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==Ethnicity==
==Ethnicity==
[[File:Margarita de Castro e Souza genealogy and descent.JPG|thumb|300px|Madragana as ancestress of [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], wife of king George III of England]]
[[File:Margarita de Castro e Souza genealogy and descent.JPG|thumb|300px|Madragana as ancestress of [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], wife of king George III of England]]
There is some controversy regarding her ethnicity. [[:pt:Duarte Nunes de Leão|Duarte Nunes de Leão]], a Portuguese royal chronicler of the 16th century, said that Madragana was a [[Moors|Moor]].<ref>[http://purl.pt/15305/3/ LEAO, Duarte Nunes de, Primeira parte das Chronicas dos reis de Portvgal (sheet 97)]</ref> That was disputed in the 18th century by [[:pt:António Caetano de Sousa|António Caetano de Sousa]].<ref>[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_GbBBAAAAcAAJ <!-- quote=Historia Genealógica da casa Real Portugueza tomo xii. --> Sousa, António Caetano de, História Genealógica da Casa Real Portuguesa, Tomo XII, Parte II (pages 702 and 703)]</ref> She was probably [[Mozarab]].<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/brasesdasalade01braauoft#page/206/mode/2up/search/sousa Freire, Anselmo Braancamp, Brasões da Sala de Sintra, Vol I, pages 206-207]</ref><ref>Felgueiras Gayo & Carvalhos de Basto, Nobiliário das Famílias de Portugal, Braga, 1989</ref><ref>Pizarro, José Augusto de Sotto Mayor, Linhagens Medievais Portuguesas, 3 vols., Porto, Universidade Moderna, 1999.</ref><ref>[http://www.soveral.info/mas/Souza%20do%20Prado.htm Soveral, Manuel Abranches de, "Origem dos Souza ditos do Prado", in Machado de Vila Pouca de Aguiar. Ascendências e parentescos da Casa do Couto d'Além em Soutelo de Aguiar, Porto, 2000]</ref> Nonetheless, this supposed Moorish connection gave rise to a claim that the royal family of England had African ancestry via the 15-generation descent of Queen [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], wife of [[George III of the United Kingdom]],<ref>{{cite book|title=African Impact Historical Cross Reference|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HFCFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&dq=alfonso+III+portugal+Charlotte+of+Mecklenburg-Strelitz&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwinp4KZzdjhAhVdGLkGHb7YDdYQ6AEIOzAC#v=onepage&q=alfonso%20III%20portugal%20Charlotte%20of%20Mecklenburg-Strelitz&f=false|year= |publisher=Joseph Johnson}}</ref> from Madragana, giving the Queen what the proponent described as the appearance of a '[[mulatto]]'.<ref name=pbs>Mario de Valdes y Cocom, [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/secret/famous/royalfamily.html "The blurred racial lines of famous families - Queen Charlotte"], PBS Frontline.</ref> However, it is far from clear that Madragana's family was of African descent origin,<ref>{{cite book|title=Killing England:|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4dFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33&dq=afonso+iii+portugal++Mourana+Gil&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjau4SsyNjhAhUbILkGHZBGC4oQ6AEIOjAC#v=onepage&q=afonso%20iii%20portugal%20%20Mourana%20Gil&f=false|year= |publisher=Bill O'Reilly, Martin Dugard}}</ref> nor is it likely that were she African, Madragana's negligible contribution to Charlotte's genetic makeup would have caused the Queen alone, among all of Madgarana's descendants at this distant time to display distinctive African features.<ref name='jeffries'>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/12/race-monarchy Stuart Jeffries, "Was this Britain's first black queen?"] ''The Guardian'', 12 March 2009.</ref>
There is some controversy regarding her ethnicity. [[:pt:Duarte Nunes de Leão|Duarte Nunes de Leão]], a Portuguese royal chronicler of the 16th century, said that Madragana was a [[Moors|Moor]].<ref>[http://purl.pt/15305/3/ LEAO, Duarte Nunes de, Primeira parte das Chronicas dos reis de Portvgal (sheet 97)]</ref> That was disputed in the 18th century by [[:pt:António Caetano de Sousa|António Caetano de Sousa]].<ref>[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_GbBBAAAAcAAJ <!-- quote=Historia Genealógica da casa Real Portugueza tomo xii. --> Sousa, António Caetano de, História Genealógica da Casa Real Portuguesa, Tomo XII, Parte II (pages 702 and 703)]</ref> She was probably [[Mozarab]].<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/brasesdasalade01braauoft#page/206/mode/2up/search/sousa Freire, Anselmo Braancamp, Brasões da Sala de Sintra, Vol I, pages 206-207]</ref><ref>Felgueiras Gayo & Carvalhos de Basto, Nobiliário das Famílias de Portugal, Braga, 1989</ref><ref>Pizarro, José Augusto de Sotto Mayor, Linhagens Medievais Portuguesas, 3 vols., Porto, Universidade Moderna, 1999.</ref><ref>[http://www.soveral.info/mas/Souza%20do%20Prado.htm Soveral, Manuel Abranches de, "Origem dos Souza ditos do Prado", in Machado de Vila Pouca de Aguiar. Ascendências e parentescos da Casa do Couto d'Além em Soutelo de Aguiar, Porto, 2000]</ref> Nonetheless, this supposed Moorish connection gave rise to a claim by Mario de Valdes y Cocom that the royal family of England had African ancestry via the 15-generation descent of Queen [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], wife of [[George III of the United Kingdom]],<ref>{{cite book|title=African Impact Historical Cross Reference|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HFCFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&dq=alfonso+III+portugal+Charlotte+of+Mecklenburg-Strelitz&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwinp4KZzdjhAhVdGLkGHb7YDdYQ6AEIOzAC#v=onepage&q=alfonso%20III%20portugal%20Charlotte%20of%20Mecklenburg-Strelitz&f=false|year= |publisher=Joseph Johnson}}</ref> from Madragana, giving Charlotte what the proponent described as a "conspicuously Negroid" appearance.<ref name=pbs>Mario de Valdes y Cocom, [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/secret/famous/royalfamily.html "The blurred racial lines of famous families - Queen Charlotte"], PBS Frontline.</ref> However, it is far from clear that Madragana's family was of recent African origin,<ref>{{cite book|title=Killing England:|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4dFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33&dq=afonso+iii+portugal++Mourana+Gil&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjau4SsyNjhAhUbILkGHZBGC4oQ6AEIOjAC#v=onepage&q=afonso%20iii%20portugal%20%20Mourana%20Gil&f=false|year= |publisher=Bill O'Reilly, Martin Dugard}}</ref> nor is it likely that, if she were African, Madragana's negligible contribution to Charlotte's genetic makeup would have caused the Queen alone, among all of Madgarana's descendants at this distant time to display distinctive African features.<ref name='jeffries'>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/12/race-monarchy Stuart Jeffries, "Was this Britain's first black queen?"] ''The Guardian'', 12 March 2009.</ref>


Madragana bore Afonso two known children:
Madragana bore Afonso two known children:

Revision as of 01:53, 24 February 2020

Madragana Ben Aloandro, later Maior or Mór Afonso (born c. 1230, Faro, Algarve, Portugal), was a woman from the Algarve known as a mistress to king Afonso III of Portugal, in the 13th century, when he ended the Reconquista in Portugal by taking Faro in 1249. Faro was at that time the last part of the Kingdom of the Algarve still in Muslim hands, and there her father was the Qadi.[1]

Christening

She was christened in time,[2] receiving her new name as Maior Afonso, or Mor Afonso, Mor being short for Maior, a common female name in medieval Portuguese. Afonso was given her in baptism as her new patronymic, meaning "the daughter of" Afonso - and that suggests that her elderly royal lover was also her godfather, that she took his spiritual "fatherhood" when christened. Her father's name was Aloandro Ben Bekar (also known in Portuguese as Aloandro or Aldroando Gil after his christening).[3]

In ancient Portuguese chronicles, Madragana was also referred to as Mouroana,[4] Mouroana Gil, and Madraganil - all of which are Christian names.[citation needed]

Ethnicity

Madragana as ancestress of Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of king George III of England

There is some controversy regarding her ethnicity. Duarte Nunes de Leão, a Portuguese royal chronicler of the 16th century, said that Madragana was a Moor.[5] That was disputed in the 18th century by António Caetano de Sousa.[6] She was probably Mozarab.[7][8][9][10] Nonetheless, this supposed Moorish connection gave rise to a claim by Mario de Valdes y Cocom that the royal family of England had African ancestry via the 15-generation descent of Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of George III of the United Kingdom,[11] from Madragana, giving Charlotte what the proponent described as a "conspicuously Negroid" appearance.[12] However, it is far from clear that Madragana's family was of recent African origin,[13] nor is it likely that, if she were African, Madragana's negligible contribution to Charlotte's genetic makeup would have caused the Queen alone, among all of Madgarana's descendants at this distant time to display distinctive African features.[14]

Madragana bore Afonso two known children:

  • Martim Afonso Chichorro (c. 1250 – after 1313), married to Inês Lourenço de Sousa (or Inês Lourenço de Valadares) (born c. 1250).[15]
  • Urraca Afonso (born c. 1260), married twice: 1st in 1265 to Pedro Anes Gago de Riba Vizela (c. 1240-1286); 2nd c. 1275 to João Mendes de Briteiros (born c. 1250).[16]

When passion with the King waned, Madragana was married to Fernão Rei. They had at least one daughter, Sancha Fernandes. Note that Rei means 'king', in Portuguese, and so Fernão Rei is believed to originally have been a servant of the king (Fernão do Rei, Ferdinand of the King).[17]

References

  1. ^ Os nossos costados:. Alberto Coelho de Araújo Sousa Machado.
  2. ^ Most probably because she had been previously christened according to the Mozarabic Rite, the re-christening being done in the Roman Rite.
  3. ^ FamÍlia (1) Beraldo. Wanderley.
  4. ^ Sometimes spelled Mourana (also in the variety Mourana Gil). Notice that the origin of the name Mourana is not the Portuguese for Moor, Mouro, but the Portuguese traditional name Ouroana, or Aureana.
  5. ^ LEAO, Duarte Nunes de, Primeira parte das Chronicas dos reis de Portvgal (sheet 97)
  6. ^ Sousa, António Caetano de, História Genealógica da Casa Real Portuguesa, Tomo XII, Parte II (pages 702 and 703)
  7. ^ Freire, Anselmo Braancamp, Brasões da Sala de Sintra, Vol I, pages 206-207
  8. ^ Felgueiras Gayo & Carvalhos de Basto, Nobiliário das Famílias de Portugal, Braga, 1989
  9. ^ Pizarro, José Augusto de Sotto Mayor, Linhagens Medievais Portuguesas, 3 vols., Porto, Universidade Moderna, 1999.
  10. ^ Soveral, Manuel Abranches de, "Origem dos Souza ditos do Prado", in Machado de Vila Pouca de Aguiar. Ascendências e parentescos da Casa do Couto d'Além em Soutelo de Aguiar, Porto, 2000
  11. ^ African Impact Historical Cross Reference. Joseph Johnson.
  12. ^ Mario de Valdes y Cocom, "The blurred racial lines of famous families - Queen Charlotte", PBS Frontline.
  13. ^ Killing England:. Bill O'Reilly, Martin Dugard.
  14. ^ Stuart Jeffries, "Was this Britain's first black queen?" The Guardian, 12 March 2009.
  15. ^ Beira Alta. Assembleia Distrital de Viseu.
  16. ^ Os nossos costados:. Alberto Coelho de Araújo Sousa Machado.
  17. ^ FamÍlia (1) Beraldo. Wanderley.
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