Forty-Two Gang
The Forty-Two Gang was a teenage street gang in Chicago during Prohibition. Like Brooklyn's Italian and Jewish street gangs of Brownsville and Ocean Hill, the Forty-Two Gang served as a "farm team" for future members of the Chicago Outfit. Forty-Two gang members included future syndicate members Sam "Teets" Battaglia, Louis "Cockeyed Louie" Fratto also known as Lew Farrell, Felix Alderisio ("Milwaukee Phil"), Samuel DeStefano ("Mad Sam"), Charles "Chuckie" Nicoletti, Fiore "Fifi" Buccieri, Albert Frabotta, William "Smokes" Aloisio, Frank "Skids" Caruso, William Daddano ("Willie Potatoes"), Joe Ceasar DiVarco, Rocco Potenza, Leonard Gianola, Vincent Inserro and brothers Leonard and Marcello Giovanni Caifano ("John Marshall").
The gang's history has been well documented and researched. In 1931, sociologists at the University of Chicago determined that of the original Forty-Two Gang members, over thirty had been killed, seriously wounded or imprisoned on a variety of charges, including murder, armed robbery and sexual assault.
Early history
The Forty-Two Gang started in 1925, with twenty-four members (some as young as nine years). The boys supposedly named their gang after Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, claiming they were one better than their fictional namesakes. The gang came from Chicago's Little Italy, a neighborhood known as "the Patch," on the city's West Side. That neighborhood, labelled by Jane Addams as the "Hull House Neighborhood" when she and Ellen Starr opened (1989) the first settlement house in the United States, eventually became known as the Legendary Taylor Street, the port-of-call for Chicago's Italian American immigrants.Taylor Street Archives From the beginning, the gang become notorious for a number of different crimes: vandalism, petty theft, car stripping, stealing of carts or horses from the stables of local fruit peddlers (sometimes reportedly killing stolen horses to supply horse meat), burglarizing cigar stores and staging armed hold-ups of prominent nightclubs.
The Forty-Two Gang soon emerged as one of the most violent gangs in the city; however, they suffered heavy losses as the result of wars with rival gangs. The gang also had a high rate of arrests regarding their frequent murders of robbery victims, suspected informants and police officers.
Rebelling against authorities
In 1928, a number of Forty-Two Gang members were being held at the Illinois state boys' reformatory,[1] in St. Charles, Illinois. One day, Major William J. Butler, commander of that facility, received the following threat from a gang member. "Unless you let our pals go, we'll come down there and kill everybody we see. We've got plenty of men and some machine guns." Butler was inclined to dismiss it; however, Chicago police officials advised him to take it seriously. After arming himself, Butler called up the Illinois State Militia to defend the reformatory.
Several days later, three gang members led by "Crazy" Patsy Steffanelli were caught outside the reformatory walls. Once taken into custody, the boys bragged that they were a scouting party sent to infiltrate machine gunners into the facility.
The St. Charles incident was widely covered by the Chicago press. Many critics called for a tougher stance against juvenile offenders; the Chicago Tribune declared that the only decision facing authorities was whether to sentence gang members to Joliet Prison or send them to the electric chair.
The Forty-Two Gang & the Chicago Syndicate
The press coverage and media attention on the 42ers caught the notice of the city's bootlegging gangs, specifically Al Capone's Chicago Outfit. Gang members frequently committed robberies just so they could blow wads of money in the Outfit's speakeasies and other underworld hangouts. The Outfit would occasionally hire gang members as beer runners or truck drivers; however, they were generally considered too risky to have around.
However, one Forty-Two Gang member did stand out; Sam Giancana ("Momo," "Mooney,"), a future Outfit leader. Giancana had built a reputation as a skilled wheelman who was calm under pressure. Giancana became the first Forty-Two member to join the Outfit. He eventually became a protégé of Antonino Accardo ("Tony," "Joe Batters") and Felice DeLucia ("Paul 'The Waiter' Ricca"). With his induction, Giancana was able to eventually bring a number of his fellow gang members into The Outfit. Many of them also became prominent gangsters.
While the Outfit welcomed Giancana and other Forty-Two members, it was less hospitable to some others. Paul Battaglia, an early gang leader, robbed many illegal horse betting rooms and handbooks during the mid-1930s. The Outfit eliminated him due to his interference in their operations.
References
- Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia. New York: Da Capo Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8160-5694-3