Caran d'Ache
Caran d'Ache | |
---|---|
![]() Photographed 1890 by Atelier Nadar | |
Born | Emmanuel Poiré 6 November 1858 Moscow, Russian Empire |
Died | 25 February 1909 Paris, France | (aged 50)
Nationality | French |
Caran d'Ache was the pseudonym of the 19th century French satirist and political cartoonist Emmanuel Poiré[1] (6 November 1858 – 25 February 1909). The pseudonym comes from Russian: карандаш, romanized: karandash meaning "pencil" in Turkic languages. While his first work glorified the Napoleonic era, he went on to create "stories without words" and as a contributor to newspapers such as the Le Figaro, he is sometimes hailed as one of the precursors of comic strips. The Swiss art products company Caran d'Ache is named after him.[2]
Biography
Born in Moscow, 6 November 1858, he was the grandson of an Officer-Grenadier in Napoleon's Grande Armée who, wounded during the Battle of Borodino, had stayed behind in Russia.[3] After his grandfather's death he was adopted by a Polish family whose daughter he later married. His younger sister, Maria Poiret, became a famous dancer and actress.
In 1877 Caran d'Ache emigrated to France where he took French citizenship and joined the Army[3] for five years where he was assigned to design uniforms for the ministry of war and where he also contributed to their journal, La Vie militaire, with satirical illustrations, among them some caricatures of the German army.[1]
In 1898 he co-founded the satirical, anti-Dreyfusard weekly magazine Psst... ! along with fellow artist and designer Jean-Louis Forain. The magazine lasted 85 issues and was made up entirely of editorial cartoons by Caran d'Ache and Forain, caricaturing society and its scandals from an antisemitic, pro-Army viewpoint.[4][5]
He died in Paris on 25 February 1909 at the age of 50.
Works
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Caran-d-ache-dreyfus-supper.jpg/220px-Caran-d-ache-dreyfus-supper.jpg)
Much of his work was contributed to La Vie Parisienne, Le Figaro illustré, La Caricature, and Le Chat Noir. He also issued various albums of sketches and posters, some listed below. and illustrated a good many books, notably Benardaky's Prince Kozakokoff.[6][1]
- 1880: His first drawings of military caricatures were published in La Chronique Parisienne.[7]
- 1892: Caran d'Ache published Carnet de Chèques ("Checkbook") on the Panama Canal Affair.
- 1895: He started publishing editorial cartoons (every Monday) in the daily Le Figaro, and soon thereafter for the popular weekly Le Rire.
- A poster for an «Exposition Russe» in Paris was published in Les Maîtres de l'Affiche.
- 1898: Caran d'Ache published the cartoon Un diner en famille ("A Family Dinner"), highlighting the intense disagreements in French society regarding the Dreyfus Affair. It appeared a month after Émile Zola's famous J'Accuse, which inflamed and hardened opinion on both sides.[8]
Sources
- ^ a b c public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Caran d'Ache". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 301. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ Caran d’Ache and the story of the black stone Archived October 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Graphic Witness. "Le Rire".
- ^ Lambeth, John. "La Caricature pendant la 3e République surtout autour de l'Affaire Dreyfus" [Caricature during the 3rd Republic especially with respect to the Dreyfus Affair]. wlu.edu (in French). Washington & Lee. Archived from the original on June 19, 2002. Retrieved November 23, 2017., quoting from Lethève, Jacques (1961). La caricature et la presse sous la IIIe République [Caricature and the Press in the 3rd Republic]. Kiosque #16 (in French). Paris: Armand Colin. OCLC 801910610.
- ^ Forain, Jean-Louis; d'Ache, Caran (10 December 2012) [1st pub. 1898-1899]. "Psst...!(Paris)". BnF Gallica (in French). Paris: Plon. Retrieved November 23, 2017 – via "Source gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France".
- ^ Benardaky. Prince Kozakokoff. Paris: Librairie Plon.
- ^ Lambiek Comiclopedia. "Caran d'Ache".
- ^ Marrus, Michael R. (1994). "'En Famille': The Dreyfus Affair and Its Myths". French Politics and Society. 12 (4). Berghahn Books: 77–90. ISSN 0882-1267. JSTOR 42844432.
The point of the cartoon—the volatility of the debate over Dreyfus, its explosive force, its capacity to divide families and by implication an entire country—is one of the most frequently made about the Affair, and one of the reasons why we remember it today, when so many other affaires have been forgotten.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Caran d'Ache biography on Lambiek Comiclopedia