Edward Jardine

Edward Jardine
Buried	Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York
Allegiance	Union
Service/branch	Union Army
Years of service	1861–1865
Rank	Brigadier General
Unit	9th Army Corps Army of the Potomac
Commands	89th New York Volunteers
Battles/wars	American Civil War New York Draft Riots
Other work	Civil servant and businessman

Brigadier General Edward E. Jardine (November 2, 1828-July 16, 1893) was an American US Army officer during the American Civil War serving with the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment under General Benjamin Butler and later the Army of the Potomac under General Ambrose Burnside. He was also one of the senior military officers during the New York Draft Riots and, although narrowly escaping lynching at the hands of a mob, the injuries he sustained during the riots ended his military career and the effects from which would last throughout his life.

Biography

Early life and military service

Edward Jardine was born in Brooklyn to Charles Jardine, an Englishman of French decent, shortly after his parents arrived in the United States. He came from a poor background and, as a teenager, he worked at a hardware store and attended night school. At age 18, Jardine married Ophelia Kreemer with whom he would have two sons, Augustus E. and James R.D. Jardine. Jardine eventually became a successful hardware importer and served in the National Guard prior to the start of the American Civil War.

Enlisting in the Union Army in May 1861, he received a commission as an officer with the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, popularly known as Hawkins' Zouaves, and later the 9th Army Corps where he served under General Benjamin Butler at the Battle of Big Bethel and Hatteras Inlet expedition. In 1862, he accompanied the Army of the Potomac in its Virginia expedition and took part in the Battles of Hatteras Inlet, Roanoke Island, South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg. Twice wounded during the campaign, Jardine was promoted to the rank of major for "gallant conduct" and briefly commanded the 89th Infantry Regiment.

New York Draft Riots

After his unit had been disbanded in early 1863, the two-year enlistment terms having expired, he and other former Union officers were in New York to recruit new members. At the time the New York Draft Riots broke out, Jardine held no formal command. He did, however, call upon former members of Hawkins' Zouaves as well as other regiments to help local officials to defend against the rioters. Only 200 or so men responded his plea, but Jardine took command of the small force and prepared to face the rioters. A veteran artillery officer, he also gave artillery support to several regiments.

On July 15, Jardine and his men engaged the rioters at First Avenue and Nineteenth Street supporting Major Robinson and the Duryea Zouaves with artillery fire from two howitzers. While the infantrymen engaged the rioters, Jardine ordered the guns to sweep the avenue. The mob scattered from the street before he could give the order to fire and, within a few minutes, they began taking fire from both sides of the street.

Despite being vastly outnumbered, he and his men attempted to disperse the mob but were instead pushed pack leaving many soldiers dead and wounded on the streets before being forced to retreat. It was during this battle that Jardine was struck in the thigh by a piece of lead pipe fired from a cannon. Causing a compound fracture, it was an injury from which he would never fully recover.

He was rescued by local residents, two young women, who hid him and two others in the basement of their Second Avenue home. By the time the mob began searching homes and buildings for wounded soldiers, the two Duryea officers having escaped hours before, Jardine was able to escape notice by wearing civilian clothes. A second version claims that, upon the mob breaking into the house, the two officers were clubbed to death and that only the intervention of one of the rioters, a veteran of Hawkins' Zouaves, had recognized him that he persuaded the others to spare him. Jardine was taken to the home of a nearby surgeon where he remained for the rest of the riots.

Retirement and later years

Jardine had been given command of the 7th Infantry Regiment, newly formed from the original 9th and 17th Regiments, but was unable to assume command due to his injury and was eventually transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps. He was awarded the rank of brevet Brigadier General upon his retirement and honorably discharged in May 1865.

He was briefly involved in business interests on Wall Street with W.T. Pelton, nephew of noted political reformer Samuel J. Tilden, but left New York for New Jersey where he settled in Fort Lee along the Hudson River. From 1867 until 1869, Jardine was editor and publisher for the Daily Times in Jersey City. He was also active in local politics and ran for public office several times before becoming a clerk for the New Jersey state legislature in 1869.

During the next year, Jardine was personally appointed as a weighter to the New York Custom House by President Ulysses S. Grant. He would remain in this position until poor health, due to his old injuries, forced him to retire. After several years as a widower, he married Katherine Clark in 1885. His health continued to decline as complications from his wounds becoming steadily worse in his old age and was bedridden for much of 1887. In March 1888, Jardine suffered an attack which caused him to be confined in the Hotel Pomeroy until his death months later.

Funeral services were held at the Scottish Rite Hall at Madison Avenue and 29th Street the following afternoon. Reverend Clark Wright delivered the eulogy and members of the Chancellor Walworth Lodge of Masons, the George Washington Post of the Grand Army and Loyal Legion of Honor were in attendance.

Further reading

• Cook, Adrian. The Armies of the Streets: The New York City Draft Riots of 1863. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1974.