User:Melaniejaime/sandbox
The Akebono satellite, also known as EXOS-D previous to its launch, is a satellite designed to study the Earth’s magnetosphere [attaching definition] and aurora (polar lights).[1] [8] The satellite’s observations have been carried out for more than 13 years since March of 1989.[1][Include or replace?] Akebono was founded by the Japanese national research organization of astrophysics: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). The satellite was first launched on February 22, 1989 by the M-3SII-4 launch vehicle from the Uchinoura Space Center (USC).[2] [9] The expected target life of the satellite was a year, but exceeded such a goal and remained in operation for 26 years and two months.[2] [9]
Contents:
Origin
Component [May include a subcategory]
Observations
Termination
Origin:
Akebono, meaning “the dawn”, is the fourth satellite within the EXOS series of satellites that were launched by ISAS to investigate the Earth’s upper atmosphere. [3][11] The satellite’s intention is dedicated to studying auroral particle acceleration as well as related over the polar region.[4][12] For maximum data coverage, four ground stations track Akebono’s path[3]11]:
- The Kagoshima Space Center (Japan)
- Esrange Space Center (Sweden)
- Prince Albert Satellite Station (Canada)
- Syowa station (Antarctica)
Components: [should I include more definitions for these terms?]
The 8 instruments onboard the Akebono include:
Electric field detector (EFD) (measures the vector electric field through standard double probe technique as well as new ion beam technique)[5][4]
Magnetic field detector (MGF)
Very low frequency plasma wave detectors (VLF)
Plasma wave detectors in high frequency range and sounder (PWS)
Low energy particle spectra analyzer (LEP)
Suprathermal mass spectrometer (SMS)
Temperature and energy distribution of plasma (TED)
Auroral television camera (ATV)
Akebono carries both search coil and triaxial fluxgate magnetometers (a device that measures magnetic field) along with sensors mounted on the 5-m and 3-m masts, respectively. [6][3]
To improve the quality of the electric field measurement, the satellite's surface is designed conductive to decrease possible electrical disturbances surrounding Akebono.[3]
To support the operation of the instruments, the satellite contains: [subcategory]
Two sets of 60 m tip-to-tip wire antennas
One three-axial loop antenna with a 60 cm X 60cm rectangular shaped winding
5m and 3m extensible masts
A despun-mirror system
Observations:
Akebono’s orbit covers a vast region of the plasmasphere. From 500 to 10,500 kilometers.[7] [1]
observed by the Akebono satellite in the altitude region around 3200–10,000 km (L= 1.5–3.4) in 1989 and 1990, which is the highest altitude where at which M/Q = 2 ion cyclotron whistlers have been observed till date. We discuss the ion concentration in the inner magnetosphere estimated from crossover frequencies of ion cyclotron whistlers observed by Akebono. [Need to work on revising this area, just have trouble with keeping it accurate]
- ^ a b "Akebono (satellite)", Wikipedia, 2021-01-31, retrieved 2021-10-20
- ^ a b "JAXA | Aurora Observation Satellite "AKEBONO" (EXOS-D)". JAXA | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
- ^ a b c Tsuruda, K.; Oya, H. (1991). "Introduction to the EXOS-D (Akebono) Project". Geophysical Research Letters. 18 (2): 293–295. doi:10.1029/91GL00039. ISSN 1944-8007.
- ^ Miyake, W.; Miyoshi, Y.; Matsuoka, A. (2015-12-01). "An empirical modeling of spatial distribution of trapped protons from solar cell degradation of the Akebono satellite". Advances in Space Research. 56 (11): 2575–2581. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2015.10.021. ISSN 0273-1177.
- ^ Hayakawa, H.; Okada, T.; Ejiri, M.; Kadokura, A.; Kohno, Y.-I.; Maezawa, K.; Machida, S.; Matsuoka, A.; Mukai, T.; Nakamura, M.; Nishida, A. (1990). "Electric Field Measurement on the Akebono (EXOS-D) Satellite". Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity. 42 (4): 371–384. doi:10.5636/jgg.42.371.
- ^ Fukunishi, H.; Fujii, R.; Kokubun, S.; Hayashi, K.; Tohyama, T.; Tonegawa, Y.; Okano, S.; Sugiura, M.; Yumoto, K.; Aoyama, I.; Sakurai, T. (1990). "Magnetic Field Observations on the Akebono (EXOS-D) Satellite". Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity. 42 (4): 385–409. doi:10.5636/jgg.42.385.
- ^ Matsuda, Shoya; Kasahara, Yoshiya; Goto, Yoshitaka (2015). "M/Q = 2 ion distribution in the inner magnetosphere estimated from ion cyclotron whistler waves observed by the Akebono satellite". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 120 (4): 2783–2795. doi:10.1002/2014JA020972. ISSN 2169-9402.