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The Heritage sites of the Azores, a sub-section of the Portuguese National Monuments, date back to the early discovery and settlement of the islands of the Azores. Through successive historical events the archipelago of the Azores, has witnessed several phases of construction associated with defensive structures, homes and places of worship to suit their requirements and means. The formal organization of the Portuguese state resulted in a process to qualify and quantify those structures that have had an intrinsic value to the Portuguese culture.

Starting with the Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (DGMEN), and later by the Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico (IGESPAR), the Portuguese government developed a registry of national monuments that includes a rich heritage of historical patrimony throughout the country. Following the implementation of a Autonomy Statute (which was also implemented in Madeira), the designation and protection of regional patrimony was transferred to the responsibility of the Secretaria de Cultura (Secretariate for Cultura).

This is a compilation of those structures that are designated as National Monuments (Portuguese: Monumentos Nacionais) or Property of Public Interest (Portuguese: Imóveis de Interesse Público), of a regional nature.

History

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With the rise of the Portuguese state after the beginning of the Age of Discovery, Portuguese architecture expanded under the patronage of the wealthy kings, nobility, powerful clergy and through the many battles with rivals such as Castile, the French and Dutch. The settlement and growth of Portuguese settlements in the Azores, by mainly poor rural settlers and second-tier nobility resulted in a simple patrimony consisting of small bungalow-like homes, two-storey dwellings with mixed house-and-barn or semi-palatial houses and manors. In addition, the administrative and religious functions constructed semi-ornate structures to govern their political or spiritual functions, resulting in grande palaces, municipal halls, impérios, convents and churches, while along many of the settlements of these islands, there were wayside shrines, crosses and pillories. Although many of the prominent buildings were destroyed, rebuilt, re-purposed and closed on the whims of the monarchy, the islands were also affected by natural calamities that spared little of the original structures.

Monuments

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While the Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico (IGESPAR) (Institute for the Management of Architectural and Archaeological Heritage), has been responsible for classifying and promoting the restoration of these national treasures, with the autonomy of the islands of Madeira and the Azores in 1975, these responsibilities have been transferred to the regional authority, and in particular the Direcção Regional de Cultura (General-Directorate for Culture).

Owing to its relative value and importance, the cultural property may be listed as or national, public or municipal interest.[1] In addition, these definitions are also defined in terms of being monuments, groups of buildings or sites, based on existing international conventions. IGESPAR regularly proposes the listing of new assets based on its mission to safeguard national heritage. As time goes by, a wide variety of new buildings and groups of structures of varying typologies have been added to the national register of monuments, such modernist architecture, vernacular landscapes, archaeological sites, monastic buildings/structures, historical gardens, and more recently human-built business and industrial establishments.[1]

The listing process follows a strict procedure defined by Decree-Law no. 309/2009 (23 October 2009), which entered into force in January 2010.[1]

IGESPAR also monitors and participates in the UNESCO registry of World Heritage Sites as a member state: there are 13 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in territory of Portugal.[2] Similarly, eleven assets in the UNESCO world heritage list of 878 sites were former Portuguese possessions at one time, spread across three continents (Africa, America and Asia) associated with period of Portuguese Discoveries.[3]

In the following list patrimony preceded by an Azorean flag, are considered property, landmarks or monuments with patrimonial interest in the Azores:

Civic

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  • An example of the local farm-style home in the Forest Park of Prainha, São Roque do Pico
    An example of the local farm-style home in the Forest Park of Prainha, São Roque do Pico
  • The historic Paços do Concelho (municipal palace) of the municipality of Praia da Vitória
    The historic Paços do Concelho (municipal palace) of the municipality of Praia da Vitória
  • The palatial estate house of Madre de Deus, in the historic centre of Sé
    The palatial estate house of Madre de Deus, in the historic centre of Sé
  • The Regional Legislative Assembly building of the Azores, located in the town of Horta
    The Regional Legislative Assembly building of the Azores, located in the town of Horta
Corvo
Faial
Flores
Graciosa
Pico
Santa Maria
São Jorge
São Miguel
Terceira

Military

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  • The secondary defense of Porto Pim, the 17th century Fort of São Sebastião
    The secondary defense of Porto Pim, the 17th century Fort of São Sebastião
  • The ornate Castilian fortress of São João Baptista on Monte Brasil in Angra
    The ornate Castilian fortress of São João Baptista on Monte Brasil in Angra
  • The isolated fort of Santa Catarina along the coast of Cabo da Praia
    The isolated fort of Santa Catarina along the coast of Cabo da Praia
  • The abandoned LORAN station in the municipality of São Pedro, island of Santa Maria
    The abandoned LORAN station in the municipality of São Pedro, island of Santa Maria
Corvo
Faial
Flores
  • Battery of Alagoa (Cedros, Santa Cruz das Flores)
  • Battery of Lomba (Lomba, Lajes das Flores)
  • Battery of Ponta da Caveira (Caveira, Santa Cruz das Flores)
  • Bateria do Cais (Lajes das Flores) (Lajes das Flores, Lajes das Flores)
  • Bateria sobre o Alto de Ponta Delgada (Santa Cruz das Flores) (Ponta Delgada, Santa Cruz das Flores)
  • Forte de Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Ilha das Flores) (?, ?)
  • Forte de Nossa Senhora do Rosário (Lajes das Flores) (Lajes das Flores, Lajes das Flores)
  • Forte de Santo António (Lajes das Flores) (Lajes das Flores, Lajes das Flores)
  • Forte de São Francisco (Ilha das Flores) (Santa Cruz das Flores, Santa Cruz das Flores)
  • Forte de São Francisco Xavier (Ilha das Flores) (?,?)
  • Forte de São Pedro de Ponta Delgada (Santa Cruz das Flores) (Ponta Delgada, Santa Cruz das Flores)
  • Forte de São Sebastião sobre a Ribeira da Cruz (Caveira, Santa Cruz das Flores)
  • Forte do Espírito Santo (Lajes das Flores) (Lajes das Flores, Lajes das Flores)
  • Forte do Estaleiro da Fajã Grande (Fajã Grande, Lajes das Flores)
  • Forte do Monte do Maio (?, ?)
  • Redoubt of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios (Santa Cruz das Flores, Santa Cruz das Flores)
  • Fortim de São Caetano (Ilha das Flores) (?, ?)
  • Vigia do Portinho (Santa Cruz das Flores, Santa Cruz das Flores)
Graciosa
Pico
Santa Maria
São Jorge
São Miguel
Terceira

Religious

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  • The ornate Império of Porto Martins, used in the traditional Holy Spirit Festivals that mark the period after Pentecosts
    The ornate Império of Porto Martins, used in the traditional Holy Spirit Festivals that mark the period after Pentecosts
  • One of the earliest places of worship on the island of Santa Maria, the Chapel of Nossa Senhora dos Anjos
    One of the earliest places of worship on the island of Santa Maria, the Chapel of Nossa Senhora dos Anjos
  • The distinctive blue façade of the Church of the Misericórdia at the City Gates of Angra
    The distinctive blue façade of the Church of the Misericórdia at the City Gates of Angra
  • The imposing façade of the Church of Jesuit College, in São José, on the island of São Miguel
    The imposing façade of the Church of Jesuit College, in São José, on the island of São Miguel
Corvo
Faial
Flores
Graciosa
Pico
Santa Maria
São Jorge
São Miguel
Terceira

References

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Notes
  1. ^ a b c Heritage listing, Lisbon, Portugal: IGESPAR - Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico, 2011, retrieved 22 July 2011
  2. ^ World Heritage in Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal: IGESPAR - Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico, 2011, retrieved 22 July 2011
  3. ^ World Cultural Heritage of Portuguese Origin, Lisbon, Portugal: IGESPAR - Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico, 2011, retrieved 22 July 2011
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