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Michael Szilágyi

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The native form of this personal name is horogszegi Szilágyi Mihály. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Michael Szilágyi
Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary
Reign20 January 1458 – August 1459
Ban of Macsó
Reign1457–1458
PredecessorNicholas of Ilok and
Paul Herceg de Szekcső
SuccessorNicholas Dombai and
Peter Szokoli
Bornc. 1400
Died1460
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
(today Istanbul, Turkey)
SpouseMargit Báthory
HouseHouse of Szilágyi
FatherLadislaus Szilágyi
MotherKatalin Bellyéni
SignatureMichael Szilágyi's signature

Michael Szilágyi de Horogszeg (Template:Lang-hu; c. 1400 – 1460) was a Hungarian general who was Regent of Hungary, Count of Beszterce[1] and Head of Szilágyi–Hunyadi Liga.

Family

He was born in the early 15th century as vice-ispán of Bács County,[2] son of the captain of Srebrenik, Ladislaus Szilágyi and Catherine Bellyéni. The common noble family derived its name of Horogszegi from its estate in the county of Temes. His sister, Elisabeth, was John Hunyadi's wife.[3] Miguel Szilágyi married Margarita Báthory around 1440 (marriage from which it is known that several children were born, but none reached adulthood). Another sister of Miguel, Sofía Szilágyi married Juan Geréb, Voivode of Transylvania, who were the parents of the influential future Bishop and Archbishop Ladislaus Geréb.

Life

Michael Szilágyi began his career in his brother-in-law's service as vice-ispán (vicecomes) of Torontál County. He was the captain of the Belgrade fortress at the Ottoman siege in 1456.[3] As Ban of Macsó, he acquired a place among the barons[4][5] He is commemorated in the Serbian epic poetry as Mihajlo Svilojević[6] or sometimes "crni ban Mihail", while Ottoman chronicles referred to him as "Kara Mihal.[7]

The coat-of-arms of the Szilágyi family
Michael Szilágyi's governor signet

On 20 January 1458, Matthias Corvinus was elected king by the Parliament. This was the first time in the medieval Hungarian kingdom that a member of the nobility, without dynastic ancestry and relationship, mounted the royal throne. Such an election upset the usual course of dynastic succession in the age. In the Czech and Hungarian states they heralded a new judiciary era in Europe, characterized by the absolute supremacy of the Parliament (dietal system) and a tendency to centralization. During his reign, Matthias reduced the power of the feudal lords, and ruled instead with a cadre of talented and highly educated individuals, chosen for their abilities rather than their social status. The Diet appointed Michael Szilágyi, the new king's uncle as regent, because of Matthias' young age. Throughout 1458 the struggle between the young king and the magnates, reinforced by Matthias's own uncle and guardian Szilágyi, was acute. But Matthias, who began by deposing Garai and dismissing Szilágyi, and then proceeded to levy a tax, without the consent of the Diet, in order to hire mercenaries, easily prevailed.

Michael Szilágyi resigned the office of regent in August 1459[8] and was killed by the Ottomans after being captured by Ali Bey Mihaloğlu[9] during the battle near Baziaş in 1460.[10] Since he was considered a spy, he was tortured and sawed in half.[11]

Death

Still in that same year in Serbia, Szilágyi collided again on the battlefield against the Turkish commander Ali, between the places of Szendrő and Posasin. His small army however was soon surrounded by the Ottomans, and after a long fight, all including Szilágyi were captured by the Turks. Szilágyi was taken to Constantinople, where he was beheaded on the sultan's orders for not wanting to reveal the weak points of the Belgrade fortress.

Ancestry

Sources

  • Fraknói Vilmos: Michael Szilágyi, The uncle of King Matthias (Bp., 1913)
  • Kisfaludy Károly: Szilágyi Mihály szabadulása (színmű, Pest, 1822)
  • Vörösmarty Mihály: Szilágyi Mihály a világosi várban (vers, 1822 – 1823).

References

  1. ^ http://mek.oszk.hu/01900/01918/html/index29.html, 7 March 2015
  2. ^ Pannon Reneszánsz : A Hunyadiak és a Jagelló-kor (1437–1526). Encyclopaedia Humana Hungarica. Vol. 4. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  3. ^ a b Pannonian Renaissance : The Hunyadis and the Jagello age (1437–1526). Encyclopaedia Humana Hungarica. Vol. 4. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  4. ^ "The Angevin and Sigismund Eras" (PDF). FOR THE HOMELAND UNTO DEATH – 1100 YEARS: Hungary in the Carpathian Basin. Budapest: Zrínyi Média Nonprofit Limited. 2014. p. 186. ISBN 9789633275207. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  5. ^ Hungarian Catholic Lexicon
  6. ^ Zoran Kolundžija (2008). Vojvodina: Od najstarijih vremena do velike seobe. Prometej. p. 156. ISBN 9788651503064. Retrieved 9 September 2013. Од стране Мађара борили су се и остали, у успомени нашег народа, Вуча ђенерал, Филип Мађарин, Сибињанин Јанко, Михајло Свилојевић и Дојчин Петар.
  7. ^ Božidar Blagojević (1984). Zbornik radova sa naučnih skupova u Negotinu i Kladovu povodom obeležavanja 170 godina od pogibije Hajduk-Veljka Petrovića i 150 godina oslobođenja od Turaka. Izd. Međuopštinska konferencija SSRN Zaječar, Balkanološki institut SANU. p. 36. Retrieved 10 September 2013. ... наше народне песме га зову понекад "црни бан Михаил" а турске хронике "Кара Михал"
  8. ^ Skvarna, Dusan; Bartl, Julius; Cicaj, Viliam; Kohutova, Maria; Letz, Robert; Seges, Vladimir (1 June 2000). Slovak History Chronology & Lexicon. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 51. ISBN 9780865164444.
  9. ^ Suvajdžić, Boško (2004). "Three good heroes" (PDF). Prilozi za književnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor. 70: 32. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  10. ^ MaCartney, Carlile Aylmer (1962). "The Beginnings". Hungary A Short History. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9781175711793. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  11. ^ Prilozi proučavanju narodne poezije. 1935. p. 123. 1460 у боју код данашњег Базијаша по- тукао је Мађаре и заробио њиховог вођу Михаила Силађија (Свило- јевић у нар. песмама), те је од султана као награду добио Видински санџак.
Michael Szilágyi
Born: c. 1400 Died: 1460
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Nicholas of Ilok
Paul Herceg de Szekcső
 Ban of Macsó
served alongside Nicholas of Ilok
1457–1458 		Succeeded by
Nicholas Dombai
Peter Szokoli
Vacant
Title last held by
John Hunyadi 		Regent of Hungary
1458–1459 		Vacant
Title next held by
Lodovico Gritti
Preceded by Count of Beszterce (Bistrița)
1458–1460 		Vacant
Political offices
New title Head of Szilágyi–Hunyadi Liga
with his sister Erzsébet Szilágyi 		Vacant
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