Al-Muthanna Club
Al-Muthanna club (version: June 2010)
Nadi al-Muthanna (in English al-Muthanna Club) was an influential radical pan-Arab & pan-Islamic society established in Baghdad ca. 1935 to 1937 which remained active until May 1941, when the coup d'etat of pro-Nazi Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani failed.[1] Later known as the National Democratic Party, Nadi al-Muthanna was influenced by European fascism and controlled by radical Arab nationalists who, according to 2005's Memories of State, "formed the core of new radicals" for a combined Pan-Arab civilian and military coalition.[2][3]}}
Saib Shawkat
In 1938, as fascism in Iraq grew, Sami Shawkat, a known fascist & a pan-Arab nationalist, was appointed director-general of education. [4]
The al-Muthanna club, under German ambassador Fritz Grobba's influence, developed a youth organization, the al-Futuwwa, modeled on European fascist lines and on Hitler Youth [5], it was founded in 1939 by then director-general of Iraq's education (al-Muthanna's co-founder) pan-Arab activist SaibShawkat, and was and under his guidance.
He's famous as well for his 1933 speech "The Manufacture of Death," in which he preached for the highest calling of acceptong death for the pan-Arabism cause, he argued that the ability to cause and accept death in puruit of pan-Arab ideals was the highest callin. it has been said, that Shawkat's path (ideology and military youth movement), influenced the Popular Army and youth organizations of the Baath Party, which appeared much later on. [6]
Shawkat, al-Sab'awi had developed strong anti-Jewish sentiments, leading to the tragedy known in colloquial Iraqi Arabic as the Farhud (Pogrom), as a result, a mob led by al-Muthanna Club members and its youth organization attacked the Jewish community of Baghdad on June 1 and 2, 1941, killing and wounding many Jews. [3]
- ^ Party, Government and Freedom in the Muslim world, p. 9 [1]
- ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume 4, p. 125, by Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb, Johannes Hendrik Kramers, Bernard Lewis, Charles Pellat, Joseph Schacht, 1954, [2]
- ^ a b Memories of state: politics, history, and collective identity in modern Iraq, by Eric Davis, 2005, page 74, [3] Cite error: The named reference "Memories of state" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Saddam Hussein and the crisis in the Gulf p. 73, Judith Miller, Laurie Mylroie, Biography & Autobiography, Times Books, 1990
- ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/1428511/You-boys-you-are-the-seeds-from-which-our-great-President-Saddam-will-rise-again.html
- ^ Iran, Iraq, and the Arab Gulf States, Joseph A. Kechichian, Gustave E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies, lgrave Macmillan, 2001, p. 84 [4]