South Boston Aquarium
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The South Boston Aquarium was a public aquarium in Boston, Massachusetts.
Previous Aquariums
Boston was one of the first cities in the U.S. to have a public aquarium in the form of the Boston Aquarial Gardens, also known as Cutting and Butler's Grand Aquaria, which opened on Bromfield Street adjacent to Boston Common in 1859.[1][2] In addition to trained Atlantic harbor seals, curious Bostonians could view wood and glass tanks containing marine life kept alive by the oxygenation provided by James Cutting's patented aerators.[3][4][2] The Aquarial Gardens existed in one form or another until P. T. Barnum closed the Barnum Aquarial Gardens on Washington Street in 1863.[5]
History
The aquarium was first proposed in the late nineteenth century by the Boston Society of Natural History as an attraction for the newly created Marine Park at City Point in South Boston.[6] However, a lack of funds after the construction of the park prevented the City of Boston from building the aquarium until 1912.[4] The architect, William Downes Austin, had also designed the Detroit Aquarium.[7] The building encompassed 8,000 square feet (740 m2) of land, and the total cost came to $135,778 ($3,943,835 in 2021).[4] It was developed alongside the Franklin Park Zoo, and both were administered by the Parks Department.
Originally intended to be cruciform-shaped like a church with a central nave and two apses, the aquarium building was ultimately "L"-shaped without the west apse.[4] A bronze weathervane in the shape of a cod topped the domed nave.[7] Inside, visitors could view 55 wooden tanks, lighted by natural sunlight during the day and electricity after dark, through plate glass windows.[7][4] A large pool for Atlantic harbor seals occupied the area under the dome, and the gallery of smaller tanks exhibited turtles, including sea turtles, and fish.[4] The freshwater exhibits were supplied by city water, while a reservoir of seawater pumped in from Boston Harbor supplied the saltwater exhibits.[4]
The aquarium, which reportedly had an annual attendance of 300,000 (and more than 15,000 visitors on its first day alone), was popular, and admission was free.[8] However, the Great Depression and World War II forced the City of Boston to reallocate most of the aquarium's funding, and Mayor John Hynes ordered the neglected facility closed on September 30th, 1954 and the remaining animals sent to other institutions.[4][8] A tennis court now stands on the former site of the aquarium.[4]
The idea of a public aquarium in Boston would remain popular, and a new, privately owned aquarium, the New England Aquarium, would open in 1969.[8]
See also
References
- ^ Gardens, Boston Aquarial (1859), Ad for Boston Aquarial Gardens, retrieved 2022-12-18
- ^ a b Ballou's Dollar Monthly Magazine. Elliott, Thomes & Talbot. 1862.
- ^ The domestic history of the learned seals, "Ned" and "Fanny" at the Boston Aquarial Gardens, 21 Bromfield Street. New York: G.A. Whitehorne, Printer, 1860.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ryan, Jerry (2002). The Forgotten Aquariums of Boston (3rd Revised ed.). ISBN 0-9711999-0-6.
- ^ Herald, New York (1863), Newspaper item related to Barnum's Aquarial Gardens, Boston, "for sale or to let", retrieved 2022-12-18
- ^ Dahill, Maureen (2019-08-13). "History Lesson: The South Boston Aquarium". Caught In Southie. Retrieved 2022-12-18.
- ^ a b c Sullivan, Jim (2007). South Boston. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-5528-7.
- ^ a b c M.A. Sen. Legislative Research Council. Report submitted by the Legislative Research Council relative to an MDC Sea Aquarium for South Boston, 1963. https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/bitstream/handle/2452/275048/ocm39986874-1963-SB-0700.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
