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'''Trudoden''' ({{lang-ru|Трудодень}}, [[portmanteau]] literally meaning ''labourday'') was a unit of value and type of accounting of quantity and quality of labor (as a [[factors of production|factor of production]]) in collective farms ([[kolkhoz]]es) of the [[Soviet Union]] in 1930 – 1966. It literally means a day of labor. It also was a form of wage payments.<ref name=melnyczuk/> |
'''Trudoden''' ({{lang-ru|Трудодень}}, [[portmanteau]] literally meaning ''labourday'') was a unit of value and type of accounting of quantity and quality of labor (as a [[factors of production|factor of production]]) in collective farms ([[kolkhoz]]es) of the [[Soviet Union]] in 1930 – 1966. It literally means a day of labor. It also was a form of wage payments, as the [[in-kind wage|in-kind compensation]] for labor equaled the amount of trudodens per given time period.<ref name=melnyczuk/> |
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Members of collective farms were paid based on the amount of trudodni (plural form) earned.<ref>Nove, A. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=S98ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA191&lpg=PA191&dq=trudoden&source=bl&ots=hUrqEixpfg&sig=_P1P8SpDcKgqTQXCkZPo-GA6kN8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_r4PT_YbcAhUH5YMKHZn9Br0Q6AEIWjAL#v=onepage&q=trudoden&f=false Was Stalin Really Necessary?: Some Problems of Soviet Economic Policy]''. Routledge, 2014. {{ISBN|9781136629488}}</ref><ref>Boterbloem, K. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XwoINDqBbOsC&pg=PA239&lpg=PA239&dq=trudoden&source=bl&ots=wvGe69Bdfz&sig=uyCAMObdopbWkFnpnLl35G6Nz_Y&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_r4PT_YbcAhUH5YMKHZn9Br0Q6AEIYDAN#v=onepage&q=trudoden&f=false Life and Death under Stalin: Kalinin Province, 1945-1953]''. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1999. {{ISBN|9780773567597}}</ref><ref>Jeffries, I. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=COtkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155&dq=trudoden&source=bl&ots=Qk_UuUSF6B&sig=p7VkLjdpTI2tRrxWChXzStD3H7U&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwio3pWUjIfcAhUk5IMKHRV7BH44FBDoAQgxMAI#v=onepage&q=trudoden&f=false The New Russia: A Handbook of Economic and Political Developments]''. Routledge, 2013. {{ISBN|9781136870651}}</ref> Payments to the collective farm members were made with natural products such as grain when and if they were able to realize their products.<ref name=melnyczuk>Melnyczuk, L. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=CufBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=trudoden&source=bl&ots=ug3TY0LG06&sig=humD5hbzrbuie8sJZe0A7VzHgx8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_r4PT_YbcAhUH5YMKHZn9Br0Q6AEIXTAM#v=onepage&q=trudoden&f=false Silent Memories, Traumatic Lives]''. Western Australian Museum, 2012. {{ISBN|9781925040029}}</ref> |
Members of collective farms were paid based on the amount of trudodni (plural form) earned.<ref>Nove, A. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=S98ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA191&lpg=PA191&dq=trudoden&source=bl&ots=hUrqEixpfg&sig=_P1P8SpDcKgqTQXCkZPo-GA6kN8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_r4PT_YbcAhUH5YMKHZn9Br0Q6AEIWjAL#v=onepage&q=trudoden&f=false Was Stalin Really Necessary?: Some Problems of Soviet Economic Policy]''. Routledge, 2014. {{ISBN|9781136629488}}</ref><ref>Boterbloem, K. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XwoINDqBbOsC&pg=PA239&lpg=PA239&dq=trudoden&source=bl&ots=wvGe69Bdfz&sig=uyCAMObdopbWkFnpnLl35G6Nz_Y&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_r4PT_YbcAhUH5YMKHZn9Br0Q6AEIYDAN#v=onepage&q=trudoden&f=false Life and Death under Stalin: Kalinin Province, 1945-1953]''. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1999. {{ISBN|9780773567597}}</ref><ref>Jeffries, I. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=COtkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155&dq=trudoden&source=bl&ots=Qk_UuUSF6B&sig=p7VkLjdpTI2tRrxWChXzStD3H7U&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwio3pWUjIfcAhUk5IMKHRV7BH44FBDoAQgxMAI#v=onepage&q=trudoden&f=false The New Russia: A Handbook of Economic and Political Developments]''. Routledge, 2013. {{ISBN|9781136870651}}</ref> Payments to the collective farm members were made with natural products such as grain, often of a [[bran|very poor quality]], when and if they were able to realize their products.<ref name=melnyczuk>Melnyczuk, L. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=CufBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=trudoden&source=bl&ots=ug3TY0LG06&sig=humD5hbzrbuie8sJZe0A7VzHgx8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_r4PT_YbcAhUH5YMKHZn9Br0Q6AEIXTAM#v=onepage&q=trudoden&f=false Silent Memories, Traumatic Lives]''. Western Australian Museum, 2012. {{ISBN|9781925040029}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 11:59, 28 October 2020
Trudoden (Russian: Трудодень, portmanteau literally meaning labourday) was a unit of value and type of accounting of quantity and quality of labor (as a factor of production) in collective farms (kolkhozes) of the Soviet Union in 1930 – 1966. It literally means a day of labor. It also was a form of wage payments, as the in-kind compensation for labor equaled the amount of trudodens per given time period.[1]
Members of collective farms were paid based on the amount of trudodni (plural form) earned.[2][3][4] Payments to the collective farm members were made with natural products such as grain, often of a very poor quality, when and if they were able to realize their products.[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b Melnyczuk, L. Silent Memories, Traumatic Lives. Western Australian Museum, 2012. ISBN 9781925040029
- ^ Nove, A. Was Stalin Really Necessary?: Some Problems of Soviet Economic Policy. Routledge, 2014. ISBN 9781136629488
- ^ Boterbloem, K. Life and Death under Stalin: Kalinin Province, 1945-1953. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1999. ISBN 9780773567597
- ^ Jeffries, I. The New Russia: A Handbook of Economic and Political Developments. Routledge, 2013. ISBN 9781136870651