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In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number...

RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is a public-key cryptosystem, one of the oldest widely used for secure data transmission. The initialism "RSA" comes from the...

The history of mathematics deals with the origin of discoveries in mathematics and the mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern...

Look up trapezoid in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In geometry, a trapezoid (/ˈtræpəzɔɪd/) in North American English, or trapezium (/trəˈpiːziəm/) in...

In ordinary language, an average is a single number or value that best represents a set of data. The type of average taken as most typically representative...

Minmax (sometimes Minimax, MM or saddle point) is a decision rule used in artificial intelligence, decision theory, game theory, statistics, and philosophy...

Algebra can essentially be considered as doing computations similar to those of arithmetic but with non-numerical mathematical objects. However, until...

In geometry, a Coxeter–Dynkin diagram (or Coxeter diagram, Coxeter graph) is a graph with numerically labeled edges (called branches) representing a Coxeter...

In differential calculus, there is no single uniform notation for differentiation. Instead, various notations for the derivative of a function or variable...

Brahmagupta (c. 598 – c. 668 CE) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He is the author of two early works on mathematics and astronomy: the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta...

A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people)...

Approximations for the mathematical constant pi (π) in the history of mathematics reached an accuracy within 0.04% of the true value before the beginning...

Mathematics emerged independently in China by the 11th century BCE. The Chinese independently developed a real number system that includes significantly...

In mathematics, transfinite numbers or infinite numbers are numbers that are "infinite" in the sense that they are larger than all finite numbers. These...

A multiplication algorithm is an algorithm (or method) to multiply two numbers. Depending on the size of the numbers, different algorithms are more efficient...

bcrypt is a password-hashing function designed by Niels Provos and David Mazières, based on the Blowfish cipher and presented at USENIX in 1999. Besides...

In mathematics, the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process is a stochastic process with applications in financial mathematics and the physical sciences. Its original...

Causal inference is the process of determining the independent, actual effect of a particular phenomenon that is a component of a larger system. The main...

A megaprime is a prime number with at least one million decimal digits. Other terms for large primes include "titanic prime", coined by Samuel Yates in...

Counting rods (筭) are small bars, typically 3–14 cm (1" to 6") long, that were used by mathematicians for calculation in ancient East Asia. They are placed...