San Francisco Examiner
| File:Sfexaminer logo.png | |
| Type | Free daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Format | Tabloid |
| Owner(s) | Clarity Media |
| Publisher | John Wilcox |
| Editor | Deirdre Hussey |
| Founded | 1863/1865 |
| Headquarters | 71 Stevenson Street San Francisco, CA 94105 United States |
| Circulation | 190,000 daily; 250,000 weekend (as of January 2007) |
| Website | SFExaminer.com |
The San Francisco Examiner is a U.S. daily newspaper. It has been published continuously in San Francisco, California, since the late 19th century.
History
19th century
The Examiner was founded in 1863 as the Democratic Press, a pro-Confederacy, pro-slavery paper opposed to Abraham Lincoln, but after his assassination in 1865 the paper's offices were destroyed by a mob, and starting on June 12, 1865 it was called the Daily Examiner.[1][2][3]
In 1880, mining engineer and entrepreneur George Hearst bought the Examiner. Seven years later, after being elected to the U.S. Senate, he gave it to his son, William Randolph Hearst, who was then 23 years old. A story that the George Hearst had won the paper in a poker game is "pure Hearst mythology," according to a former columnist at the Examiner, P. J. Corkery,[citation needed] but other sources continue to make that or a similar statement,[4][5] and it appeared in William Randolph Hearst, Jr.'s obituary in the New York Times.[6]
George Randoph Hearst hired S.S. (Sam) Chamberlain, who had started the first American newspaper in Paris, as managing editor[3] and Arthur McEwen as editor and changed the Examiner from an evening to a morning paper.[1] Under him, the paper's popularity increased greatly, with the help of such writers as Ambrose Bierce, Mark Twain, and the San Francisco-born Jack London,[7] and also through the Examiner's version of yellow journalism, with ample use of foreign correspondents and splashy coverage of scandals such as two entire pages of cables from Vienna about the Mayerling Incident;[3] satire; and patriotic enthusiasm for the Spanish–American War and the annexation of the Philippines.
20th and 21st centuries
William Randolph Hearst created the masthead with the "Hearst Eagle" and the slogan Monarch of the Dailies.
After the great earthquake and fire of 1906 destroyed much of San Francisco, the Examiner and its rivals — the San Francisco Chronicle and the San Francisco Call — brought out a joint edition. The Examiner offices were destroyed on April 18, 1906,[8] but when the city was rebuilt, a new structure, the Hearst Building, arose in its place at Third and Market streets. It opened in 1909, and in 1937 the facade, entranceway and lobby underwent an extensive remodeling designed by architect Julia Morgan.[9]
Through the middle third of the twentieth century, the Examiner was one of several dailies competing for the city's and the Bay Area's readership; the San Francisco News, the San Francisco Call-Bulletin, and the Chronicle all claimed significant circulation, but ultimately attrition left the Examiner one chief rival — the Chronicle. Strident competition prevailed between the two papers in the 1950s and 1960s; the Examiner boasted, among other writers, such columnists as veteran sportswriter Prescott Sullivan, the popular Herb Caen, who took an eight-year hiatus from the Chronicle (1950–1958), and Kenneth Rexroth, one of the best-known men of California letters and a leading San Francisco Renaissance poet, who contributed weekly impressions of the city from 1960 to 1967. Ultimately circulation battles ended in a merging of resources between the two papers.
For 35 years starting in 1965, the San Francisco Chronicle and Examiner operated under a Joint Operating Agreement whereby the Chronicle published a morning paper and the Examiner published in the afternoon. The Examiner published the Sunday paper's news sections and glossy magazine and the Chronicle contributed the features. Circulation was approximately 100,000 on weekdays and 500,000 on Sundays. By 1995, discussion was already brewing in print media about the possible shuttering of the Examiner due to low circulation and an extremely disadvantageous revenue sharing agreement for the Chronicle.[10]
When the Chronicle Publishing Company divested its interests, the Hearst Corporation purchased the Chronicle. To satisfy antitrust concerns, Hearst sold the Examiner to ExIn, LLC, a corporation owned by the politically connected Fang family, publishers of the San Francisco Independent and the San Mateo Independent.[11] San Francisco political consultant Clint Reilly filed a lawsuit against Hearst, charging that the deal did not ensure two competitive newspapers and was instead a sweetheart deal designed to curry approval. However, on July 27, 2000 a federal judge approved the Fangs' assumption of the Examiner name, its archives, 35 delivery trucks, and a subsidy of $66 million, to be paid over three years.[5]
In May 2002, the Examiner relaunched as a tabloid, as part of an attempt to capture a younger audience.
On February 24, 2003, the Examiner became a free daily newspaper and is now printed Sunday through Friday.
New business model
On February 19, 2004, in a not unexpected move once the subsidy expired, the Fang family sold the Examiner and its printing plant, together with the two Independent newspapers, to Philip Anschutz of Denver, Colorado.[11] His new company, Clarity Media Group, launched The Washington Examiner in 2005 and published The Baltimore Examiner 2006-2009. The Examiner is currently run by Anschutz subsidiary SF Newspaper Company. In 2006, Anschutz donated the archives of the Examiner to the University of California, Berkeley Bancroft Library, the largest gift ever to the library.[12]
Under Clarity ownership, the Examiner pioneered a new business model[13] for the newspaper industry. Designed to be read quickly, the Examiner is presented in a compact, tabloid size without story jumps. It focuses on local news, business, entertainment and sports with an emphasis on content relevant to local readers. It is delivered free to targeted homes in San Francisco and San Mateo counties (whether requested or not), and to single-copy outlets throughout that market area. Its circulation is audited by Certified Audit of Circulation (CAC).
See also
References
- ^ a b James David Hart, A Companion to California, New York: Oxford, 1978, p. 441.
- ^ How Old Is The Examiner?
- ^ a b c WPA Federal Writers' Project, San Francisco: The Bay and its Cities, New York: Hastings House, 1940, OCLC 504264488 (Internet Archive text), p. 153.
- ^ "A Timeline of San Francisco History"
- ^ a b Jessie Seyfer, Associated Press, "Judge clears way for Hearst to buy San Francisco Chronicle," Honolulu Star-Bulletin, July 27, 2000.
- ^ Associated Press, "William Randolph Hearst, Journalist, Dies at 85," New York Times May 15, 1993.
- ^ William Randolph Hearst, 1863-1951
- ^ 1906 quake FAQ, Chinatown Historical Society
- ^ Images of the Hearst Building, San Francisco, California, by Julia Morgan
- ^ Bill Mandel, "The Case For One Daily," SF Weekly March 1, 1995.
- ^ a b Amy Bryer, "Anschutz buys San Francisco newspapers," Denver Business Journal February 19, 2004.
- ^ Berkeley.edu
- ^ Robertson, Lori (April/May 2007). "Home Free". American Journalism Review. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
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