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Salma al-Shehab

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Salma al-Shehab (Arabic: سلمى الشهاب; born 1988) is a Saudi Arabian student and prisoner of conscience who was sentenced to 34 years in prison by the Specialized Criminal Court in what has been cited as the longest prison sentence ever given to a human rights activist in Saudi Arabia.[1] While al-Shehab's initial six-year sentence received relatively little press, her resentencing in August 2022 received international attention and led to criticism of the Saudi Arabian government.

Personal life

Al-Shehab is a member of Saudi Arabia's minority Shia population.[2]

At the time of her arrest in January 2021, al-Shehab was a final year dental medicine PhD student at the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom and was married with two children.[3][1][4] Prior to moving to the UK, al-Shehab was reported to have worked as a dental hygienist and as a lecturer at Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University in Riyadh.[1]

Arrest and imprisonment

In December 2020, al-Shehab retweeted several posts calling for reform in Saudi Arabia, including supporting women's right to drive;[5] the release of local activists including Loujain al-Hathloul;[4] and calling for an end to the country's male guardianship system.[6] In January 2021, while on holiday in Saudi Arabia, al-Shehab was arrested; during her appeal of her sentencing, she stated that she had been kept in custody for 285 days following her arrest before the case was referred to a criminal court, in breach of laws that time in custody should not exceed 180 days;[7] she also stated she was not given access to her lawyer and spent 13 days in solitary confinement.[8] While being held, al-Shehab alleged that her dignity had been "violated" - believed to be reference to physical or sexual assault - and that she had been pressured to say that she was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood.[8]

Al-Shehab was initially sentenced to six years in prison for using the internet to "cause public unrest and destabalise civil and national security" and was initially told she would be released after three years.[9] Her sentence was appealed by the state prosecutor for being "minor in view of her crimes", and in August 2022 her sentence was increased to 34 years, citing multiple violations of Saudi Arabia's counterterrorism and anti-cybercrime laws; including accusations of aiding dissidents by trying to "disrupt public order" and publishing "false rumours" online.[10] In addition, al-Shehab was given a 34-year travel ban from leaving the country, to start following the completion of her prison sentence.[4] Appealing the decision, al-Shehab stated that she had retweeted the posts out of "curiosity" and to "observe others' viewpoints" and queried how her Twitter account, which had around 2000 followers, could be considered significant enough to cause terrorism.[11] Al-Shehab stated her sentence had led to the "destruction" of her future and the future of her children.[12]

International reaction

In Saudi Arabia, Lina al-Hathloul of the Saudi Arabian human rights organisation ALQST stated al-Shehab's treatment demonstrated that the government was "hellbent on harshly punishing anyone who expresses their opinions freely".[7][1]

Al-Shehab's re-sentencing led to criticism of United States President Joe Biden who, after initially stating his intention to make Saudi Arabia a "pariah state" due to its human rights record, went on to meet Mohammed bin Salman, the country's de facto leader, in what al-Hathloul called "the growing rehabilitation" of the government, a few weeks prior to al-Shehab's re-sentencing.[7] In the United States, The Washington Post published an editorial in response to al-Shehab's treatment calling bin Salman's promises to Biden with regards to improving Saudi Arabia's human rights record as "a farce".[13] The US state department released a statement after al-Shehab's sentencing saying "exercising freedom of expression to advocate for the rights of women should not be criminalised".[1] Senator Dianne Feinstein tweeted she was "extremely troubled" by news of al-Shehab's sentencing.[14]

In September 2022, an open letter from 400 academics in the United Kingdom called on the British government to take "urgent action" to free al-Shehab; a government spokesperson said that ministers had raised concerns with Saudi Arabian authorities and would "continue to do so".[3] Al-Shehab's alma mater, The University of Leeds, said it was "deeply concerned" about al-Shehab's arrest.[14]

35 human rights organisations released a statement calling on international pressure to be put on Saudi Arabia to prevent a further escalation in the "crackdown on free speech" in the country.[15] The Freedom Initiative called al-Shehab's sentencing "abhorrent"; it also been alleged that al-Shehab's harsh sentencing was due in part to her belonging to Saudi Arabia's Shia minority.[16] Amnesty International reported that al-Shehab's sentence had been made to "set an example" to other activists and described her imprisonment as "cruel and unusual";[15] the British newspaper The Guardian concurred, pointing out that al-Shehab was not a notable or prominent activist and that she had relatively few social media followers.[9]

On Twitter, al-Shehab's name trended following her re-sentencing.[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Salma al-Shehab: Concern for Saudi student jailed for 34 years over tweets". BBC News. 18 August 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  2. ^ "Salma al-Shehab: Di tweets wey make Saudi goment send 34-year-old woman go 34 years jail term". BBC News Pidgin. 18 August 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  3. ^ a b Tidman, Zoe (28 September 2022). "UK academics urge government to act over Leeds student jailed in Saudi Arabia". The Independent. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Davis, Barney (29 September 2022). "British academics urge Liz Truss to free student jailed in Saudi prison". Evening Standard. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  5. ^ Delaney, Matt (17 August 2022). "Saudi woman sentenced to 34 years in prison for retweeting critics of the kingdom". The Washington Times. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  6. ^ Ott, Haley (17 August 2022). "Saudi Arabia sentences Salma al-Shehab to "unprecedented" 34-year jail term over tweets, rights groups say". CBS News. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  7. ^ a b c Alkhaldi, Celine (17 August 2022). "Saudi activist sentenced to 34 years in prison for Twitter activity". CNN. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  8. ^ a b "الغارديان: السعودية سلمى الشهاب زعمت تعرضها لسوء معاملة أثناء احتجازها". BBC News Arabic (in Arabic). 19 August 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  9. ^ a b Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (16 August 2022). "Saudi woman given 34-year prison sentence for using Twitter". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  10. ^ Debre, Isabel (18 August 2022). "Saudi student jailed for 34 years for tweeting 'rumours'". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  11. ^ Semu, Angella (18 August 2022). "Saudi rights groups condemn student Salma al-Shehab's sentence over dissident of tweets". The Maravi Post. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  12. ^ White, Stephen (19 August 2022). "Fears for British student jailed for 34 years in Saudi Arabia for using Twitter". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  13. ^ "More Saudi brutality shows that MBS's promises to Biden were a farce". The Washington Post. 16 August 2022. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  14. ^ a b c "أطول حكم سجن بحق ناشط مدني في السعودية يشعل الرأي العام". BBC News Arabic (in Arabic). 18 August 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  15. ^ a b Sharp, Jess (18 August 2022). "Salma al-Shehab: Leeds student jailed in Saudi Arabia is being used 'to set an example' and must be 'immediately released', says Amnesty International". Sky News. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  16. ^ "Saudi woman gets 34 years in prison after retweeting dissidents". CBC News. 18 August 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
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