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The first verifiable documented attempt to locate iron ore deposits with magnetic methods (the compass method) in Sweden was recorded on 29 July 1668 by the prospector [[Jöns Persson]]. The first attempt but with electrical equipotential methods was recorded in 1906. In 1921, Centralgruppens Emmissons A.-B. used electromagnetic instruments for the first time in Sweden to locate iron ores. In 1959, a metal detector was first used for archeological prospection (Skedemosse site by [[Ulf Erik Hagberg|Hagberg]]). [[Ground-penetrating radar|GPR]] was first used in the country in 1976. Seismic methods were used only once, in 1992 in [[Birka]].<ref>Andreas Viberg, Immo Trinks, [https://journals.openedition.org/archeosciences/1872 A short review of the use of geophysical prospection methods in Swedish archaeology], ''Openedition.org'', 2009 (accessed 22 October 2019)</ref>
The first verifiable documented attempt to locate iron ore deposits with magnetic methods (the compass method) in Sweden was recorded on 29 July 1668 by the prospector [[Jöns Persson]]. The first attempt but with electrical equipotential methods was recorded in 1906. In 1921, Centralgruppens Emmissons A.-B. used electromagnetic instruments for the first time in Sweden to locate iron ores. In 1959, a metal detector was first used for archeological prospection (Skedemosse site by [[Ulf Erik Hagberg|Hagberg]]). [[Ground-penetrating radar|GPR]] was first used in the country in 1976. Seismic methods were used only once, in 1992 in [[Birka]].<ref>Andreas Viberg, Immo Trinks, [https://journals.openedition.org/archeosciences/1872 A short review of the use of geophysical prospection methods in Swedish archaeology], ''Openedition.org'', 2009 (accessed 22 October 2019)</ref>


In 2011, the Geology Survey of Sweden proposed a national strategy for mineral exploitation of the national land. The government published it in 2013, and it basically led to more funding for survey-oriented work,<ref>Peter Dyer, Pai Pehrson, [https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=504104cb-b4e8-4630-abef-8916dd0882d6 Mining in Sweden], ''Lexology.com'', 23 April 2019 (accessed on 9 October 2019)</ref> including a $1.7-million contract with the Finnish spectrographic company [[Specim]] to scan and analyze 200km of hyperspectral imaging data of archived drill core.<ref>[https://www.specim.fi/specim-wins-1-7-me-transformational-deal-with-the-geological-survey-of-sweden/ SPECIM wins 1.7 M€ transformational deal with the Geological Survey of Sweden], ''Specim.fi'', 9 December 2013 (accessed 22 October 2019)</ref>
In 2011, the Geology Survey of Sweden proposed a national strategy for mineral exploitation of the national land. The government published it in 2013, and it basically led to more funding for survey-oriented work,<ref>Peter Dyer, Pai Pehrson, [https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=504104cb-b4e8-4630-abef-8916dd0882d6 Mining in Sweden], ''Lexology.com'', 23 April 2019 (accessed on 9 October 2019)</ref> including a $1.7-million contract with the Finnish spectrographic company [[Specim]] to scan and analyze 200km of hyperspectral imaging data of archived drill core.<ref>[https://www.specim.fi/specim-wins-1-7-me-transformational-deal-with-the-geological-survey-of-sweden/ SPECIM wins 1.7 M€ transformational deal with the Geological Survey of Sweden], ''Specim.fi'', 9 December 2013 (accessed 22 October 2019)</ref>


In 2013, the SGU launched a domestic network to favor the development of [[geopark]]s in Sweden. One site of focus is the meteorite impact at the [[Siljan Ring]] (''Siljansringen'') in [[Dalarna]].<ref>Annica Hulth, [https://phys.org/news/2015-04-geotourism.html Growing interest in geotourism], ''Phys.org'', 28 April 2015 (accessed 22 October 2019)</ref>
⚫
In February 2018, the SGU published a report that highlighted the country's new mineral extraction opportunities regarding the rapid development of consumer electronics and the growing need for rare metals (graphite, lithium, cobalt, rare earth elements (REE) and tungsten), urging the government to finance more specific survey projects to follow this new market trend (ex: [[Volvo]] going all-electric by 2019). A $1.3-million budget was approved for the SGU to survey the northern [[Norrbotten County|Norrbotten]] and [[Västerbotten County|Västerbotten]] provinces. The Swedish newspapers ''[[Svenska Dagbladet]]'' called Sweden the "Mecca of Battery Metals", outlining its rare metals potential.<ref>[https://sputniknews.com/business/201802161061728940-sweden-rare-earth-metals/ Sweden Poised to Become 'Battery Metal Mecca,' Challenge China's Dominance], ''Sputniknews.com'', 16 February 2018 (accessed on 22 October 2019)</ref><ref>Louise Nordström, [https://www.thelocal.se/20180215/sweden-eyes-cobalt-mining-on-home-turf Sweden eyes cobalt mining on home turf], ''Thelocal.se'', 15 February 2018 (accessed on 22 October 2019)</ref> In November 2018, the SGU agreed to help the [[State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine]] to draft a Mineral Strategy Plan aligned with European standards.<ref>[http://www.geo.gov.ua/en/geological-survey-of-sweden-is-ready-to-exchange-experiences-from-ukraine-with-ukraine/ Geological Survey of Sweden is ready to exchange experiences from Ukraine with Ukraine], ''Geo.gov.ua'', 21 november 2018 (accessed 22 October 2019)</ref>

⚫
In February 2018, the SGU published a report that highlighted the country's new mineral extraction opportunities regarding the rapid development of consumer electronics and the growing need for rare metals (graphite, lithium, cobalt, rare earth elements (REE) and tungsten), urging the government to finance more specific survey projects to follow this new market trend (ex: [[Volvo]] going all-electric by 2019). A $1.3-million budget was approved for the SGU to survey the northern [[Norrbotten County|Norrbotten]] and [[Västerbotten County|Västerbotten]] provinces. The Swedish newspapers ''[[Svenska Dagbladet]]'' called Sweden the "Mecca of Battery Metals", highlighting its rare metals potential.<ref>[https://sputniknews.com/business/201802161061728940-sweden-rare-earth-metals/ Sweden Poised to Become 'Battery Metal Mecca,' Challenge China's Dominance], ''Sputniknews.com'', 16 February 2018 (accessed on 22 October 2019)</ref><ref>Louise Nordström, [https://www.thelocal.se/20180215/sweden-eyes-cobalt-mining-on-home-turf Sweden eyes cobalt mining on home turf], ''Thelocal.se'', 15 February 2018 (accessed on 22 October 2019)</ref> In November 2018, the SGU agreed to help the [[State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine]] to draft a Mineral Strategy Plan aligned with European standards.<ref>[http://www.geo.gov.ua/en/geological-survey-of-sweden-is-ready-to-exchange-experiences-from-ukraine-with-ukraine/ Geological Survey of Sweden is ready to exchange experiences from Ukraine with Ukraine], ''Geo.gov.ua'', 21 november 2018 (accessed 22 October 2019)</ref>


In 2019, the SGU teamed up with the [[Geological Survey of Iran]], the [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]], and the Universities of [[Cardiff University|Cardiff]] and [[University of Cape Town|Cape Town]] to chemically fingerprint the processes that led to formation of [[Kiirunavaara|Kiruna]]-type iron ores, employing [[Isotopes of iron|Fe]] and [[Isotopes of oxygen|O]] isotopes (main elements in magnetite Fe3O4).<ref>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190412085223.htm New research supports volcanic origin of Kiruna-type iron ores], ''Sciencedaily.com'', 12 April 2019 (accessed 22 October 2019)</ref>
In 2019, the SGU teamed up with the [[Geological Survey of Iran]], the [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]], and the Universities of [[Cardiff University|Cardiff]] and [[University of Cape Town|Cape Town]] to chemically fingerprint the processes that led to formation of [[Kiirunavaara|Kiruna]]-type iron ores, employing [[Isotopes of iron|Fe]] and [[Isotopes of oxygen|O]] isotopes (main elements in magnetite Fe3O4).<ref>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190412085223.htm New research supports volcanic origin of Kiruna-type iron ores], ''Sciencedaily.com'', 12 April 2019 (accessed 22 October 2019)</ref>

Revision as of 17:36, 22 October 2019

Swedish Geological Survey, Uppsala

Geological Survey of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges geologiska undersökning or SGU), not to be confused with the Geological Society of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges geologiska föreningen), is a Swedish government agency that supervises all mineral deposits activities (surveys and extractions) in Sweden, and further the development of knowledge in the field of geology.

History

The Geological Survey of Sweden was founded in 1858.[1][2]

The first verifiable documented attempt to locate iron ore deposits with magnetic methods (the compass method) in Sweden was recorded on 29 July 1668 by the prospector Jöns Persson. The first attempt but with electrical equipotential methods was recorded in 1906. In 1921, Centralgruppens Emmissons A.-B. used electromagnetic instruments for the first time in Sweden to locate iron ores. In 1959, a metal detector was first used for archeological prospection (Skedemosse site by Hagberg). GPR was first used in the country in 1976. Seismic methods were used only once, in 1992 in Birka.[3]

In 2011, the Geology Survey of Sweden proposed a national strategy for mineral exploitation of the national land. The government published it in 2013, and it basically led to more funding for survey-oriented work,[4] including a $1.7-million contract with the Finnish spectrographic company Specim to scan and analyze 200km of hyperspectral imaging data of archived drill core.[5]

In 2013, the SGU launched a domestic network to favor the development of geoparks in Sweden. One site of focus is the meteorite impact at the Siljan Ring (Siljansringen) in Dalarna.[6]

In February 2018, the SGU published a report that highlighted the country's new mineral extraction opportunities regarding the rapid development of consumer electronics and the growing need for rare metals (graphite, lithium, cobalt, rare earth elements (REE) and tungsten), urging the government to finance more specific survey projects to follow this new market trend (ex: Volvo going all-electric by 2019). A $1.3-million budget was approved for the SGU to survey the northern Norrbotten and Västerbotten provinces. The Swedish newspapers Svenska Dagbladet called Sweden the "Mecca of Battery Metals", highlighting its rare metals potential.[7][8] In November 2018, the SGU agreed to help the State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine to draft a Mineral Strategy Plan aligned with European standards.[9]

In 2019, the SGU teamed up with the Geological Survey of Iran, the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, and the Universities of Cardiff and Cape Town to chemically fingerprint the processes that led to formation of Kiruna-type iron ores, employing Fe and O isotopes (main elements in magnetite Fe3O4).[10]

Description

The purpose of the Geological Survey of Sweden is to undertake surveys and provide information on bedrock, soil and groundwater in Sweden. The SGU is in charge of providing local authorities with comprehensive geological information for environmental work and infrastructure planning. The SGU runs the Mineral Resources Information Office in Malå[11]

The SGU is responsible for maintaining the country's "High-Quality Groundwater" policy and set up the standards for "good" urban development, and to dispose properly of the country's unused oil stocks facilities.[11]

Two advisory bodies lead the SGU: the Advisory Council for Mineral Resources and the Advisory Council for Minerals Exploration. The SGU is the governing authority of the Mining Inspectorate, which issues permits for exploration and exploitation of mineral deposits in Sweden.[11]

Each year, the SGU awards grants for targeted basic research and applied research in geosciences.[11]

Mineral archives

The Geological Survey of Sweden houses a rich collection of ore samples from all over the world. Visitors pay 1,000 Kronor (US$110) a day to examine the items on display.[12] The national drill core archive in Malå features over 3000 kilometres of drill cores from across the nation.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b SGU – experts on Sweden’s geology, Investinnorrbotten.se (accessed 22 October 2019)
  2. ^ Sundquist, Björn. "Sveriges geologiska undersökning". Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish). Retrieved 14 September 2010. (subscription required)
  3. ^ Andreas Viberg, Immo Trinks, A short review of the use of geophysical prospection methods in Swedish archaeology, Openedition.org, 2009 (accessed 22 October 2019)
  4. ^ Peter Dyer, Pai Pehrson, Mining in Sweden, Lexology.com, 23 April 2019 (accessed on 9 October 2019)
  5. ^ SPECIM wins 1.7 M€ transformational deal with the Geological Survey of Sweden, Specim.fi, 9 December 2013 (accessed 22 October 2019)
  6. ^ Annica Hulth, Growing interest in geotourism, Phys.org, 28 April 2015 (accessed 22 October 2019)
  7. ^ Sweden Poised to Become 'Battery Metal Mecca,' Challenge China's Dominance, Sputniknews.com, 16 February 2018 (accessed on 22 October 2019)
  8. ^ Louise Nordström, Sweden eyes cobalt mining on home turf, Thelocal.se, 15 February 2018 (accessed on 22 October 2019)
  9. ^ Geological Survey of Sweden is ready to exchange experiences from Ukraine with Ukraine, Geo.gov.ua, 21 november 2018 (accessed 22 October 2019)
  10. ^ New research supports volcanic origin of Kiruna-type iron ores, Sciencedaily.com, 12 April 2019 (accessed 22 October 2019)
  11. ^ a b c d UN National Reports: Mining, Un.org (accessed on 22 October 2019)
  12. ^ Nicolas Rander, The Search for Battery Riches Starts Here, Bloomberg.com, 29 August 2018 (accessed on 9 October 2019)
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