Scaled spinetail: Difference between revisions
Feel free to correct any errors, English isn't my native language, so there might be mistakes. I have added the following sections: Description + Distribution and habitat + Diet and foraging + Conservation status. I also changed the IUCN citation because it was old and I used some parts of the current version as reference. |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
==Distribution and habitat== |
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The scaled spinetail is endemic to the east Amazon River in Brazil, ranging from extreme eastern [[Amazonas]], eastern to southern [[Amapá]] and Mexiana Island in [[Pará]].<ref name="IUCN"/> |
The scaled spinetail is endemic to the east Amazon River in Brazil, ranging from extreme eastern [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]], eastern to southern [[Amapá]] and Mexiana Island in [[Pará]].<ref name="IUCN"/> |
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It inhabits flooded [[tropical evergreen forest]], restricted to the [[undergrowth]] and midstory of Brazilian [[várzea forest]]s (seasonally flooded forests).<ref name="BOW"/> It ranges from 0–200 m elevation.<ref name="IUCN"/> |
It inhabits flooded [[tropical evergreen forest]], restricted to the [[undergrowth]] and midstory of Brazilian [[várzea forest]]s (seasonally flooded forests).<ref name="BOW"/> It ranges from 0–200 m elevation.<ref name="IUCN"/> |
Revision as of 11:41, 30 November 2020
Scaled spinetail | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Furnariidae |
Genus: | Cranioleuca |
Species: | C. muelleri
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Binomial name | |
Cranioleuca muelleri Hellmayr, 1911
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The scaled spinetail (Cranioleuca muelleri) is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. It is endemic to the lower Amazon River in Brazil, where it inhabits várzea forests and tropical or subtropical swamplands.[2]
Description
The scaled spinetail is a dark bird with scaly-looking undersides, a pale supercilium, dark brown upperparts and rufuous crown, wings and tail. The tail is graduated, with basally stiffened rectrices, pointed at tips.[3] Breast and belly are very pale buff-brown; the feathers of throat, breast and belly are edged dark olive, creating a coarse, scaled appearance.[4][5]
It measures 14–15 cm (5.5–5.9 in) in length.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The scaled spinetail is endemic to the east Amazon River in Brazil, ranging from extreme eastern Amazonas, eastern to southern Amapá and Mexiana Island in Pará.[1]
It inhabits flooded tropical evergreen forest, restricted to the undergrowth and midstory of Brazilian várzea forests (seasonally flooded forests).[3] It ranges from 0–200 m elevation.[1]
Diet and foraging
Its diet consists mainly on arthropods. The species usually forages in pairs, sometimes with mixed-species flocks, searching for insects, which it typically gleans from the bark and riverine debris, from undergrowth to mid-storey. It hitches along small branches.[3] During the flood season, the spinetail remains in the middle of the canopy near the water line, looking for insects floating upstream on rafts of vegetation.[6]
Conservation status
The scaled spinetail has been classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It is a poorly known and apparently uncommon species,[3] and the population is likely to be relatively small. Based on a model of future deforestation in the Amazon basin,[7] this species is expected to lose about half of its available habitat over three generations.[3]
The primary threat to this species is accelerating deforestation in the Amazon basin as land is cleared for cattle ranching and soy production, facilitated by expansion of the road network; it is thought likely to be particularly susceptible to fragmentation and edge effects.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2016). "Cranioleuca muelleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ "Synallaxe écaillé - Cranioleuca muelleri - Scaled Spinetail". www.oiseaux.net.
- ^ a b c d e f Remsen, Jr., J. V.; Sharpe, C.J. (2020). "Scaled Spinetail (Cranioleuca muelleri)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D. A.; de Juana, L. (eds.). Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.scaspi1.01.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Ridgely, Robert S.; Tudor, Guy (2009-06-01). Field Guide to the Songbirds of South America: The Passerines. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71748-0.
- ^ Ridgely, Robert S.; Tudor, Guy; Brown, William L.; Fund, World Wildlife (1989). The Birds of South America: Vol. II, The Suboscine Passerines. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-77063-8.
- ^ "Gurupa Várzea". One Earth.
- ^ Soares-Filho, B. S.; Nepstad, D. C.; Curran, L. M.; Cerqueira, G. C.; Garcia, R. A.; Ramos, C. A.; Voll, E.; McDonald, A.; Lefebvre, P.; Schlesinger, P. (March 2006). "Modelling conservation in the Amazon basin". Nature. 440 (7083): 520–523. doi:10.1038/nature04389. ISSN 0028-0836. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)