Jack Tar

Jack Tar was a common English term used to refer to seamen of the Merchant or Royal Navy, particularly during the period of the British Empire. Both members of the public, and seafarers themselves, made use of the name in identifying those who went to sea. It was not used as an offensive term and sailors were happy to use the term to label themselves.

Etymology

Recruitment poster from the Napoleonic Wars

There are several plausible etymologies for the reference to 'tar'.

• Seamen were known to 'tar' their clothes before departing on voyages, in order to make them waterproof, before the invention of waterproof fabrics. Later they frequently wore coats and hats made from a waterproof fabric called tarpaulin. This may have been shortened to 'tar' at some point.
• It was common amongst seamen to fat their long hair into a ponytail and smear it with high grade tar to prevent it getting caught in the ship's equipment. This practice continues in some regions to this day, notably by the Somali Marines.
• In the age of wooden sailing vessels, a ship's rigging was rope made of hemp, which would rot quickly in such a damp environment. To avoid this, the ropes and cables of the standing rig were soaked in tar, which had to be replenished by tarring.

Use

• Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta, H.M.S. Pinafore, subtitled The Lass That Loved a Sailor, uses the synonym 'tar' frequently in its dialogue, including the songs 'The Merry Maiden and the Tar' and 'A British Tar'.
• One of John Philip Sousa's lesser known works was his 'Jack Tar March', written in 1903, which featured "The Sailor's Hornpipe" tune in one of its segments.
• A line from the second verse of George M. Cohan's song, "The Grand Old Flag" contains the lyric, "Hurrah! Hurrah! For every Yankee tar".
• This name was used by a famous resort of the 1950s and 1960s which was located on the West End of Grand Bahama.
• In rhyming slang Jack Tar means bar. "I'll see you later down the Jack."
• John Adams called the crowd involved with the Boston Massacre "a motley rabble of saucy boys, negros and molattoes, Irish teagues and outlandish jack tarrs".
• The heavy metal band Saxon have a song called Jack Tars.
• Royal Naval slang is still known as "Jackspeak"
• Early meetings for Werner H. Erhard's est programs were held at the Jack Tar Hotel in San Francisco, California.
• A character named Jack Tar appears in Neil Gaiman's "The Graveyard Book."
• Jack Tar Hotels was a hotel chain in the United States
• A character in the song Saucy Sailor by The Wailin' Jennys.
• The mechanized dummy in Sleuth, the 1970 play by Anthony Shaffer.

External links

Williams, James H (1917). "A Better Berth for Jack Tar". The Independent. 91 (Sept. 29). New York: S.W. Benedict: 502–503, 515. Retrieved Mar. 24, 2010. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) -- Article by an Able Seaman describing the Seamen's Act of 1915 and conditions for seafarers