Draft:Integrated Revolutionary Organizations

The Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (spanish: Organizaciones Revolucionarias Integradas, ORI) was the shortlived revolutionary government of Cuba that was formed on July 26, 1961, as the result of a merger of the three last remaining revolutionary forces following the Cuban Revolution: the M-26-7 Movement, the Popular Socialist Party, and the Revolutionary Directorate. Purposed as an interim political entity until a true cohesive vanguard party could be established, the ORI was beset by sectarian infighting between 'old communists' Stalinists and 'new communists' Fidelistas among others. This internal conflict ultimately led to its dissolution and replacement by the PURS in May 1963.

Following the successful overthrow of Fulgencia Batista in the 1959 Cuban Revolution, Fidel Castro and his supporters sought to consolidate their newly-won power by establishing a party apparatus through which they could govern, as the loose anti-Batista coalition had quickly begun disintegrating in the revolution's aftermath. Thus in early 1961, a new vanguard party began to form with its founding being finalized in July 26, 1961, with the merger of the M-26-7 Movement, the Revolutionary Directorate, and the old communist party - the Popular Socialist Party. Due to only the PSP having actual organizational experience and veteran cadres between the three, they were entrusted with leading the ORI - namely Anibal Escalante. Within months though, Escalante betrayed this trust by using his position to pack the party with ex-PSP members, appointing his comrades into key government positions while marginalizing those from M-26-7 and the DR, making the ORI quickly become the apparatus of the PSP in all but name.

Intended by Fidel Castro as a transitional institution that would eventually lead to a unified party with the cooperation of all parties involved, PSP leader Anibal Escalante instead invisioned the ORI itself as the new party of the country and planned to integrate the Fidelistas into a stalinist-run structure. Realizing Escalante's true intentions, Fidel Castro publicly denounced his actions and expelled him from the National Directorate, assuming leadership of the ORI for himself. Escalante was sent into exile soon after.

Beset by sectarian infighting that was marked by the Escalante Affair, the ORI was eventually disbanded and reorganized into the United Party for the Socialist Revolution of Cuba (PURS) under the leadership of Fidel Castro. From 1963 through 1965, mass purges of the party membership was done.