Einhard
Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart) (c. 775 – March 14, 840 in Seligenstadt, Germany) was a Frankish courtier, a dedicated servant of Charlemagne, of whom he wrote his famous biography, and Louis the Pious.
Public Life
Einhard was from the eastern German-speaking part of the Frankish Kingdom. Born into a family of relatively low status, his parents sent him to be educated by the monks of Fulda, was one of the most impressive centres of learning in the Frankish lands. Perhaps due to his small stature (Einhard referred to himself as a "tiny manlet") which restricted his riding and sword-fighting ability, Einhard concentrated his energies towards scholarship and especially to the mastering of Latin. Despite such humble origins, he was accepted into the hugely wealthy court of Charlemagne around 791 or 792. Charlemagne actively sought to amass scholarly men around him and established a royal school led by the Northumbrian scholar Alcuin. Alcuin evidently was a talented builder and construction manager, because Charlemagne put him in charge of the completion of several palace complexes including Aachen and Ingelheim. Despite the fact that Einhard was on intimate terms with Charlemagne, he never achieved office in his reign. In 814, on Charlemagne's death his son Louis the Pious made Einhard his private secretary. Einhard retired from court during the time of the disputes between Louis and his sons in the spring of 830.
Private Life
Einhard was married to Emma who, in common with many lay-women of the period, little is known of. Though undoubtedly devoted to her, Einhard wrote nothing of his wife until her death on 13 December 835 when he wrote to a friend that he was reminded of her loss in ‘every day, in every action, in every undertaking, in all the administration of the house and household, in everything needing to be decided upon and sorted out in my religious and earthly responsibilities’.[1] There is a possibility that their marriage bore a son, Vussin. Their marriage also appears exceptionally liberal for the period with Emma as active, if not more so, as Einhard in the handling of their property.[2] In the later years of their marriage, in common with many other couples of the age, Emma and Einhard abstainted from sexual relations, choosing instead to focus their attentions on their many religious commitments.
Religious Beliefs
Einhard made numerous references to himself as a "sinner", a description of himself that shows his Augustinian influenced world view.[3] To assuage such feelings of guilt he erected churches at both of his estates in Michelstadt and Mulinheim. In Michelstadt he also saw fit to build a basilica completed in 827 and then sent a servant, Ratleic, to Rome with an end to find relics for the new building. Once in Rome, Ratleic robbed a catacomb of the bones of the Martyrs Marcellinus and Peter and had them translated to Michelstadt. Once there, the relics made it known they were unhappy with their new tomb and thus had to be moved again to Mulinheim. Once established there, they proved to be miracle workers. Although unsure as to why these saints should choose such a "sinner" as their patron, Einhard nonetheless set about ensuring they continued to receive a resting place fitting of their honour.[4] It has been contended that in the last decade of his life Einhard's strong religious beliefs led to him retiring to a monastery. However, his letters from this period show his maintained contact with those he had met in court and Julia Smith has claimed the tone of these letters are not as religious in character as would have been expected from a member of the church.[5] After his death his was buried in Mulinheim with his wife Emma, near his beloved saints Peter and Marcellinus.
Local lore
Local lore from Seligenstadt portrays Einhard as the lover of Emma, one of Charlemagne's daughters, and has the couple elope from court. Charlemagne found them at Seligenstadt (then called Obermühlheim) and forgave them. This account is used to explain the name "Seligenstadt" by a folk etymology. The story has been popularised by poet Wilhelm Busch.[6]
Works
Einhard wrote a number of works, the most famous of which was produced at the request of Charlemagne's son and successor Louis the Pious. Most notable of these is his biography of Charlemagne, the Vita Karoli Magni, "The Life of Charlemagne" (c. 817–836), which provides much direct information about Charlemagne's life and character. In composing this he relied heavily upon the Annals of the Frankish Kingdom. Einhard's literary model was the classical work of the Roman historian Suetonius, the Lives of the Caesars. His work was written as a praise of Charlemagne, whom he regarded as a foster-father and to whom he was a debtor "in life and death". The work thus contains an understandable degree of bias, Einhard taking care to exculpate Charlemagne in some matters, not mention others, and to gloss over certain issues which would be of embarrassment to Charlemagne, such as the morality of his daughters. However, it is from this work that historians gain a picture of Charlemagne as a powerful warrior king whose great belief in God led to many reverential visits to Rome.
See also
References
External links
- Vita Karoli Magni -- Einhard's Life of Charlemagne, Latin text at The Latin Library
- Early Lives of Charlemagne -- Einhard's Life of Charlemage and an anonymous monk's of St. Gall's Life of Charlemagne. 1922 English translation by Arthur James Grant, London : Chatto & Windus, via Internet Archive.
- Life of Charlemagne -- Einhard's Life of Charlemagne, 19th century English translation.
- Einhard at the Catholic Encyclopedia
- Einhard-Preis Literature prize awarded by the Einhard-Foundation of Seligenstadt to authors for writing an outstanding biography
- Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes