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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois and United Tribes of South Carolina}} |
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=== South Carolina === |
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{{Infobox ethnic group |
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Pursuant to SC Code of Laws Section 1-31-40(A)(10) and SC Code of Regulations Chapter 139, the State of South Carolina recognizes three categories of Native American Indian entities in South Carolina: Native American Indian Tribes, Native American Indian Groups, and Native American Indian Special Interest Organizations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Federal and State Recognized Native American Indian Tribes {{!}} SC Department of Archives and History |url=https://scdah-test.sc.gov/historic-preservation/resources/native-american-heritage/federal-and-state-recognized-native |website=scdah-test.sc.gov |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> |
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|group= Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois and United Tribes of South Carolina |
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|image=Flag of the Beaver Creek Indian Tribe.jpg |
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|image_caption= |
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|population=700 |
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|popplace={{Flag|United States}} ({{Flag|South Carolina}}) |
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|langs=[[English language|English]], [[Cherokee language|Cherokee]], |
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|rels=[[Christianity]], [[Mormonism]] |
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|related= [[Waccamaw]], [[Cheraw (tribe)|Cheraw]], [[Catawba people|Catawba]] and other [[Siouan]] peoples |
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}} |
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The '''Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois and United Tribes of South Carolina, Inc.''' or '''ECSIUT''' is state-recognized Native American Indian group in the state of South Carolina under the SC Code Section 1-31-40 (A) (7)(10), Statutory Authority Chapter 139 (100-111) and obtained this status on February 17, 2005. |
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The tribe's historical language family is [[Eastern Siouan languages|Eastern Siouan]], one of the major languages connecting them to other Piedmont region tribes.<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/2085506/The-Mestizos-of-South-Carolina Brewton Berry, "The Mestizos of South Carolina"], in ''The American Journal of Sociology'', Vol. 51, No. 1. (Jul 1945), on Scribd.com, accessed</ref> |
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Tribes |
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* '''Beaver Creek Indians'''.<ref name="ncsl"/> Letter of Intent to Petition 01/26/1998.<ref name="pxst"/> State-recognized tribe in 2006.<ref name="cfma">{{cite web|url=http://www.state.sc.us/cma/pdfs/s_c_tribes_and_groups.pdf|format=PDF|title=SC tribes and groups|author=South Carolina Commission for Minority Affairs|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102201038/http://www.state.sc.us/cma/pdfs/s_c_tribes_and_groups.pdf|archive-date=2008-01-02|df=}}</ref><ref name="sciac">{{cite web|url=http://southcarolinaindianaffairs.com/members.html|title=Members|author=South Carolina Indian Affairs Commission|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111134058/http://southcarolinaindianaffairs.com/members.html|archive-date=2013-01-11|df=}}</ref><ref name="scig">{{cite web|url=http://scindigenousgallery.com|title=Visitors Center|author=South Carolina Indigenous Gallery|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070902045830/http://scindigenousgallery.com/|archive-date=2007-09-02|df=}}</ref> |
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* '''[[Edisto Natchez Kusso Tribe of South Carolina]]''',<ref name="ncsl"/> state-recognized tribe in 2010.<ref name="cfma"/><ref name="scig"/> Also known as '''Edisto Natchez-Kusso Indians (Four Holes Indian Organization)''' |
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* '''Pee Dee Nation of Upper South Carolina'''.<ref name="ncsl"/> Letter of Intent to Petition 12/14/2005.<ref name="pxst"/> State-recognized tribe in 2005.<ref name="cfma"/><ref name="sciac"/><ref name="scig"/> |
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* '''Pee Dee Indian Tribe'''.<ref name=":0" /> Letter of Intent to Petition 01/30/1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bia.gov/sites/bia.gov/files/assets/as-ia/ofa/ofa/pdf/idc1-024418.pdf|title=List of Petitioners by State (as of 11/12/2013)|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref> State recognized in 2006.<ref name="cfma" /> Formerly '''Pee Dee Indian Tribe of South Carolina''' (2005).<ref name="ncsl"/> Formerly '''Pee Dee Indian Association''' (1978).<ref name="cfma" /> Formerly, '''Pee Dee Lumbee Indian Association''' (1976).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://businessfilings.sc.gov/BusinessFiling/Entity/Profile/2002985e-8aff-415b-aba7-1221a57bb722|title=Business Name Search - Business Entities Online - S.C. Secretary of State|website=businessfilings.sc.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-02-17}}</ref> |
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* '''Santee Indian Organization'''.<ref name="ncsl"/> Letter of Intent to Petition 06/04/1979.<ref name="pxst"/> State-recognized tribe in 2006.<ref name="cfma"/> Formerly '''White Oak Indian Community'''. |
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* '''[[Wassamasaw Tribe of Varnertown Indians]]''',<ref name="ncsl"/> |
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* '''The Waccamaw Indian People'''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://cma.sc.gov/native-american-affairs/sc-native-american-recognized-entities/|title=South Carolina Native American Affairs State Recognized Tribe List|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> |
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==Government== |
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Groups |
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[[File:Beaver Creek Indians Tribal Land.jpg|thumb|Photograph Of The Beaver Creek Indian Tribal Land|170x170px]] |
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*'''[[Chaloklowa Chickasaw|Chaloklowa Chickasaw Indian People]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=South Carolina's Recognized Native American Indian Entities {{!}} Commission for Minority Affairs |url=https://cma.sc.gov/minority-population-initiatives/native-american-affairs/south-carolinas-recognized-native-american-indian-entities |website=cma.sc.gov |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> |
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The tribe is governed by a [[Tribal chief|chief]], vice chief and nine member [[Tribal Council|tribal council]], all of which are elected.<ref name=":0" /> Additionally, an elders council provides the tribal council with consultation and advice. Their tribal land is located in Orangeburg County.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} |
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*'''Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois and United Tribes of SC'''<ref>{{cite web |title=South Carolina's Recognized Native American Indian Entities {{!}} Commission for Minority Affairs |url=https://cma.sc.gov/minority-population-initiatives/native-american-affairs/south-carolinas-recognized-native-american-indian-entities |website=cma.sc.gov |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> |
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*'''Natchez Tribe of South Carolina'''<ref>{{cite web |title=South Carolina's Recognized Native American Indian Entities {{!}} Commission for Minority Affairs |url=https://cma.sc.gov/minority-population-initiatives/native-american-affairs/south-carolinas-recognized-native-american-indian-entities |website=cma.sc.gov |accessdate=21 October 2019}}</ref> |
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*'''Pee Dee Indian Nation of Beaver Creek''' |
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==History== |
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Special Interest Organizations |
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Dating from the American Revolutionary War through to the late 20th century numerous sources and official government forms documented their people as being 'Indian'.<ref name=":2" /> This greatly assisted the tribe in achieving state recognition in the early 21st century. This provided proof that their people had a continuity of cultural and ethnic identity after the [[American Revolutionary War]] and throughout the coming years.<ref name=":0" /> |
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*'''American Indian Chamber of Commerce of South Carolina''' |
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*'''Little Horse Creek American Indian Cultural Center''' |
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In the mid 19th century, their people filed a petition with the state of South Carolina on the behalf of Indian families residing near [[Edgefield County, South Carolina]]. The petition was in regards to the poll tax. More specifically, it inquired as to whether "persons of Indian descent are considered to be free persons of color".<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjMa8ZU12S8C|title=Strangers in Their Own Land: South Carolina's State Indian Tribes|last=Hill|first=S. Pony|date=2009-12-31|publisher=Backintyme|isbn=9780939479344|language=en}}</ref> |
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During mid 19th century censuses their people were recorded as "mulatto". Additionally, several early 20th century birth and death certificates designate their people's race as "Croatan".<ref name=":3" /> This term was often used to denote a person of mixed Indian ethnicity. Many of their people were also recorded as "Indian" on [[World War I]] civil enlistments. |
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The Beaver Creek Indian people were also discussed in a 1948 article by Brewton Berry entitled "The Mestizos of South Carolina". Berry denotes what he calls "outcasts". He goes on to write that they were "not white", and further "do not fit into the biracial caste system". Their people were sometimes referred to by whites as "[[brass ankles]]" or "[[redlegs]]".<ref name=":3" /> |
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Four Pines School for Indians was founded near Rocky Swamp sometime during the first half of the 20th century. Beaver Creek Indians attended the school as children up until the 1960s when South Carolina public schools were desegregated.<ref name=":3" /> During documented interviews that took place around the start of the 21st century many Beaver Creek Indian elders shared that while growing up their families always felt the need to be as secretive as possible about being Indians. They went on to state that they were forbidden to speak publicly about being Indians.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Beaver Creek Indian Tribe}} |
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[[Category:Native American tribes in South Carolina]] |
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[[Category:State recognized Native American tribes]] |
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Revision as of 07:32, 21 October 2019
 | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 700 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 United States ( South Carolina) | |
| Languages | |
| English, Cherokee, | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity, Mormonism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Waccamaw, Cheraw, Catawba and other Siouan peoples |
The Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois and United Tribes of South Carolina, Inc. or ECSIUT is state-recognized Native American Indian group in the state of South Carolina under the SC Code Section 1-31-40 (A) (7)(10), Statutory Authority Chapter 139 (100-111) and obtained this status on February 17, 2005.
The tribe's historical language family is Eastern Siouan, one of the major languages connecting them to other Piedmont region tribes.[1]
Government
The tribe is governed by a chief, vice chief and nine member tribal council, all of which are elected.[2] Additionally, an elders council provides the tribal council with consultation and advice. Their tribal land is located in Orangeburg County.[citation needed]
History
Dating from the American Revolutionary War through to the late 20th century numerous sources and official government forms documented their people as being 'Indian'.[3] This greatly assisted the tribe in achieving state recognition in the early 21st century. This provided proof that their people had a continuity of cultural and ethnic identity after the American Revolutionary War and throughout the coming years.[2]
In the mid 19th century, their people filed a petition with the state of South Carolina on the behalf of Indian families residing near Edgefield County, South Carolina. The petition was in regards to the poll tax. More specifically, it inquired as to whether "persons of Indian descent are considered to be free persons of color".[4]
During mid 19th century censuses their people were recorded as "mulatto". Additionally, several early 20th century birth and death certificates designate their people's race as "Croatan".[4] This term was often used to denote a person of mixed Indian ethnicity. Many of their people were also recorded as "Indian" on World War I civil enlistments.
The Beaver Creek Indian people were also discussed in a 1948 article by Brewton Berry entitled "The Mestizos of South Carolina". Berry denotes what he calls "outcasts". He goes on to write that they were "not white", and further "do not fit into the biracial caste system". Their people were sometimes referred to by whites as "brass ankles" or "redlegs".[4]
Four Pines School for Indians was founded near Rocky Swamp sometime during the first half of the 20th century. Beaver Creek Indians attended the school as children up until the 1960s when South Carolina public schools were desegregated.[4] During documented interviews that took place around the start of the 21st century many Beaver Creek Indian elders shared that while growing up their families always felt the need to be as secretive as possible about being Indians. They went on to state that they were forbidden to speak publicly about being Indians.[2]
References
- ^ Brewton Berry, "The Mestizos of South Carolina", in The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 51, No. 1. (Jul 1945), on Scribd.com, accessed
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
:2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d Hill, S. Pony (2009-12-31). Strangers in Their Own Land: South Carolina's State Indian Tribes. Backintyme. ISBN 9780939479344.