Janthina
| Janthina | |
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| A drawing of a live Janthina janthina with its bubble raft intact | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Epitonioidea |
| Family: | Epitoniidae |
| Genus: | Janthina Röding, 1798 |
| Species | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Janthina is a genus of small to medium-sized pelagic or planktonic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Epitoniidae.[1][2]
Distribution
[edit]Species in this genus occur worldwide in tropical, subtropical and warm seas.
Description
[edit]These snails are pelagic and live at the surface of the ocean. Adult snails may not be capable of swimming, and die when they are detached from their rafts; Janthina janthina larvae, however, actively swim in the water column.[3]
The adult snails prey upon (and live near to) one of several species of pelagic animals loosely known as jellyfish. More specifically they eat the medusae of free-swimming Cnidaria, in particular the genus known as "by-the-wind sailors", Velella.
The snails are able to float securely because they create a raft of clear chitin around air bubbles formed near the ocean surface. They anchor to this raft using their foot.[3] The snails do not have an operculum.
These snails are frequently washed ashore during storms.[4]
The common names for this genus derive from the light purple or violet color of the shells and the violet-colored bodies. The other genus in the family, Recluzia, has olive-tan colored shells.
Species
[edit]The five extant species of the genus Janthina
-
Janthina exigua -
Janthina globosa -
Janthina janthina -
Janthina pallida -
Janthina umbilicata
This genus has accumulated a very large number of species names over the centuries. Most of the names that have been given are in fact synonyms of just a few species which have world-wide distributions in tropical waters. Experts disagree about some details of the synonymy.
Species within the genus Janthina include:[5]
- † Janthina chavani (Ludbrook, 1978)
- Janthina exigua Lamarck, 1816 - dwarf janthina
- Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822
- Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- † Janthina krejcii Beu, 2017
- Janthina pallida W. Thompson, 1840
- † Janthina typica (Bronn, 1861)
- Janthina umbilicata d'Orbigny, 1841
- Species brought into synonymy
- Janthina affinis Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina africana Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina alba Anton, 1838: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina balteata Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina bicolor Menke, 1828: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina bicolor O. G. Costa, 1830: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina bifida Nuttall, 1850: synonym of Janthina exigua Lamarck, 1816
- Janthina britannica Forbes & Hanley, 1853: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina capreolata Montrouzier, 1860: synonym of Janthina exigua Lamarck, 1816
- Janthina carpenteri Mörch, 1860: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina casta Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina coeruleata Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina communis Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina contorta Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina costae Mörch, 1860: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina decollata Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822
- Janthina depressa Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina elongata [sic]: synonym of Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822
- Janthina fibula Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina fragilis Lamarck, 1801: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina globosa Blainville, 1822: synonym of Janthina umbilicata d'Orbigny, 1840
- Janthina grandis Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina incisa Philippi, 1848: synonym of Janthina exigua Lamarck, 1816
- Janthina involuta Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina iricolor Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822
- Janthina jehennei (Petit de la Saussaye, 1853): synonym of Recluzia jehennei Petit de la Saussaye, 1853
- Janthina laeta Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Janthina pallida W. Thompson, 1840
- Janthina megastoma A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Janthina umbilicata d'Orbigny, 1840
- Janthina nana Gray, 1842: synonym of Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822
- Janthina nitens Menke, 1828: synonym of Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822
- Janthina nitida A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Janthina exigua Lamarck, 1816
- Janthina orbignyi Mörch, 1860: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina patula Philippi, 1844: synonym of Janthina pallida W. Thompson, 1840
- Janthina payraudeaui Locard, 1900: synonym of Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822
- Janthina penicephela Peron, 1824: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina planispirata A. Adams & Reeve, 1848: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina prolongata Blainville, 1822: synonym of Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822
- Janthina rosea Anton, 1838: synonym of Janthina pallida W. Thompson, 1840
- Janthina roseala Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina roseola Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina rotundata Dillwyn, 1840: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina smithiae Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina splendens Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Janthina globosa Swainson, 1822
- Janthina striata Montrouzier, 1860: synonym of Janthina exigua Lamarck, 1816
- Janthina striolata A. Adams & Reeve, 1848: synonym of Janthina pallida W. Thompson, 1840
- Janthina striulata Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina trochoidea Reeve, 1858: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina vinsoni Deshayes, 1863: synonym of Janthina exigua Lamarck, 1816
- Janthina violacea Röding, 1798: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Janthina vulgaris Gray, 1847: synonym of Janthina janthina (Linnaeus, 1758)
References
[edit]- ^ a b Gofas, S. (2011). Janthina Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138092 on 2011-11-01
- ^ Beu, Alan G. (2017). "Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae)". Records of the Australian Museum. 69 (3): 119–222. doi:10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1666.
- ^ a b Lalli, Carol M.; Ronald W. Gilmer (1989). Pelagic Snails: The Biology of Holoplanktonic Gastropod Mollusks. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1490-7.
- ^ Morrison, Sue; Storrie, Ann (1999). Wonders of Western Waters: The Marine Life of South-Western Australia. CALM. p. 68. ISBN 0-7309-6894-4.
- ^ Gofas, S. (2009). Janthina Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138092 on 2010-05-16
- Laursen, D. 1953. The genus Ianthina: A monograph. Dana Report 38: 1-40, pl. 1
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Janthina.
- Röding P.F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg. viii, 199 pp
- Montfort P. [Denys de]. (1808-1810). Conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles. Paris: Schoell. Vol. 1: pp. lxxxvii + 409 [1808]. Vol. 2: pp. 676 + 16
- Gistel, Johannes [Nepomuk Franz Xaver]. (1848). Naturgeschichte des Tierreichs: für höhere Schulen. [text book]. 1-216, i-xvi, Plates 1-32. Stuttgart. Scheitlin & Krais.
- Mörch, O. A. L. (1860). Matériaux pour servir à l'histoire de la famille des Janthines. Journal de Conchyliologie. 8 (3): 261-285
- Iredale, T. (1929). Queensland molluscan notes, no. 1. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 9(3): 261-297, pls 30-31
- Kaim, A.; Tucholke, B. E.; Warén, A. (2012). A new Late Pliocene large provannid gastropod associated with hydrothermal venting at Kane Megamullion, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10(3): 423-433
- Beu A.G. (2017). Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae). Records of the Australian Museum. 69(3): 119-222
- Gary Rosenberg's Malacolog 4.1.1 info on this genus in the Western Atlantic