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== Health effects == |
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=== Osteoporosis === |
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There is no good evidence that vitamin K supplementation benefits the bone health of postmenopausal women.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Hamidi MS, Gajic-Veljanoski O, Cheung AM|year=2013|title=Vitamin K and bone health|journal=Journal of Clinical Densitometry|type=Review|volume=16|issue=4|pages=409–13|doi=10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.017|pmid=24090644}}</ref> |
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=== Cardiovascular health === |
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Adequate intake of vitamin K is associated with the inhibition of [[Artery|arterial]] [[calcification]] and stiffening,<ref name="pmid26770129">{{cite journal|vauthors=Maresz K|date=February 2015|title=Proper Calcium Use: Vitamin K2 as a Promoter of Bone and Cardiovascular Health|journal=Integrative Medicine|type=Review|volume=14|issue=1|pages=34–9|doi=|pmc=4566462|pmid=26770129}}</ref> but there have been few interventional studies and no good evidence that vitamin K supplementation is of any benefit in the primary prevention of [[cardiovascular disease]].<ref name="cochrane-cvd">{{cite journal|vauthors=Hartley L, Clar C, Ghannam O, Flowers N, Stranges S, Rees K|date=September 2015|title=Vitamin K for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|type=Systematic review|volume=9|issue=9|pages=CD011148|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD011148.pub2|pmid=26389791}}</ref> |
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One 10-year population study, the Rotterdam Study, did show a clear and significant inverse relationship between the highest intake levels of menaquinone (mainly MK-4 from eggs and meat, and MK-8 and MK-9 from cheese) and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in older men and women.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|vauthors=Geleijnse JM, Vermeer C, Grobbee DE, Schurgers LJ, Knapen MH, van der Meer IM, Hofman A, Witteman JC|date=November 2004|title=Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study|journal=The Journal of Nutrition|volume=134|issue=11|pages=3100–5|doi=10.1093/jn/134.11.3100|pmid=15514282}}</ref> |
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=== Cancer === |
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Vitamin K has been promoted in supplement form with claims it can slow [[tumor]] growth; however, no good [[Evidence-based medicine|medical evidence]] supports such claims.<ref name="acs">{{cite book|title=American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies|publisher=[[American Cancer Society]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-944235-71-3|veditors=Ades TB|edition=2nd|pages=558–563|chapter=Vitamin K}}</ref> |
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=== Warfarin overdose and coumarin poisoning ===<!-- NB: that's not a typo; the title references the rodenticide "coumarin", not the Warfarin brand "Coumadin®" --> |
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Vitamin K is one of the treatments for bleeding events caused by overdose of the anticoagulant drug [[warfarin]] (Coumadin®).<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Ageno W, Gallus AS, Wittkowsky A, Crowther M, Hylek EM, Palareti G|date=February 2012|title=Oral anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines|journal=Chest|volume=141|issue=2 Suppl|pages=e44S–e88S|doi=10.1378/chest.11-2292|pmc=3278051|pmid=22315269}}</ref> Vitamin K is also part of the suggested treatment regime for poisoning by [[rodenticide]] ([[coumarin]] poisoning).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/818130-clinical#showall|title=Rodenticide Toxicity Treatment & Management|date=Dec 2015|work=Medscape|publisher=WebMD|vauthors=Lung D|veditors=Tarabar A}}</ref>{{dashboard.wikiedu.org sandbox}} |
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Revision as of 20:49, 30 July 2019
Health effects
Osteoporosis
There is no good evidence that vitamin K supplementation benefits the bone health of postmenopausal women.[1]
Cardiovascular health
Adequate intake of vitamin K is associated with the inhibition of arterial calcification and stiffening,[2] but there have been few interventional studies and no good evidence that vitamin K supplementation is of any benefit in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.[3]
One 10-year population study, the Rotterdam Study, did show a clear and significant inverse relationship between the highest intake levels of menaquinone (mainly MK-4 from eggs and meat, and MK-8 and MK-9 from cheese) and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in older men and women.[4]
Cancer
Vitamin K has been promoted in supplement form with claims it can slow tumor growth; however, no good medical evidence supports such claims.[5]
Warfarin overdose and coumarin poisoning
Vitamin K is one of the treatments for bleeding events caused by overdose of the anticoagulant drug warfarin (Coumadin®).[6] Vitamin K is also part of the suggested treatment regime for poisoning by rodenticide (coumarin poisoning).[7]
 | This is a user sandbox of Kshim054. You can use it for testing or practicing edits. This is not the sandbox where you should draft your assigned article for a dashboard.wikiedu.org course. To find the right sandbox for your assignment, visit your Dashboard course page and follow the Sandbox Draft link for your assigned article in the My Articles section. |
- ^ Hamidi MS, Gajic-Veljanoski O, Cheung AM (2013). "Vitamin K and bone health". Journal of Clinical Densitometry (Review). 16 (4): 409–13. doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.017. PMID 24090644.
- ^ Maresz K (February 2015). "Proper Calcium Use: Vitamin K2 as a Promoter of Bone and Cardiovascular Health". Integrative Medicine (Review). 14 (1): 34–9. PMC 4566462. PMID 26770129.
- ^ Hartley L, Clar C, Ghannam O, Flowers N, Stranges S, Rees K (September 2015). "Vitamin K for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Systematic review). 9 (9): CD011148. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011148.pub2. PMID 26389791.
- ^ Geleijnse JM, Vermeer C, Grobbee DE, Schurgers LJ, Knapen MH, van der Meer IM, Hofman A, Witteman JC (November 2004). "Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study". The Journal of Nutrition. 134 (11): 3100–5. doi:10.1093/jn/134.11.3100. PMID 15514282.
- ^ Ades TB, ed. (2009). "Vitamin K". American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies (2nd ed.). American Cancer Society. pp. 558–563. ISBN 978-0-944235-71-3.
- ^ Ageno W, Gallus AS, Wittkowsky A, Crowther M, Hylek EM, Palareti G (February 2012). "Oral anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines". Chest. 141 (2 Suppl): e44S–e88S. doi:10.1378/chest.11-2292. PMC 3278051. PMID 22315269.
- ^ Lung D (Dec 2015). Tarabar A (ed.). "Rodenticide Toxicity Treatment & Management". Medscape. WebMD.