
- 1560:Scotland – Parliament legislates protestant reformation of the Church of Scotland.
- 1567 Scotland – The Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, abdicates and flees Scotland after an uprising by Protestant lords
- 1571 England – Treasons Act 1571
- 1579 Scotland – James VI takes over government from his regent, James Douglas.
- 1582 Scotland – Establishment of the University of Edinburgh by Royal Charter.
- 1587 England and Scotland – Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle in Northamptonshire on 8 February
- 1588 England – Spanish Armada destroyed on 8 August
- 1592 Scotland – James VI enacts the "Golden Act" recognising the power of Presbyterianism within the Scottish church
17th century
- 1603 – Death of Queen Elizabeth I on 24 March
- 1603 England – James VI of Scotland crowned King of England (as James I of England)
- 1603 England – Plague
- 1605 England and Scotland – on 5 November, the Gunpowder plot is uncovered, in which Guy Fawkes and other catholic associates attempted to blow up the king, James VI and I and the Parliament of England.
- 1618 England – Execution of Sir Walter Raleigh
- 1625 England and Scotland – Death of James VI and I on 27 March
- 1639 England and Scotland – At war until 1644 in what become known as the Bishops' Wars
- 1640 England – The Long Parliament summoned.
- 1642 England – English Civil War begins (see Timeline of the English Civil War)
- 1652 England – Tea arrives in Britain
- 1666 England – The Great Fire of London ravages the city, 2–5 September.
- 1688 England – The Glorious Revolution replaces James II with William III
- 1689 England and Scotland – The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Claim of Right Act 1689 are enacted by the Parliament of England and Parliament of Scotland