Jan Jacobsen
Jan Jacobsen | |
|---|---|
| Piratical career | |
| Type | Dunkirker |
| Allegiance | Habsburg |
| Rank | Captain |
| Base of operations | Ostend |
| Commands | one |
| Battles/wars | Eighty Years' War |
Jan Jacobsen (ca.1589-1622) was a Flemish naval commander and Dunkirker during the Eighty Years' War. As did others such as Karel Verburg and Jan Jansen, Jacobsen operated out of France attacking Dutch shipping on behalf of Great Britain. He became a national hero destroying his own ship after battling an enemy fleet for over 13 hours. [1]
Biography
He was the son of Admiral Michiel Jacobsen, and great-uncle of Jean Bart. On 3 October 1622, then aged thirty-three, Jacobsen put out from Ostend on his first expedition as a captain of one of the king's frigates, part of a three-ship flotilla with the intention of locating the Dutch Baltic convoy. He failed to elude the Dutch blockaders patrolling off the Flemish coast,[2], his Spanish allies Pedro de la Plasa anf Juan Garcia fleeing upon encountering the enemy fleet, and was soon in a running battle with nine Dutch warships, which was to last for thirteen hours. He disabled two of them before finally fought to a standstill, his mast, rudder and sweeps shot away. The Dutch called upon Jacobsen to surrender, and offered quarter, but rather than let one of the king's ships fall into the hands of the enemy he defiantly took a lighted match and exploded his powder store. In doing so he crippled the two Dutch ships alongside and caused considerable loss of life on board them, but at the cost of destroying himself, his ship, and much of what remained of his crew.[3] Surviving members of his originally 170-man crew [4] to be picked up were hanged as pirates.
This incident, comparable to English admiral Sir Richard Grenville and the Revenge, created a mystique around the Dunkirkers, and the figure of Jacobsen in particular, at the very beginning of the second phase (1621-1648) of the Eighty Years' War.[5] The event was reported in contemporary newspapers, such as the Nieuwe Tijdinghen printed in Antwerp,[6] and was the subject of at least one contemporary ballad, Kapiteyn Jacobus, that likened Jacobsen to Samson.[7]
References
- ^ Rommelse, Gijs. The Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665-1667): Raison D'état, Mercantilism and Maritime Strife. Hilversum: Gigs Rommelse & Uitgeverij Verloren, 2006. (pg. 115) ISBN 90-6550-907-0
- ^ Roding, Juliette and Lex Heerma van Voss. The North Sea and Culture (1550-1800). Hilversum: Verloren Publishers, 1996. (pg. 156) ISBN 90-6550-527-X
- ^ Maurits Sabbe, Brabant in't verweer. Bijdrage tot de studie der Zuid-Nederlandsche strijdliteratuur in de eerste helft der 17de eeuw. Antwerp, 1933. pp. 113-118.
- ^ Acta Historiae Neerlandicae: Studies on the History of the Netherlands. The Hague: Nederlands Historisch Genootschap, 1978. (pg. 58)
- ^ R. A. Stradling, The Armada of Flanders: Spanish Maritime Policy and European War, 1568-1668. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. (pg. 39-40) ISBN 0-521-52512-8
- ^ "Nieuwe tijdinghe uut Cales, vanden 11. October." in Nieuwe Tijdinghen, 22 Oct. 1622 (no. 157), pp. 3-5.
- ^ Maurits Sabbe, Brabant in't verweer. pp. 433-437.
Further reading
- Geyl, Pieter. The Netherlands in the Seventeenth Century. London: Ernst Benn Limited, 1964.
- Geyl, Pieter and Stanley Thomas Bindoff. The Netherlands Divided (1609-1648). London: Williams & Norgate, 1936.