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'''Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka''' titled as the "'''Sultan of the Andhra Country'''",<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=6e79DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA479&dq=kapaya+nayaka+warrior&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3ydO-8dXiAhVTyYsBHYFrDjAQ6AEIJzAA|title=Study and Teaching Guide for The History of the Renaissance World|last=Kaziewicz|first=Julia|date=2016-11-22|publisher=Peace Hill Press|year=|isbn=9781945841019|location=|pages=480|language=en}}</ref> was the second ruler of the [[Musunuri Nayakas]] and was the leader of a confederacy of several [[Telugu people|Telugu]] nobles who united to liberate the Telugu country from the [[Tughlaq dynasty|Tughlaq]] rule. He ruled from [[Warangal]] in modern-day [[Telangana]] between 1336-1368 CE.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Social History of the Deccan: 1300–1761 |first=Richard M. |last=Eaton |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-52125-484-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DNNgdBWoYKoC&pg=PA88 |page=88}}</ref>
'''Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka''' titled as the "'''Sultan of the Andhra Country'''",<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=6e79DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA479&dq=kapaya+nayaka+warrior&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3ydO-8dXiAhVTyYsBHYFrDjAQ6AEIJzAA|title=Study and Teaching Guide for The History of the Renaissance World|last=Kaziewicz|first=Julia|date=2016-11-22|publisher=Peace Hill Press|year=|isbn=9781945841019|location=|pages=480|language=en}}</ref> was the second ruler of the [[Musunuri Nayakas]] and was the leader of a confederacy of several [[Telugu people|Telugu]] nobles who united to liberate the Telugu country from the [[Tughlaq dynasty|Tughlaq]] rule. He ruled from [[Warangal]] in modern-day [[Telangana]] between 1336-1368 CE.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Social History of the Deccan: 1300–1761 |first=Richard M. |last=Eaton |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-52125-484-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DNNgdBWoYKoC&pg=PA88 |page=88}}</ref>


Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka was the cousin-brother of Musunuri Prolaya Nayaka, who was the first ruler of the Musunuri Nayakas.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=IQtuAAAAMAAJ&q=kapaya+nayaka+cousin&dq=kapaya+nayaka+cousin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjV8s-J2d_iAhXIWLwKHYm4DHMQ6AEIMDAC|title=Glimpses of our past--historical researches: festschrift in honour of Prof. Mukkamala Radhakrishna Sarma, former emeritus fellow|last=Sarma|first=Mukkamala Radhakrishna|last2=Committee|first2=Osmania University Dept of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology Felicitation|last3=History|first3=Osmania University Dept of|date=2004|publisher=Felicitation Committee, Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture, and Archaeology & Dept. of History, Osmania University|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=264|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=qXcwAQAAIAAJ&q=kapaya+nayaka+cousin&dq=kapaya+nayaka+cousin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjV8s-J2d_iAhXIWLwKHYm4DHMQ6AEINjAD|title=A short history of South India|last=Chaturvedi|first=Sarojini|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Saṁskṛiti|year=|isbn=9788187374374|location=|pages=222|language=en}}</ref> Telugu historians state that the [[Musunuri Nayakas|Musunuri Nayaks]] belonged to the [[Kamma (caste)|Kamma]] caste group <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkRuAAAAMAAJ|title=Political geography of India|last=Satyamurthy|first=K.|date=1990|publisher=Printwell Publishers|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=32|language=en|quote=The Kamma-nayakas of the Musunuri family particularly Prolayanayaka and Kapayanayaka attempted successfully in freeing the land from the Muslim rule.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOrsAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Economic and social conditions of Āndhra Deśa, A.D. 1000 to 1323 A.D.|last=Pramila|first=Kasturi|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Bharatiay Kala Prakashan|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=162|language=en|quote=Prolayanayaka of the Musunuri family who is considered to belong to the Kamma caste established an independent kingdom at Rekapalli.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=zh-TW&id=wENuAAAAMAAJ&dq=raghunadha+musunuri+kammas&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=kamma|title=Ancient and medieval history of Andhra Pradesh|last=Rao|first=P. Raghunadha|date=1993|publisher=Sterling Publishers|year=|isbn=9788120714953|location=|pages=70|language=en|quote="These chiefs took the lead in organizing a war of independence against the Muslim rule and elected as their leader, Prolaya Nayaka, the Kamma chieftain of Musunuru . . ."}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Prasad|first=G. Durga|title=History of the Andhras up to 1565 A. D.|url=https://www.katragadda.com/articles/HistoryOfTheAndhras.pdf|year=1988|location=Guntur|publisher=P. G. Publishers|p=168}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/br/2002/11/26/stories/2002112600070302.htm|title=The Hindu : Telugu cultural history|last=|first=|date=November 26, 2002|website=www.thehindu.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|quote="He [Muppaalla Hanumantha Rao, the author of SAMAGRA ANDHRA DESA CHARITRA — SAMSKRITI — Third Volume] comes out with new evidence that, during this period, the Musunuri Kamma dynasty ruled Andhra for 50 years while the Reddy dynasty ruled the land for a hundred years plus another quarter of a century by the Reddy kings of Rajahmundry and the Velama kings had their sway over the region for some 150 years. He also finds that all these three major castes were one to begin with, but later split into three different sects"}}</ref>. It is assumed that the Musunuri Nayakas came from a family with previous martial experience as their meteoric rise to power was based on military ability.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=pre+colonial+india+talbot&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjEuce_3t_iAhUBXLwKHTEwBoMQ6AEIJzAA|title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra|last=Talbot|first=Cynthia|date=2001-09-20|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=|isbn=9780198031239|location=|pages=179|language=en}}</ref>
Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka was the cousin-brother of Musunuri Prolaya Nayaka, who was the first ruler of the Musunuri Nayakas.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=IQtuAAAAMAAJ&q=kapaya+nayaka+cousin&dq=kapaya+nayaka+cousin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjV8s-J2d_iAhXIWLwKHYm4DHMQ6AEIMDAC|title=Glimpses of our past--historical researches: festschrift in honour of Prof. Mukkamala Radhakrishna Sarma, former emeritus fellow|last=Sarma|first=Mukkamala Radhakrishna|last2=Committee|first2=Osmania University Dept of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology Felicitation|last3=History|first3=Osmania University Dept of|date=2004|publisher=Felicitation Committee, Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture, and Archaeology & Dept. of History, Osmania University|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=264|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=qXcwAQAAIAAJ&q=kapaya+nayaka+cousin&dq=kapaya+nayaka+cousin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjV8s-J2d_iAhXIWLwKHYm4DHMQ6AEINjAD|title=A short history of South India|last=Chaturvedi|first=Sarojini|date=2006-01-01|publisher=Saṁskṛiti|year=|isbn=9788187374374|location=|pages=222|language=en}}</ref> Telugu historians state that the [[Musunuri Nayakas|Musunuri Nayaks]] belonged to the [[Kamma (caste)|Kamma]] caste group <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GkNuAAAAMAAJ|title=Socio-cultural history of ancient and medieval Andhra|last=Rao|first=B. S. L. Hanumantha|last2=India)|first2=Telugu University (Hyderabad|date=1995|publisher=Telugu University|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=157|language=en|quote="The Nayakas of Musunuru who are said to have been Kammas . . ."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkRuAAAAMAAJ|title=Political geography of India|last=Satyamurthy|first=K.|date=1990|publisher=Printwell Publishers|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=32|language=en|quote=The Kamma-nayakas of the Musunuri family particularly Prolayanayaka and Kapayanayaka attempted successfully in freeing the land from the Muslim rule.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOrsAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Economic and social conditions of Āndhra Deśa, A.D. 1000 to 1323 A.D.|last=Pramila|first=Kasturi|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Bharatiay Kala Prakashan|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=162|language=en|quote=Prolayanayaka of the Musunuri family who is considered to belong to the Kamma caste established an independent kingdom at Rekapalli.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=zh-TW&id=wENuAAAAMAAJ&dq=raghunadha+musunuri+kammas&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=kamma|title=Ancient and medieval history of Andhra Pradesh|last=Rao|first=P. Raghunadha|date=1993|publisher=Sterling Publishers|year=|isbn=9788120714953|location=|pages=70|language=en|quote="These chiefs took the lead in organizing a war of independence against the Muslim rule and elected as their leader, Prolaya Nayaka, the Kamma chieftain of Musunuru . . ."}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Prasad|first=G. Durga|title=History of the Andhras up to 1565 A. D.|url=https://www.katragadda.com/articles/HistoryOfTheAndhras.pdf|year=1988|location=Guntur|publisher=P. G. Publishers|p=168}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/br/2002/11/26/stories/2002112600070302.htm|title=The Hindu : Telugu cultural history|last=|first=|date=November 26, 2002|website=www.thehindu.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|quote="He [Muppaalla Hanumantha Rao, the author of SAMAGRA ANDHRA DESA CHARITRA — SAMSKRITI — Third Volume] comes out with new evidence that, during this period, the Musunuri Kamma dynasty ruled Andhra for 50 years while the Reddy dynasty ruled the land for a hundred years plus another quarter of a century by the Reddy kings of Rajahmundry and the Velama kings had their sway over the region for some 150 years. He also finds that all these three major castes were one to begin with, but later split into three different sects"}}</ref>. It is assumed that the Musunuri Nayakas came from a family with previous martial experience as their meteoric rise to power was based on military ability.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=pre+colonial+india+talbot&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjEuce_3t_iAhUBXLwKHTEwBoMQ6AEIJzAA|title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra|last=Talbot|first=Cynthia|date=2001-09-20|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=|isbn=9780198031239|location=|pages=179|language=en}}</ref>


Kapaya Nayaka's [[Polavaram, West Godavari district|Polavaram]] Inscription, which was written in Sanskrit, was a royal gift ([[Agraharam|Agrahara]]) to a [[Brahmin]].<ref name=":0" /> An inscription during Kapaya Nayaka's reign compared him to the last Kakatiya Emperor, [[Prataparudra|Prataparudra II]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC&pg=PA50&dq=kapaya+nayaka&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwict_2aq9biAhUd8LwKHdlNDwYQ6AEIOjAE|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives|last=Eaton|first=Richard M.|date=2005-11-17|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=|isbn=9780521254847|location=|pages=50|language=en}}</ref>
Kapaya Nayaka's [[Polavaram, West Godavari district|Polavaram]] Inscription, which was written in Sanskrit, was a royal gift ([[Agraharam|Agrahara]]) to a [[Brahmin]].<ref name=":0" /> An inscription during Kapaya Nayaka's reign compared him to the last Kakatiya Emperor, [[Prataparudra|Prataparudra II]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC&pg=PA50&dq=kapaya+nayaka&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwict_2aq9biAhUd8LwKHdlNDwYQ6AEIOjAE|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives|last=Eaton|first=Richard M.|date=2005-11-17|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=|isbn=9780521254847|location=|pages=50|language=en}}</ref>

Revision as of 01:58, 16 June 2019


Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka
Reign1336 - 1368 CE.
ReligionHinduism
OccupationSecond ruler of the Musunuri Nayakas and the Leader of confederation of Telugu nobles who united to liberate Telugu country from the Delhi Sultanate.

Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka titled as the "Sultan of the Andhra Country",[1] was the second ruler of the Musunuri Nayakas and was the leader of a confederacy of several Telugu nobles who united to liberate the Telugu country from the Tughlaq rule. He ruled from Warangal in modern-day Telangana between 1336-1368 CE.[2]

Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka was the cousin-brother of Musunuri Prolaya Nayaka, who was the first ruler of the Musunuri Nayakas.[3][4] Telugu historians state that the Musunuri Nayaks belonged to the Kamma caste group [5][6][7][8][9][10]. It is assumed that the Musunuri Nayakas came from a family with previous martial experience as their meteoric rise to power was based on military ability.[11]

Kapaya Nayaka's Polavaram Inscription, which was written in Sanskrit, was a royal gift (Agrahara) to a Brahmin.[11] An inscription during Kapaya Nayaka's reign compared him to the last Kakatiya Emperor, Prataparudra II.[12]

The Vijayanagara Empire, especially Bukkaraya I, closely collaborated with the Hindu Nayakas of Andhra, most notably Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka. [13] Kapaya Nayaka frequently fought with the Bahmanis, and he lost several forts and lands to them, which weakened his power. Anopota Nayaka, of the Recherla clan, began ruling Telangana after the death of Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka.[11]

There is little information concerning Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka in historical records, and the lives of the Musunuris in general are often described as "obscure", though some information is available.[14][15]

References

  1. ^ Kaziewicz, Julia (2016-11-22). Study and Teaching Guide for The History of the Renaissance World. Peace Hill Press. p. 480. ISBN 9781945841019.
  2. ^ Eaton, Richard M. (2005). A Social History of the Deccan: 1300–1761. Cambridge University Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-52125-484-7.
  3. ^ Sarma, Mukkamala Radhakrishna; Committee, Osmania University Dept of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology Felicitation; History, Osmania University Dept of (2004). Glimpses of our past--historical researches: festschrift in honour of Prof. Mukkamala Radhakrishna Sarma, former emeritus fellow. Felicitation Committee, Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture, and Archaeology & Dept. of History, Osmania University. p. 264.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Chaturvedi, Sarojini (2006-01-01). A short history of South India. Saṁskṛiti. p. 222. ISBN 9788187374374.
  5. ^ Rao, B. S. L. Hanumantha; India), Telugu University (Hyderabad (1995). Socio-cultural history of ancient and medieval Andhra. Telugu University. p. 157. The Nayakas of Musunuru who are said to have been Kammas . . .
  6. ^ Satyamurthy, K. (1990). Political geography of India. Printwell Publishers. p. 32. The Kamma-nayakas of the Musunuri family particularly Prolayanayaka and Kapayanayaka attempted successfully in freeing the land from the Muslim rule.
  7. ^ Pramila, Kasturi (2002-01-01). Economic and social conditions of Āndhra Deśa, A.D. 1000 to 1323 A.D. Bharatiay Kala Prakashan. p. 162. Prolayanayaka of the Musunuri family who is considered to belong to the Kamma caste established an independent kingdom at Rekapalli.
  8. ^ Rao, P. Raghunadha (1993). Ancient and medieval history of Andhra Pradesh. Sterling Publishers. p. 70. ISBN 9788120714953. These chiefs took the lead in organizing a war of independence against the Muslim rule and elected as their leader, Prolaya Nayaka, the Kamma chieftain of Musunuru . . .
  9. ^ Prasad, G. Durga (1988), History of the Andhras up to 1565 A. D. (PDF), Guntur: P. G. Publishers, p. 168
  10. ^ "The Hindu : Telugu cultural history". www.thehindu.com. November 26, 2002. He [Muppaalla Hanumantha Rao, the author of SAMAGRA ANDHRA DESA CHARITRA — SAMSKRITI — Third Volume] comes out with new evidence that, during this period, the Musunuri Kamma dynasty ruled Andhra for 50 years while the Reddy dynasty ruled the land for a hundred years plus another quarter of a century by the Reddy kings of Rajahmundry and the Velama kings had their sway over the region for some 150 years. He also finds that all these three major castes were one to begin with, but later split into three different sects {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  11. ^ a b c Talbot, Cynthia (2001-09-20). Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. p. 179. ISBN 9780198031239.
  12. ^ Eaton, Richard M. (2005-11-17). A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives. Cambridge University Press. p. 50. ISBN 9780521254847.
  13. ^ Stein, Burton (1994). Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India. Oxford University Press. p. 381.
  14. ^ Talbot, Austin Cynthia (2001). Pre-colonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-19803-123-9.
  15. ^ Eaton, Richard M. (2005). A Social History of the Deccan: 1300–1761. Cambridge University Press. pp. 26–28. ISBN 978-0-52125-484-7.

Further reading

  • Sarma, M. Somasekhara; A Forgotten Chapter of Andhra History 1945, Andhra University, Waltair
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