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John McGavock Grider

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John McGavock Grider was a fighter pilot during World War I and one of the famous American war birds who trained in England.[1][2] He is credited with downing four enemy aircraft[3] This was at the beginning of American aviation when the United States had not yet organized their own air service and defense.[4] When America entered the war in 1917, aviation only became officially established and used in war a year later in May 1918. The air service became the newest branch of the U.S. army and had few pilots that were trained to endure combat. An aviation bill was passed in July 1917 for $640 million however it would take time to build airfields and planes.[5]

At the end of the First World War, the commander of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe, General John J. Pershing named John McGavock Grider as one of his top one hundred heroes of the war.[6] His diary is one of the first published accounts of a pilot in the beginning of American aviation. He was amongst several U.S. volunteers that served in the Royal Flying Corps during World War I. In regrouping the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service it became the Royal Air Force on April 1st 1918.

Grider Army Airfield[1] is named in his honor. Grider Field, as it was known later, is now part of Pine Bluff Regional Airport.

Family

John M. Grider was born on May 28th, 1893[7] in Mississippi county, Arkansas. His parents were William Henry Grider and Susan John McGavock Grider. He had two sisters, Georgia Grider Williamson and Josephine Grider Jacobs. His wife was Margaret Samuels with whom he had two sons: navy captain / submarine commander and Congressman, George William Grider of Memphis Tennessee.[8][9] (1 Oct 1912- 20 Mar 1991) and John McGavock Grider, jr, 23 Nov 1910 - 6 Nov 1984.[10]

World War I

Grider registered for the draft during WWI on June 1st 1917 and entered the University of Illinois School of Military Aeronautics, Squadron F.[11] He and a number of volunteers were transferred from U.S. military air service to the Royal Flying Corps' no. 2 School of Military Aeronautics at Christ Church College, Oxford University.[12][13] After advanced training in Ayr in Scotland[14] John M. Grider, Elliot White Springs and Lawrence Callaghan were hand picked by the Canadian pilot, Billy Bishop[15] who was in England to organize the No. 85 Squadron RAF.[13] They were to fly the new S.E.5a fighter planes. Grider was shot down and died on June 18th, 1918.

Diary

Grider kept a diary of his experiences during the war. In it he wrote of the lives, details of rigorous training and the deaths of some the pilots either during training in England or in combat.[16] His training and combat experiences were no different than that of his fellow pilots, however, he is set apart by the records he kept between 1917 and 1918. In a few entries, he writes about his psychological state of mind and we see an early glimpse of signs of what is known today as PTSD.[3]

After the war ended, fellow pilot Elliot White Springs published a book in 1926: War Birds: Diary of an Unknown Aviator[4] but did not mention that the book was actually the diary of Grider.[17][18] Grider's sister, Josephine Grider Jacobs sued Springs, claiming the book was her brother's writing and was given a $12,500 settlement.[19][4] Springs returned the diary. However, there was a second diary that was found in Spring's private papers after he died which was never returned. This diary was written between October 3rd 1917 and February 7th 1918.[20] There is also speculation that there was even a third diary[21]

The playwright and novelist William Faulkner whom had won the prestigious Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949[22] based his screenplay A Ghost Story/War Birds which he wrote from November 1931 to May 1933, on Grider's book/diary.[19] Howard Hawks of MGM was planning to adapt the diary of Grider and asked Faulkner to write the screenplay. This was his second full-length film script. It was never published until 1982 when Bruce Kawin[23] published it along with other screenplays of Faulkner during his first period at MGM.[24] The story of a young aviator, shot down in WWI, had the heroic destiny Faulkner dreamed of.[25] The diary also inspired Ad Astra and All the Dead Pilots[26] Much of Grider's war history and family history resembled Faulkner's own.[27]

In The Collected Works of T.E. Lawrence, T.E. Lawrence writes of the book War Birds: Diary of an Unknown Aviator and states: it is a permanent book and a real and immortal part of our war with Germany, besides being the history of the beginning of military flying".[28] The book was republished in 1988 by Texas A&M University Press with John McGavock Grider as the author.[29]

Death

At 09:15 AM on June 18th 1918 Grider was last seen with his plane, an S.E.5A[30][31]in combat with enemy aircraft over Menen He was shot down between Houplines and Armentières, France.[32][13][33] His name is amongst 43 missing in action that are inscribed on a plaque at the Flanders Field American Cemetery.[34]

References

  1. ^ a b "Encyclopedia of Arkansas". Encyclopedia of Arkansas.
  2. ^ Training to Fly page 159
  3. ^ a b Magazine, Smithsonian; Wilkins, Mark. "The Dark Side of Glory". Smithsonian Magazine.
  4. ^ a b c "Encyclopedia of Arkansas". Encyclopedia of Arkansas.
  5. ^ Vaughan, David Kirk (June 25, 1998). Flying for the Air Service: The Hughes Brothers in World War I. Popular Press. ISBN 9780879727628 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ Baker, T. Harri; Browning, Jane (July 1, 2002). An Arkansas History for Young People. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 9781557287229 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ "john mcgavock grider | Search Results". Digital Public Library of America.
  8. ^ "Grider, George William (USN) - TracesOfWar.com". www.tracesofwar.com.
  9. ^ "George W. Grider - Legends of the Deep". www.warfish.com.
  10. ^ "GRIDER, JOHNC thru GRIDER, JOHNP". sortedbyname.com.
  11. ^ "Ground school photos – The Men of the Second Oxford Detachment".
  12. ^ "THE ROYAL FLYING CORPS ON THE HOME FRONT, 1914-1918". Imperial War Museums.
  13. ^ a b c "John McGavock Grider – The Men of the Second Oxford Detachment".
  14. ^ Training To Fly-Military Flight Training, page 172
  15. ^ The United States Air Force, A Turbulent History
  16. ^ The United States Air Force-A Turbulent History, page 64
  17. ^ "US Army Air Service DSC Recipients - WWI". studylib.net.
  18. ^ "Diary of an Unknown Aviator". www.onestatefilms.com.
  19. ^ a b "To Put it all into Words is a Hell of a Hard Thing: Faulkner's Adaptation of History and Fiction in A Ghost Story/War Birds, Dennis Cutchins, Literature Film Quarterly". lfq.salisbury.edu.
  20. ^ [First Eagles: The Fearless American Aces Who Flew With the RAF in WW I, page 223]
  21. ^ First Eagles: The Fearless American Aces Who Flew With the RAF in WWI
  22. ^ [Nobel Prize in Literature 1949]
  23. ^ "Bruce Kawin". English. July 5, 2018.
  24. ^ "Faulkner's War Birds / A Ghost Story" (PDF).
  25. ^ Bleikasten, André (March 1, 2017). William Faulkner: A Life through Novels. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253023322 – via Google Books.
  26. ^ [Faulkner: A Life Through Novels]
  27. ^ Solomon, Stefan (August 1, 2017). William Faulkner in Hollywood: Screenwriting for the Studios. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820351148 – via Google Books.
  28. ^ Lawrence, T. E. (June 28, 2017). The Collected Works of T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia): Seven Pillars of Wisdom + The Mint + The Evolution of a Revolt + Complete Letters (Including Translations of The Odyssey and The Forest Giant). e-artnow. ISBN 9788075836526 – via Google Books.
  29. ^ War Birds: Diary of an Unknown Aviator
  30. ^ Mills, Steve (December 27, 2019). The Dawn of the Drone: From the Back-Room Boys of World War One. Casemate. ISBN 9781612007908 – via Google Books.
  31. ^ "Royal Aircraft Factory SE5A".
  32. ^ "Grider, J.M. (John McGavock) - RAF Museum Storyvault". www.rafmuseumstoryvault.org.uk.
  33. ^ https://www.fold3.com/record/642692900/john-mcgavock-grider-airmen-died-in-the-great-warFold3
  34. ^ "Flanders Field American Cemetery | American Battle Monuments Commission". www.abmc.gov.
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