Stellate ganglion
| Stellate ganglion | |
|---|---|
 Plan of right sympathetic cord and splanchnic nerves. (Stellate ganglion not visible, but region is shown.) | |
| Details | |
| From | inferior cervical ganglion, first thoracic ganglia |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | ganglion cervicothoracicum, ganglion stellatum |
| MeSH | D013233 |
| TA98 | A14.3.01.020 |
| TA2 | 6612 |
| FMA | 6469 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
The stellate ganglion (or cervicothoracic ganglion) is a sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion.
Clinical significance
The clinical significance of these ganglion is that they may be cut in order to decrease the symptoms exhibited by Raynaud's phenomenon and hyperhydrosis (extreme sweating) of the hands. Injection of local anesthetics near the stellate ganglion can sometimes mitigate the symptoms of sympathetically mediated pain such as complex regional pain syndrome type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy).
Stellate-ganglion block also shows great potential as a means of reducing the number of hot flashes and night awakenings suffered by breast cancer survivors and women experiencing extreme menopause.[1]
Complications associated with a stellate ganglion block include Horner's syndrome, intra-arterial or intravenous injection, difficulty swallowing, vocal cord paralysis, epidural spread of local anaesthetic and pneumothorax.
Blunt needling of the stellate ganglion with acupuncture needle is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to decrease sympathetically mediated symptoms as well.
Block of the stellate ganglion has also been explored in coronary artery bypass surgery.[2]
Location
Stellate ganglion is located at the level of C7 (7th cervical vertebrae), anterior to the transverse process of C7, posterior to the neck of the first rib, and just below the subclavian artery.
See also
References
- ^ Lancet, 2008
- ^ Yildirim V, Akay HT, Bingol H; et al. (2007). "Pre-emptive stellate ganglion block increases the patency of radial artery grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery". Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 51 (4): 434–40. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01260.x. PMID 17378781.
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External links
- Template:EMedicineDictionary
- . GPnotebook https://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1738145852.
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Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system | |||||
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