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FAM86B1

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Image of FAM86B1 protein structure predicted by AlphaFold. Picture shows the FAM86 domain, the smaller of the two protein domains and consisting of several alpha helices, and the AdoMet_MTases domain, consisting of a beta sheet surrounded by a few alpha helices, as well as the separation of the two domains, which have a thin and flexible link, making the protein roughly form a "S" shape.
FAM86B1 protein structure from AlphaFold.[1][2][3]

FAM86B1

FAM86B1 is a protein, which in humans is encoded by the FAM86B1 gene. FAM86B1 is an essential gene in humans.[4] The protein contains two domains: FAM86, and AdoMet-MTase.

FAM86B1 homologs are found in most eukaryotes, from mammals to plants such as wild soybean.

Gene

Human FAM86B1

FAM86B1 in the human genome is located at 8p23.1, spanning about 12,000 base pairs. FAM86B1 contains 9 exons.[5]

8p23.1 is the location of one of the largest and most common genetic inversions in humans.[6] FAM86B1 is upregulated in inv-8p23.1.[7] In the non-inverted allele 8p23.1, FAM86B1 is on the negative strand.[8] In the allele inv-8p23.1, FAM86B1 is on the positive strand.[9]

Production

mRNA transcript

In humans, there are 20 alternative splicings of FAM86B1, and 19 mRNA transcripts.

Tissue expression

In humans, FAM86B1 is expressed ubiquitously,[10] and most strongly in brain tissues and the pituitary gland.[11]

Protein

The human FAM86B1 protein contains two domains, FAM86 and AdoMet-MTase, making FAM86B1 a member of these two protein families.[12] The human FAM86B1 gene encodes 13 protein isoforms. FAM86B1 is a non-classically secreted protein, targeted to the peroxisome by a C-terminus signal.[13]

Protein-protein interactions

FAM86B1 interacts with ubiquitin-C[14] and FAM86C1.[15]

Evolution

FAM86B1 homologs are seen in most eukaryotes, but are not found in distant plants, such as green algae. Wild soybean is the most distant species from humans with a FAM86B1 homolog.

FAM86 gene family

FAM86B1 in humans is paralogous with other FAM86 protein-coding genes.

Human FAM86 protein-coding genes
Gene symbol Gene location NCBI gene ID
EEF2KMT 16p13.3 196483
FAM86B1 8p23.1 85002
FAM86B2 8p23.1 653333
FAM86B3 8p23.1 286042
LOC128966622 8p23.1 128966622
FAM86C1 11q13.4 55199
FAM86C2 11q13.2 645332

Clinical significance

Cancer

Alternative splicings of FAM86B1 are associated with decreased relapse in rectal cancer[16] and surviving longer in glioblastoma.[17] In bladder urothelial carcinoma, a differing FAM86B1 expression pattern compared to noncancer controls is associated with surviving longer.[18] In glioma, lower survival rates are associated with downregulation of FAM86B1.[19] Loss of FAM86B1 expression is associated with uterine carcinosarcoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, and bladder urothelial carcinoma.[20]

Infection

Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is associated with downregulation of FAM86B1.[21] Enterovirus-71, a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, binds to FAM86B1.[22] FAM86B1 is upregulated after exposure to the infection agent of Candida albicans.[23]

Inflammation

FAM86B1 is upregulated after exposure to oS100A4, a potential trigger of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.[23] FAM86B1 is downregulated after remote ischemic preconditioning, which inhibits inflammation regulation.[24]

References

  1. ^ "AlphaFold Protein Structure Database". alphafold.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  2. ^ Jumper, John; Evans, Richard; Pritzel, Alexander; Green, Tim; Figurnov, Michael; Ronneberger, Olaf; Tunyasuvunakool, Kathryn; Bates, Russ; Žídek, Augustin; Potapenko, Anna; Bridgland, Alex; Meyer, Clemens; Kohl, Simon A. A.; Ballard, Andrew J.; Cowie, Andrew (August 2021). "Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold". Nature. 596 (7873): 583–589. Bibcode:2021Natur.596..583J. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34265844.
  3. ^ Varadi, Mihaly; Anyango, Stephen; Deshpande, Mandar; Nair, Sreenath; Natassia, Cindy; Yordanova, Galabina; Yuan, David; Stroe, Oana; Wood, Gemma (7 January 2022). "AlphaFold Protein Structure Database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models". Nucleic Acids Research. Volume 50, Issue D1. 50 (D1): D439–D444. doi:10.1093/nar/gkab1061. PMC 8728224. PMID 34791371. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  4. ^ Francis, Joel William; Shao, Zengyu; Narkhede, Pradnya; Trinh, Annie Truc; Lu, Jiuwei; Song, Jikui; Gozani, Or (July 2023). "The FAM86 domain of FAM86A confers substrate specificity to promote EEF2-Lys525 methylation". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 299 (7). Elsevier Inc on behalf of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: 104842. doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104842. ISSN 0021-9258. PMC 10285254. PMID 37209825.
  5. ^ "FAM86B1 family with sequence similarity 86 member B1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
  6. ^ Salm, Maximilian P.A.; Horswell, Stuart D.; Hutchison, Claire E.; Speedy, Helen E.; Yang, Xia; Liang, Liming; Schadt, Eric E.; Cookson, William O.; Wierzbicki, Anthony S.; Naoumova, Rossi P.; Shoulders, Carol C. (June 2012). "The origin, global distribution, and functional impact of the human 8p23 inversion polymorphism". Genome Research. 22 (6): 1144–1153. doi:10.1101/gr.126037.111. ISSN 1088-9051. PMC 3371712. PMID 22399572.
  7. ^ Carreras-Gallo, Natàlia; Cáceres, Alejandro; Balagué-Dobón, Laura; Ruiz-Arenas, Carlos; Andrusaityte, Sandra; Carracedo, Ángel; Casas, Maribel; Chatzi, Leda; Grazuleviciene, Regina; Gutzkow, Kristine Bjerve; Lepeule, Johanna; Maitre, Léa; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark; Slama, Remy; Stratakis, Nikos (2022-05-12). "The early-life exposome modulates the effect of polymorphic inversions on DNA methylation". Communications Biology. 5 (1): 455. doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03380-2. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 9098634. PMID 35550596.
  8. ^ "Homo sapiens genome assembly GRCh38.p14". NCBI. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  9. ^ "Homo sapiens genome assembly T2T-CHM13v2.0". NCBI. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  10. ^ "4702180 - GEO Profiles - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  11. ^ "FAM86B1 transcriptomics data - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
  12. ^ "putative protein N-methyltransferase FAM86B1 [Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  13. ^ "PSORT Users' Manual". psort.hgc.jp. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  14. ^ Kim, Woong; Bennett, Eric J; Huttlin, Edward L; Guo, Ailan; Li, Jing; Possemato, Anthony; Sowa, Mathew E; Rad, Ramin; Rush, John; Comb, Michael J; Harper, J Wade; Gygi, Steven P (2011-10-01). "Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquitin-modified proteome". Molecular Cell. 44 (2): 325–340. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.025. ISSN 1097-4164. PMC 3200427. PMID 21906983.
  15. ^ Huttlin, Edward L; Bruckner, Raphael J; Navarrete-Perea, Jose; Cannon, Joe R; Baltier, Kurt; Gebreab, Fana; Gygi, Melanie P; Thornock, Alexandra; Zarraga, Gabriela; Tam, Stanley; Szpyt, John; Gassaway, Brandon M; Panov, Alexandra; Parzen, Hannah; Fu, Sipei (2021-05-01). "Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome". Cell. 184 (11): 3022–3040.e28. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.011. ISSN 1097-4172. PMC 8165030. PMID 33961781.
  16. ^ Zhang, Zhiyuan; Ji, Meiling; lv, Yang; Feng, Qingyang; Zheng, Peng; Mao, Yihao; Xu, Yuqiu; He, Guodong; Xu, Jianmin (2020-09-01). "A signature predicting relapse based on integrated analysis on relapse-associated alternative mRNA splicing in I–III rectal cancer". Genomics. 112 (5): 3274–3283. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.021. ISSN 0888-7543. PMID 32544549.
  17. ^ Zhao, Liang; Zhang, Jiayue; Liu, Zhiyuan; Wang, Yu; Xuan, Shurui; Zhao, Peng (2021). "Comprehensive Characterization of Alternative mRNA Splicing Events in Glioblastoma: Implications for Prognosis, Molecular Subtypes, and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling". Frontiers in Oncology. 10. doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.555632. ISSN 2234-943X. PMC 7870873. PMID 33575206.
  18. ^ Yan, Jinling; Li, Peiluan; Gao, Rong; Li, Ying; Chen, Luonan (2021). "Identifying Critical States of Complex Diseases by Single-Sample Jensen-Shannon Divergence". Frontiers in Oncology. 11. doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.684781. ISSN 2234-943X. PMC 8212786. PMID 34150649.
  19. ^ Yang, Si; Zheng, Yi; Zhou, Linghui; Jin, Jing; Deng, Yujiao; Yao, Jia; Yang, Pengtao; Yao, Li; Wu, Ying; Zhai, Zhen; Li, Na; Lyu, Lijuan; Dai, Zhijun (2020-12-04). "miR-499 rs3746444 and miR-196a-2 rs11614913 Are Associated with the Risk of Glioma, but Not the Prognosis". Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids. 22: 340–351. doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2020.08.038. ISSN 2162-2531. PMC 7527625. PMID 33230439.
  20. ^ Carlson, Scott M.; Gozani, Or (2016-11-01). "Nonhistone Lysine Methylation in the Regulation of Cancer Pathways". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 6 (11): a026435. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a026435. ISSN 2157-1422. PMC 5088510. PMID 27580749.
  21. ^ Besteman, Sjanna B.; Callaghan, Amie; Langedijk, Annefleur C.; Hennus, Marije P.; Meyaard, Linde; Mokry, Michal; Bont, Louis J.; Calis, Jorg J. A. (2020-11-01). "Transcriptome of airway neutrophils reveals an interferon response in life-threatening respiratory syncytial virus infection". Clinical Immunology. 220: 108593. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108593. ISSN 1521-6616. PMID 32920212.
  22. ^ Rattanakomol, Patthaya (17 May 2021). Investigation of Role of Enterovirus A71 Nonstructural 3A Protein and Interacting Protein in Viral Replication (PDF) (Doctoral dissertation). Dissertation Advisor Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul. Dissertation Co-Advisors Wanpen Chaicumpa, Pornpimon Angkasekwinai, Pongsri Tongtawe, Potjanee Srimanote, Suganya Yongkiettrakul. Thammasat University.
  23. ^ a b Neidhart, Michel; Pajak, Agnieszka; Laskari, Katerina; Riksen, Niels P.; Joosten, Leo A. B.; Netea, Mihai G.; Lutgens, Esther; Stroes, Eric S. G.; Ciurea, Adrian; Distler, Oliver; Grigorian, Mariam; Karouzakis, Emmanuel (2019). "Oligomeric S100A4 Is Associated With Monocyte Innate Immune Memory and Bypass of Tolerance to Subsequent Stimulation With Lipopolysaccharides". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 791. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00791. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 6476283. PMID 31037071.
  24. ^ Lou, Zhiling; Wu, Weijia; Chen, Ruiheng; Xia, Jie; Shi, Haochun; Ge, Hanwei; Xue, Jiyang; Wang, Hanlei; Lin, Zhiyong; Chu, Maoping; Zhao, Qifeng (2021-01-15). "Microarray analysis reveals a potential role of lncRNA expression in remote ischemic preconditioning in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury". American Journal of Translational Research. 13 (1): 234–252. ISSN 1943-8141. PMC 7847506. PMID 33527021.
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