Anna Utenhoven
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Comment: Eh, just add inline citations next to that information and it should be good. Bkissin (talk) 14:44, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
- Comment: @Bkissin: Her being the last person executed for heresy is in both the first and third sources. All the other information is in the first source. I could have cited more from multiple sources, but I found they mostly repeated the same information. Do you still want me to change anything? —Naddruf (talk ~ contribs) 02:42, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
- Comment: Reference #2 seems like a great source! Do you have a source that verifies she was the last person executed for heresy? In fact, the first three paragraphs of the article have a lot of unreferenced information in them. Clean that up a little and I'll accept. Bkissin (talk) 02:22, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
I did not translate this article but wrote it independently from English language sources.
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Anna Utenhoven (In Dutch, Anneken van den Hove, Ghent, 1552 - Vilvoorde, July 17, 1597) was an Anabaptist woman in the Spanish Netherlands who was martyred for her faith. She was buried alive in 1597, and the last person executed for heresy in the Low Countries.[1]
In the late 1580s, Utenhoven worked as a servant for the two Rampart sisters in Brussels. She did not attend mass or confession, and the parish priest concluded that she was an Anabaptist or associated with the Family of Love, both of which were considered heresy.[2]
As Utenhoven declined to recant her religious beliefs, which were illegal under Catholic Habsburg rule, the priest ordered the civil authorities from the Council of Brabant to arrest her on December 21, 1594. An ecclesiastical court found her guilty, and condemned her to death by burial, the punishment prescribed for female heretics, which had not been used since the 1570s. She was held in the Treurenberch, the Council of Brabant's prison. Archbishop Mathias Hovius, who was appointed in February 1596, was committed to protecting Catholicism in the mixed-faith Spanish Netherlands, and he visited Utenhoven to convince her to recant. Hovius worried that she spread heretical ideas in prison, and her stay must be ended either through her conversion or her death.[2]
In March 1597, Albert VII, governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, wrote a letter to the Council of Brabant, urging Utenhoven's execution.[2] In July 1597, she was visited by Jesuits, who asked her to convert to Catholicism and be freed.[3] She refused, and also declined their offer of six months more time in which to make up her mind. She was buried alive on July 17, 1597. During the burial, she was given repeated chances to recant her faith and be freed, but she refused each time, until her head was covered in earth.[2]
The execution was very unpopular in the Dutch Republic, and inspired anger towards the Habsburg regime.[2] Utenhoven was the last person executed for heresy in the Low Countries, and in 1609, the punishment for heresy was changed to exile.[1]
Sources
- ^ a b Christman, Victoria (2018). Topographies of tolerance and intolerance : responses to religious pluralism in Reformation Europe. Edited by Marjorie Elizabeth Plummer and Victoria Christman. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-90-04-37130-9. OCLC 1050455310.
- ^ a b c d e Harline, Craig; Put, Eddy (2000). A bishop's tale : Mathias Hovius among his flock in seventeenth-century Flanders. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13054-6. OCLC 191932634.
- ^ Braght, Thieleman Janszoon van (1660). "Death of Anneken van den Hove". Martyrs Mirror (in Dutch). Translated by Sohm, Joseph F. pp. 2016–2018.