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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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Various names for the island of Taiwan remain in use today, each derived from explorers or rulers during a particular historical period. The name Formosa (福爾摩沙) dates from 1542,[verification needed] when Portuguese sailors sighted an uncharted island and noted it on their maps as Ilha Formosa ("beautiful island").[28][29] The name Formosa eventually "replaced all others in European literature"[attribution needed][30] and remained in common use among English speakers into the 20th century.[31] |
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In the early 17th century, the Dutch East India Company established a commercial post at Fort Zeelandia (modern-day Anping, Tainan) on a coastal sandbar called "Tayouan",[32] after their ethnonym for a nearby Taiwanese aboriginal tribe, possibly Taivoan people, written by the Dutch and Portuguese variously as Taiouwang, Tayowan, Teijoan, etc.[33] This name was also adopted into the Chinese vernacular (in particular, Hokkien, as Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tāi-oân/Tâi-oân) as the name of the sandbar and nearby area (Tainan). The modern word "Taiwan" is derived from this usage, which is seen in various forms (大員, 大圓, 大灣, 臺員, 臺圓 and 臺窩灣) in Chinese historical records. The area occupied by modern-day Tainan represented the first permanent settlement by both European colonists and Chinese immigrants. The settlement grew to be the island's most important trading hub and served as its capital until 1887. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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{{Main|History of Taiwan|History of the Republic of China}} |
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{{hatnote|See the [[History of China]] article for historical information in [[mainland China]] before 1949.}} |
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===From prehistory until the 16th century=== |
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{{Main|Prehistory of Taiwan}} |
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[[File:Tsou youth of Taiwan (pre-1945).jpg|thumb|upright|A young [[Tsou people|Tsou]] man]] |
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Taiwan was joined to the mainland in the [[Late Pleistocene]], until [[sea level]]s rose about 10,000 years ago. Fragmentary human remains dated 20,000 to 30,000 years ago have been found on the island, as well as later artifacts of a [[paleolithic]] culture.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Chang |first=K.C. |authorlink=Kwang-chih Chang |others=translated by W. Tsao, ed. by B. Gordon |title=The Neolithic Taiwan Strait |journal=Kaogu |year=1989 |volume=6 |pages=541–550, 569 |url=http://http-server.carleton.ca/~bgordon/Rice/papers/App.18ChangKC89.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418153210/http://http-server.carleton.ca/~bgordon/Rice/papers/App.18ChangKC89.pdf |archivedate=18 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="palaeolithic">{{cite journal |last1=Olsen |first1=John W. |last2=Miller-Antonio |first2=Sari |title=The Palaeolithic in Southern China |journal=Asian Perspectives |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=129–160 |year=1992 |url=http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/17011 |hdl=10125/17011}}</ref>{{sfnp|Jiao|2007|pp=89–90}} |
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Revision as of 08:49, 17 June 2019
Etymology
History
From prehistory until the 16th century
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Taiwan was joined to the mainland in the Late Pleistocene, until sea levels rose about 10,000 years ago. Fragmentary human remains dated 20,000 to 30,000 years ago have been found on the island, as well as later artifacts of a paleolithic culture.[1][2][3]
- ^ Chang, K.C. (1989). "The Neolithic Taiwan Strait" (PDF). Kaogu. 6. translated by W. Tsao, ed. by B. Gordon: 541–550, 569. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2012.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Olsen, John W.; Miller-Antonio, Sari (1992). "The Palaeolithic in Southern China". Asian Perspectives. 31 (2): 129–160. hdl:10125/17011.
- ^ Jiao (2007), pp. 89–90.