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‘’’Narcissism’’’ is a continuum of human habitual attitudes that ranges from narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) in which people have have an exaggerated sense of their own importance through to the other extreme Echoism[1], when people are excessively self-effacing and solicitous of the needs of others. Many psychologists believe that a moderate degree of narcissism is normal and healthy in humans, there are also more extreme forms [2][3] leading to functional impairment and psychosocial disability.[4]

The Greek myth of Echoshe was a nymph with a beautiful voice which she used to keep up a conversation with Hera, the queen of the gods, isolating her from the gossip and rumours that might reveal the frequent infidelities of her husband Zeus, king of the gods. Hera eventually understood Echo was protecting her husband, and punished her by casting a enchantment so that Echo was only able to speak when spoken to, and even then she could only repeat the last words of the person who had spoken to her.

References

  1. ^ The Conversation:Echoism: the flip side of narcissism explained (26 june 2024)
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Zlatan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Nazario B (4 September 2022). Casarella J (ed.). "Narcissistic Personality Disorder". webmd.com. Web MD. Archived from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  4. ^ Caligor E, Levy KN, Yeomans FE (May 2015). "Narcissistic personality disorder: diagnostic and clinical challenges". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 172 (5): 415–422. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14060723. PMID 25930131.

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