Energy efficiency in Europe (study)
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The Energy efficiency in Europe study is part of the Odyssee project.[1] It aims to monitor energy efficiency progress and CO2-reduction for the EU-27 countries and Norway and Croatia, understand the energy demand trends for European countries, compare the countries in their relative energy efficiency performance, as well as to benchmark values, measuring the contribution of innovative energy efficiency and renewables technologies to the Lisbon targets to make Europe more competitive and analyse and evaluate the performance of energy efficiency policies in the different EU Member States and at EU level.
The ODYSSEE MURE is a program coordinated by ADEME and supported under the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme of the European Commission.
Background
The "Energy efficiency in Europe" study gathers representatives, such as energy agencies, from the 27 EU Member States plus Norway and Croatia and it aims at monitoring energy efficiency trends and policy measures in Europe. The energy databases are managed by Enerdata , which updates the Odyssee database twice by year. Odysse measures the energy efficiency progress by main sector (industry, transport, households) and for the whole economy (all final consumers). MURE is a database on policy measures. This project is part of the activity of the EnR Club.
The project gathers the following representative partners in each European country: AEA in Austria Econotec in Belgium, DEA in Denmark, ADEME and Enerdata in France, Motiva in Finland FhG-ISI in Germany, CRES in Greece, the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland, ENEA in Italy NL Agency and ECN in the Netherlands, DENE in Portugal, IDAE in Spain STEM in Sweden, AEAT in United Kingdom, EEA in Bulgaria CIE in Cyprus, Enviros in the Czech Republic MOE in Estonia, ENCEN in Hungary IPE in Latvia, MRA in Malta KAPE and GUS (statistical office) in Poland , ARCE and ICEMENERG in Romania ,SIEA in Slovakia, EIHP in Croatia ,Enova and IFE in Norway, IJS for Slovenia. The country energy efficiency profiles are public on the Odyssee Energy Efficiency Reports , energy efficiency indicators on the energy efficiency web and energy efficiency database on Enerdata.
Energy efficiency in Europe : higlights and figures by sector
Energy efficiency in the EU-27 improved by about 13% between 1996 and 2007, corresponding to 160 Mtoe energy savings in 2007.
Industry
Energy efficiency improved by about 2.1%/year since 1990. Each branches, except textile contributed to decrease the overall industrial efficiency index. Since 1998, structural changes towards less energy-intensive branches now strengthen the influence of efficiency improvements on actual energy intensity in industry. However the impact of these structural changes is limited : they explain about 13% of the reduction in the industrial intensity since 1998. The situation is meanwhile differ-ent in countries: structural changes explain a high share of the reduction in 5 countries (Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania, Sweden, Ireland)
Households
In households, energy efficiency improved by 1.1%/year since 1990. Space heating and large appliances experienced the greatest energy efficiency improvement: since 1990, close to 1.5%/year each.
Transport
Energy efficiency improved by 0,8% /year since 1990 . The specific consumption of cars in liters/100 km is regularly decreasing (-0.9%/year since 1990), with a more rapidly improvements for new cars since 1995 (-1.6%/year). However, part of this gain is offset by a shift to larger cars. For road goods transport, the energy consumption per ton-km has decreased regularly since 1993 because of a better management (increase in ton-km/veh except from 1998 to 2002)
Energy efficiency indicators: objectives and methodology
According to Enerdata, energy efficiency indicators can be used to make several types of analysis :
- Monitor the targets set at the national and international levels in energy efficiency and CO2 abatement programmes.
- Evaluate of the energy efficiency policy and programmes. Ministries, energy agencies or organisations in charge of the implementation of energy efficiency programmes need to provide regular evaluations to justify their action and the large amounts of public money that have been spent to support these programmes or to operate the energy efficiency agencies.
- Plan future actions, including R&D programmes,
- Feed the energy demand forecasting models and improving the quality of forecasts,technico-economic models, that are characterised by a high level of desegregation (end-uses) make use of energy efficiency indicators to account for future changes in energy efficiency.
- And finally, make cross-country comparisons in a harmonized way.
The energy intensity indicator is the most often used indicator to measure the energy efficiency. It is calculated per unit of GDP for the overall indicator and transports or value added for services and agriculture or private consumption for households. However, the ODEX index[2] represents a better proxy for assessing energy efficiency trends at an aggregate level (e.g. overalll economy, industry, households, trasnport, services) than the traiditional energy intensities, as they are cleaned from structural changes and from other factors not related to energy efficiency (more appliances, more cars...).[citation needed] The ODEX index is used in the ODYSSEE-MURE project to measure the progress of energy efficiency by main sector (industry, transport, households) and for the whole economy (all final consumers). For each sector, the index is calculated as a weighted average of sub-sectoral indices of energy efficiency progress; sub-sectors being industrial or service sector branches or end-uses for households or transport modes.
The sub-sectoral indices are calculated from variations of unit energy consumption indicators, measured in physical units and selected so as to provide the best “proxy” of energy efficiency progress, from a policy evaluation viewpoint. The fact that indices are used enables to combine different units for a given sector, for instance for households kWh/appliance, koe/m2, tep/dwelling…
The weight used to get the weighted aggregate is the share of each sub- sector in the total energy consumption of the sub–sectors considered in the calculation.
A value of ODEX equal to 90 means a 10% energy efficiency gain.
See also
Notes
Further reading
- Odysse Energy Efficiency Reports : Odyssee, Intelligent Energy Europe, Final Project , Monitoring of Energy Demand Trends and Energy efficiency in the EU ODYSSEE-MURE (EU-27).Grant agreement N°EIE-07-297
- Energy Efficiency Country Profiles for Europe, Repports by Country for 2008. Available in English and French.