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Niosome

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Schematic representation of noisome prepared by sorbitan monostearate (Span-60)[1]

Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles which include non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol as an excipient.[1] Niosomes are utilized for drug delivery to specific sites to achieve desired therapeutic effects.[2] Structurally, niosomes are similar to liposomes as both consist of a lipid bilayer. However, niosomes are more stable than liposomes during formation processes and storage.[3] Niosomes can trap hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, either in an aqueous compartment (for hydrophilic drugs) or in a vesicular membrane compartment composed of lipid material (for lipophilic drugs).[3]

Structure

Niosomes, microscopic lamellar structures formed by non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol, exhibit a bilayer structure with hydrophilic ends facing outwards and hydrophobic ends facing inwards. Their unique structure makes them ideal for diverse applications, notably in drug delivery systems. Niosomes excel in encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, enhancing drug stability and bioavailability. They're adaptable for tailored drug release and have garnered interest across pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agriculture for their biocompatibility and versatile properties.[4]

Advantages of niosomes

Niosomes are advantageous for drug delivery systems due to their osmotic activity, chemical stability, and storage stability compared to liposomes.[3] They offer high compatibility and low toxicity risk with biological systems due to their non-ionic chemical bonding structures.[5] Niosomes can serve as biodegradable and non-immunogenic drug delivery compounds[6] and can entrap lipophilic drugs into vesicular bilayer membranes. They can also be used to entrap hydrophilic pharmaceuticals within aqueous compartments.[7] Niosomes can shield drug molecules from the biological environment, which can improve the therapeutic performance of various drug molecules. Additionally, they can be used in a sustained drug delivery system to more directly affect target cells and delay clearance from circulation.[5][8]

Methods of preparation

Various methods used to prepare liposomes are also suitable for niosome preparation,[1] such as the ether injection method, the handshaking method, the reverse phase evaporation method, the trans-membrane pH gradient method, the "bubble" method, the microfluidization method, formation from proteasomes,[4] the thin-film hydration method, the heating method, the freeze and thaw method, and the dehydration-rehydration method.

Applications

Niosomes have various applications, such as gene delivery,[9][10] drug targeting,[11] antineoplastic treatment,[12][13] delivery of peptide drugs, studying the immune response, carriers for hemoglobin, transdermal drug delivery systems,[14] and cosmetics.[15] They are also being studied for their potential use as a treatment for different forms of leishmaniasis[16]

References

  1. ^ a b c Moghassemi S, Hadjizadeh A (July 2014). "Nano-niosomes as nanoscale drug delivery systems: an illustrated review". Journal of Controlled Release. 185: 22–36. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.015. PMID 24747765.
  2. ^ "Drug Delivery Systems (definition)". www.reference.md. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  3. ^ a b c Ge X, Wei M, He S, Yuan WE (January 2019). "Advances of Non-Ionic Surfactant Vesicles (Niosomes) and Their Application in Drug Delivery". Pharmaceutics. 11 (2): 55. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics11020055. PMC 6410054. PMID 30700021.
  4. ^ a b Mehta A (26 December 2010). "Niosomes". Pharmaxchange.
  5. ^ a b Bruschi ML, ed. (2015). "Chapter 6: Drug delivery systems: 6.8 Niosomes". Strategies to Modify the Drug Release from Pharmaceutical Systems. Elsevier. pp. 87-194 (147–150). doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-100092-2.00006-0. ISBN 978-0-08-100092-2.
  6. ^ Chidambaram SB, Ray B, Bhat A, Mahalakshmi AM, Sunanda T, Jagadeeswari P, Gowrav MP, Chandra R, Sakharkar MK (2020). "Chapter 5: Mitochondria-targeted drug delivery in neurodegenerative diseases: 5.3 Niosomes". In Shegokar R (ed.). Delivery of Drugs. Elsevier. pp. 97–117 (105–106). doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-817776-1.00005-5. ISBN 978-0-12-817776-1. S2CID 243021998.
  7. ^ Kazi KM, Mandal AS, Biswas N, Guha A, Chatterjee S, Behera M, Kuotsu K (October 2010). "Niosome: A future of targeted drug delivery systems". Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 1 (4): 374–380. doi:10.4103/0110-5558.76435. PMC 3255404. PMID 22247876.
  8. ^ Kazi KM, Mandal AS, Biswas N, Guha A, Chatterjee S, Behera M, Kuotsu K (October 2010). "Niosome: A future of targeted drug delivery systems". Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 1 (4): 374–380. doi:10.4103/0110-5558.76435. PMC 3255404. PMID 22247876.
  9. ^ Moghassemi S, Hadjizadeh A (July 2014). "Nano-niosomes as nanoscale drug delivery systems: an illustrated review". Journal of Controlled Release. 185: 22–36. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.015. PMID 24747765.
  10. ^ Puras G, Mashal M, Zárate J, Agirre M, Ojeda E, Grijalvo S, et al. (January 2014). "A novel cationic niosome formulation for gene delivery to the retina". Journal of Controlled Release. 174: 27–36. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.004. PMID 24231407.
  11. ^ Kazi KM, Mandal AS, Biswas N, Guha A, Chatterjee S, Behera M, Kuotsu K (October 2010). "Niosome: A future of targeted drug delivery systems". Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research. 1 (4): 374–380. doi:10.4103/0110-5558.76435. PMC 3255404. PMID 22247876.
  12. ^ Moghtaderi, Maryam; Sedaghatnia, Kamand; Bourbour, Mahsa; Fatemizadeh, Mahdi; Salehi Moghaddam, Zahra; Hejabi, Faranak; Heidari, Fatemeh; Quazi, Sameer; Farasati Far, Bahareh (2022-09-29). "Niosomes: a novel targeted drug delivery system for cancer". Medical Oncology. 39 (12): 240. doi:10.1007/s12032-022-01836-3. ISSN 1559-131X.
  13. ^ Bashkeran, Thaaranni; Kamaruddin, Azlina Harun; Ngo, Trung Xuan; Suda, Kazuma; Umakoshi, Hiroshi; Watanabe, Nozomi; Nadzir, Masrina Mohd (2023-08-01). "Niosomes in cancer treatment: A focus on curcumin encapsulation". Heliyon. 9 (8): e18710. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18710. ISSN 2405-8440.
  14. ^ Aggarwal G, Goel A, Dhawan S, Shama A (2010). "Carriers/vesicles based approaches for penetration enhancement in transdermal drug delivery". Latest Review. 8 (1): 1–5.
  15. ^ US 4830857, Handjani RM, Ribier A, Vanlerberghe G, Zabotto A, Griat J, "Cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions containing niosomes and a water-soluble polyamide, and a process for preparing these compositions", issued 16 May 1989, assigned to L'Oréal 
  16. ^ Mostafavi M, Khazaeli P, Sharifi I, Farajzadeh S, Sharifi H, Keyhani A, et al. (February 2019). "A Novel Niosomal Combination of Selenium Coupled with Glucantime against Leishmania tropica". The Korean Journal of Parasitology. 57 (1): 1–8. doi:10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.1. PMC 6409218. PMID 30840792.
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