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1986 Pacific hurricane season

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1986 Pacific hurricane season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedMay 22, 1986
Last system dissipatedOctober 22, 1986
Strongest storm
NameRoslyn
 • Maximum winds145 mph (230 km/h)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions26
Total storms17
Hurricanes9
Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+)		3
Total fatalities2
Total damage$352 million (1986 USD)
Pacific hurricane seasons
1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988

The 1986 Pacific hurricane season was less active than the 1985 Pacific hurricane season.[1] It officially started May 15, 1986 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1986 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1986. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when almost all tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.[2] They were four notable storms this year. Hurricane Estelle passed south of Hawaii, producing $2 million damage and 2 deaths. Hurricanes Newton, Paine, and Roslyn also struck Northwestern Mexico, but damage was minimal from these three systems. However, Hurricane Paine caused major flooding in the Great Plains of the United States, especially in Oklahoma. Paine produced the highest daily rainfall for any station in Oklahoma. The overall flooding event caused $350 million in damage (1986 USD).

Seasonal summary

Activity in the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center's (EPHC) area of responsibility was above average. There were 25 tropical depressions, one short of the record set in 1982, which had 26 depressions. The season began with the formation of Agatha on May 22 and the dissipation of Tropical Depression Twenty Five-E on October 25, spanning 147 days. Although it was nearly two weeks shorter than the 1985 Pacific hurricane season, it was six days longer than the long term average. The EPHC issued 406 tropical cyclone advisories, which were issued four times a day at a regular base 0000, 0600, 1200, 1800 UTC. Hurricane Hunters also flew in to three storms, Newton, Roslyn, and Estelle. In the former, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration conducted an environmental research in to the cyclone. The National Weather Service Field Service Station provided the East Pacific with great satellite coverage. Three tropical cyclones made landfall in 1986, with the worst effects were from Roslyn.

However, only one storm formed in the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's (CPHC) area of responsibility, Tropical Depression One-C. Six other cyclones entered the CPHC area of responsibility from the EPHC area of responsibility, most notably Estelle.[3][1]

Storms

Hurricane Agatha

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 22 – May 29
Peak intensity75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min);

The 1986 Pacific hurricane season's first tropical disturbance formed 864 mi (1,390 km) from the tip of Baja California on May 20.[1] By 0000 UTC May 22, the circulation began to come together and the EPHC upgraded the disturbance into Tropical Depression One-E that morning. Roughly 48 hours after becoming a tropical depression, Tropical Depression One-E becomes Tropical Storm Agatha, the first storm of the season. Agatha made an abrupt change in direction, going towards the north. Agatha strengthened into a hurricane on May 25 near the coast of Mexico, peaking at 75 mph (115 km/h). Agatha changed direction again, towards the southeast. Agatha quickly weakened into a tropical depression, but regained tropical storm strength on May 28 and May 29, only to dissipate that day.[1] Rainfall spread around both the Mexican coasts, peaking at 10.75 in (273 mm) at Xicotepec de Juarez.[4]

Tropical Depression Two-E

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 31 – June 1
Peak intensity30 mph (45 km/h) (1-min);

Tropical Depression Two-E was a short-lived cyclone, a lifetime of only 12 hours. The depression began as a disturbance on May 30 in the eastern Gulf of Tehuantepec. The disturbance became close to being stationary when it was upgraded to Tropical Depression Two-E on May 31. The depression began to weaken six hours later and the final advisory by the EPHC was released on June 1.[1] Most of Mexico received rainfall, with over 3 in (76 mm) totaling on Yucatán Peninsula. The worst rain was in central Mexico, where over 15 in (380 mm) rain fell, peaking at 18.63 in (473 mm) in Tenosique. The rest of Mexico was hit by 1–3 in (25–76 mm) of rainfall.[5]

Tropical Storm Blas

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 17 – June 19
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min);

Tropical Storm Blas formed on June 17 from a tropical disturbance that had originated the day before in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The disturbance moved at 13 mph (21 km/h) below a weak upper-level high, strengthening into the third tropical depression of the 1986 season. Winds reached 40 mph (60 km/h) on June 18, indicating that the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Blas. It kept that strength for only six hours, weakening into a depression again as it moved into weaker waters. The EPHC ceased advisories on June 19 after Blas's convection dissipated. Blas did not affect land.[1]

Hurricane Celia

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 24 – June 30
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min);

Five days after Tropical Storm Blas dissipated, a tropical disturbance developed south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec on June 24. Later that day, its circulation had organized enough to upgrade the disturbance into Tropical Depression Four-E. Winds reached 40 mph (65 km/h), upgrading the system into Tropical Storm Celia on June 26. While located off the coast of Mexico, Celia strengthened into a hurricane at 1800 UTC June 27. An eye became evident and Celia reached its peak intensity of 90 mph (145 km/h) on June 28 at 1600 UTC. Celia moved into much cooler water, weakening the storm rapidly. By June 30, Celia had become a tropical depression. The EPHC released its final advisory at 1800 UTC that day as Celia was dissipating. During its duration, Celia had passed by Socorro Island, however no damage was reported.[1]

Tropical Storm Darby

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 3 – July 7
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min);

Tropical Storm Darby, the fifth tropical cyclone of the season, formed as a tropical disturbance on July 2. Moving at about 13 mph (21 km/h), the disturbance entered warmer water and strengthening rapidly. The disturbance became Tropical Depression Five-E at 1800 UTC July 3. Depression Five-E turned to the west-northwestward and strengthened into Tropical Storm Darby on July 5. Darby peaked at 40 mph (60 mph). The stormed continued northwest for about six hours, when it reached 77 °F (25 °C)* waters and began to a weakening trend. Clouds spread northward over the U.S. States of Arizona and southern California on July 6, only to dissipate on July 7.[1]

Hurricane Estelle

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 16 – July 26
Peak intensity135 mph (215 km/h) (1-min);
Main article: Hurricane Estelle (1986)

At midday on July 16, a tropical depression formed, and within 12 hours it strengthened into a tropical storm. On July 18, Estelle intensified into a hurricane, and located in a favorable environment, Estelle continued strengthening to become the first major hurricane of the season on July 20.[1] The hurricane entered the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility near its peak strength of 135 mph (217 km/h). The hurricane veered to west and passed south of the islands. Estelle weakened to a tropical storm on July 23, and on July 25 it weakened to a depression. The storm dissipated two days later.[3]

In advance of Hurricane Estelle, the National Weather Service issued a hurricane watch and high-surf advisory for the Island of Hawaii.[6] More than 200 people evacuated from their homes.[7] Huge waves crashed on the shores of the Big Island on the afternoon of July 22. The high waves washed away five beachfront homes and severely damaged dozens of others in Vacation Land. The total damage was around $2 million (1986 USD; $5.56 million 2024 USD). However, the only deaths reported were two drowning on Oahu that occurred on July 23, due to rough surf caused by Estelle.[3]

Hurricane Frank

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 24 – August 3
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min);

The EPHC began monitoring a tropical disturbance located 315 km (196 mi) out south-west of San Salvador at 1800 UTC July 23. About 24 hours later, the disturbance was upgraded into a tropical depression. Initially moving towards the west-northwest due to an upper-level low and a ridge over Mexico, the storm then turned to the west as the upper-level low changed direction. By July 28, the depression was upgraded into a tropical storm and received the name Frank. After turning back to the west-northwest, Frank reached hurricane intensity early on July 30. The storms quickly developed a well-defined eye and three hours later, reached its peak intensity as a moderate Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The storm maintained its intensity for 18 hours; subsequently, Hurricane Frank began to rapidly weaken over 76 °F (24 °C) sea surface temperatures. Wind shear soon increased, thus accelerating the weakening process.[1] On July 31, Frank was reduced to tropical storm intensity.[8] Not long after weakening into a depression, the storm entered the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility.[1] Wind shear increased further, and upon entering the region, Frank moved over slightly cooler water. It transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on August 3.[3]


Tropical Storm Georgette

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 3 – August 4
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min);

On August 3, a tropical depression organized in the open ocean. Twelve hours later, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Georgette before weakening to a depression six hours later. It then accelerated to a very rapid speed of 23-45 mph (37-75 km/h). Due to its fast speed, Georgette couldn't maintain a closed circulation, and the tropical storm degenerated into a non-cyclonic disturbance. The disturbance kept up its rapid forward motion, crossed the dateline, and entered the western Pacific.

Georgette is properly a typhoon because it never strengthened into a hurricane east of the dateline. The dissipation of a storm in the central Pacific and regeneration in the western Pacific is extremely uncommon. The next time this happened was with Enrique in 1991.[1][9][3]

Tropical Storm Howard

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 16 – August 18
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min);

A tropical disturbance developed about 52 mi (84 km) south of Acapulco on August 15. Moving west-northwest south of an upper-level high, the system was classified as a tropical depression the next day about 127 mi (204 km) south of Manzanillo. Several hours later, the depression reached tropical storm intensity. Turning towards the northwest due to a trough,[1] it failed to intensify beyond minimal tropical storm strength.[8] Passing south of the Baja California Peninsula, the storm rapidly moved over cooler waters, weakening into a tropical depression at 0600 UTC August 18. Over 75 °F (24 °C) water, Howard dissipated.[1]

Tropical Storm Isis

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 19 – August 24
Peak intensity50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min);

A tropical disturbance developed 265 mi (426 km) south of Socorro Island at 1800 UTC August 18. Twenty-four hours later the disturbance was upgraded into a tropical depression. Over 84 °F (29 °C) waters, the depression soon intensified into Tropical Storm Isis. After peaking as a moderate tropical storm at 1200 UTC August 23, Isis weakened into a depression over 74 °F (23 °C) early on August 24. While located some 1,500 mi (2,400 km) west of the Mexican coast, the tropical cyclone dissipated later that day.[1]

Hurricane Javier

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 20 – August 31
Peak intensity135 mph (215 km/h) (1-min);
920 mbar (hPa)

On August 19, a tropical disturbance formed 741 km (460 mi) south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec and 514 km (319 mi) south of Cabo San Lucas. Satellite imagery began to show signs of an atmospheric circulation, and the disturbance became a tropical depression. Steadily moved towards the west over 85 °F (29 °C) sea surface temperatures, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Javier hours later. Southwest of a ridge, Javier began to turn towards the west-northwest. Despite an increase in forward speed, Tropical Storm Javier underwent rapid intensification, reaching hurricane intensity at 0900 UTC August 21.[1] About three hours later, Javier reached Category 2 strength, and briefly became a major hurricane on August 22, only to rapidly weaken into a Category 2 hurricane at 1200 UTC and a Category 1 hurricane late on August 23.[8]

Meanwhile, the storm's motions slowed and sharply turned towards the north and eventually towards the northwest.[1] Early on August 24, Javier resumed intensification, regaining Category 3 intensity at 0600 UTC, bypassing the Category 2 stage.[8] Passing midway between Socorro Island and Clarion Island, the storm reached its peak intensity of 135 mph (215 km/h). Moving beneath the ridge, Hurricane Javier turned to the west[1] and weakened back into a Category 3 hurricane[8] over 78 °F (26 °C) water.[1]

After briefly re-intensifying into a Category 4, the storm resumed weakening[8] due to increasing wind shear,[1] and by late on August 25, Hurricane Javier had weaken directly into a Category 2 hurricane, bypassing the Category 3 stage. Shortly thereafter, Javier was downgraded into a Category 1 hurricane. Even though the hurricane continued to weaken, it managed to maintain marginal hurricane intensity for 24 hours.[8] By 1200 UTC August 28, Javier finally weakened back into a tropical storm. Shortly after that, Javier turned towards the west-northwest due an upper-level trough. Now over 74 °F (23 °C) waters, the system continued to weaken as wind shear increased further. On August 30, Javier weaken into a depression and dissipated the next day.[1]

Hurricane Javier brought the highest waves of the summer to southern California.[10] This created a dangerous hazard for swimming, but excellent surfing conditions, thus prompting high surf advisories[11] and lifeguards were put on high alert.[12] Some waves were as high as 15 ft (4.6 m). The increased swells collided with an international surfing event and Labor Day Weekend.[13] Due to the former, 600,000 people went to the beaches.[14]

Tropical Storm Kay

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 28 – September 3
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);

A tropical disturbance formed 725 mi (1,167 km) east-southeast of Hurricane Javier and nearly 370 mi (600 km) south of the Baja California Peninsula. Moving slowly west over 84 °F (29 °C) sea surface temperatures, the disturbance began to develop an atmospheric circulation, and was respectively upgraded into a tropical depression on August 23. Passing 12 mi (19 km) south of Clarion Island, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Kay. Before reaching its peak intensity, which it maintained for 18 hours, the storm's forward speed increased. Upon moving into cooler water, Kay rapidly weakened , and weaken into a depression at 000 UTC September 2. Kay dissipated the next day.[1]

Tropical Storm Lester

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 13 – September 17
Peak intensity50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min);

A westward-moving tropical wave organized into a tropical depression west of 125°W after an increase in thunderstorm activity. Moving westward, the depression soon intensified into Tropical Storm Lester. After turning towards the west-northwest, Lester peak in intensity.[1] Due to a combination of strong wind shear[3] and cold sea surface temperatures, Lester began a slow weakening trend. [1] When Lester emerged into the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility, it was already a depression. Unable to maintain a closed atmospheric circulation, the final advisory was issued at 1800 UTC September 17.[3]

Tropical Storm Madeline

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 15 – September 22
Peak intensity70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min);

A tropical disturbance developed on September 13 and 14 over the warm waters south of Acapulco. On September 15, the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center first classified the system as a tropical depression. Rapidly moving towards the west, the depression was embedded in deep easterly flow. The system attained tropical storm intensity on 1800 UTC September 1, thus receiving the name Madeline. After turning towards the west-northwest, Tropical Storm Madeline accelerated. It began a slow intensification trend, and peak as a high-end tropical storm on 0600 UTC September 18. An upper-level low introduced strong wind shear, and Madeline began to fall apart almost immediately thereafter. After turning towards the north, and slowing down, Madeline dissipated on September 22.[1]

Hurricane Newton

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 18 – September 23
Peak intensity85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min);
984 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Hurricane Newton (1986)

One of four storms to have major affect on the land, a disturbance became the twentieth depression of the 1986 season on September 18. Intensification was slow as Tropical Depression Twenty-E did not reach storm status until September 20. Now Tropical Storm Newton, the cyclone began to parallel the Mexican coast. Newton strengthened into a hurricane on September 21. Hurricane Newton peaked at about 90 mph (145 km/h) and a minimal pressure of 984 millibars (29.1 inHg). On September 22, Newton slammed into Cabo San Lucas and moved inland into New Mexico. Newton dissipated on September 23. However, the remnants of Newton continued across the United States until September 26.[1]

Damage in Mexico was minor, with roofs being ripped off and high winds blowing down trees and utility poles. No injuries or fatalities were reported in association with Newton.[15][16] Across Kansas City 20,000 customers were without power.[17]

Hurricane Orlene

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 21 – September 25
Peak intensity80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min);

The 22nd cyclone of the 1986 season formed as a tropical disturbance on September 19.[1] The disturbance was quasi-stationary for about 30 hours, when it strengthened into Tropical Depression Twenty-Two-E on September 21. Depression Twenty-Two-E strengthened at a very rapid rate, become Tropical Storm Orlene 12 hours later and Hurricane Orlene 9 hours after that. The next advisory would be released by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center in Hawaii as it moved past the 140°W border line.[1] The Central Pacific Hurricane Center's first advisory had winds at 75 mph (115 km/h). Orlene gained more strength, peaking at 80 mph (130 km/h). Orlene moved into area of strong wind shear, causing rapid weakening. Orlene weakened into a tropical depression on September 24 and advisories ceased soon after. Orlene did not affect land in anyway.[3]

Hurricane Paine

Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 28 – October 2
Peak intensity100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min);
Main article: Hurricane Paine (1986)

The 23rd cyclone of the 1986 season formed as a tropical disturbance on September 27.[1] The disturbance strengthened into Tropical Depression Twenty-Three-E that night (0000 UTC September 28). Tropical Depression Twenty-Three-E moved northwestward and began to veer around due to an upper-level trough near northern Mexico. At 0000 UTC September 30, the depression became Tropical Storm Paine, southwest of Acapulco. 21 hours later, a NOAA Hurricane Hunter flight found winds of 90 mph (145 km/h), upgrading Paine into hurricane. Paine peaked as a Category 2 hurricane on October 1 as it headed towards the Sea of Cortez. Paine turned northwestward and crossed the coast at San Jose with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h). Paine weakened as it moved over land going through Mexico and then entering the United States. Paine dissipated over land on October 2. The system continued however, dissipating on October 4 over Lake Michigan.[1][18]

Rainfall from Paine was significant in Mexico and the United States. One to three inches (76 mm) of rain fell in Cabo San Lucas with rains around the Mexican mainland peaking at 12 in (300 mm) in Acapulco.[18] Near the area around where it made landfall, strong winds knocked down trees and caused disruptions to city services.[19] Fort Scott, Kansas reported the peak total in the U.S. with 11.35 inches (288 mm).[18] In Barnsdall, Oklahoma, a station recorded 10.42 inches (26.5 cm) on September 29, which was the highest daily precipitation for any station in the state. Throughout the state, flooding from Paine worsened flooding issues; the flooding affected 52 counties in Oklahoma, which resulted in a total of $350 million in damage.[20] Overall, Paine was described as one of the worst floods in Oklahoma history.[21] About 1,200 people in East Saint Louis, Illinois where left homeless.[22] Many reservoirs were nearly filled to capacity. The Mississippi River in St. Louis reached the fifth highest flood stage on record.[23]

Hurricane Roslyn

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 15 – October 22
Peak intensity145 mph (230 km/h) (1-min);
Main article: Hurricane Roslyn (1986)

Tropical Depression Twenty-Four originated as a tropical disturbance which moved westward offshore Nicaragua. During the early afternoon of the next day, ship reports indicated the formation of a tropical depression close to land. The cyclone moved at a quick pace towards the west-northwest south of a warm-core ridge. Early on the morning on October 16, Roslyn became a tropical storm. By the morning of the October 17, Roslyn had developed into a hurricane south of Acapulco.[1] A vigorous upper trough was deepening offshore Baja California, and Roslyn began to re-curve within a few hundred miles of Manzanillo.[24] The system struck Mazatlán as a marginal hurricane on October 20.[1]

Affecting a sparsely-populated area, the highest reported winds from a land station were 44 mph (71 km/h). Roslyn produced some flooding, but no serious damage.[25] Impact was limited to flooded homes and factories, as well as some crop damage and beach erosion[1][26] and only one yacht sunk. [1] The remnants of Hurricane Roslyn produced heavy rainfall across the central and southern United States. In Matagorda, Texas, a total of 13.8 in (35 cm) were reported.[24]

Other storms

Tropical Depression Seven-E began as a giant area of thunderstorms near the large Hurricane Estelle. It strengthened into Tropical Depression Seven-E on July 17. Moving at about 12–13 mph (19–21 km/h), Depression Seven-E failed to intensify and peaked at 30 mph (50 km/h). Cool sea surface temperatures and the close distance to Hurricane Estelle eventually caused the depression to dissipate late on July 18.[1]

Tropical Depression Eight-E began over 81 °F (27 °C) water on July 21 near 117°W. The depression peaked with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h). Eight-E slowed after turning to the west-northwest and dissipated on July 24.[1][9] Tropical Depression Ten-E had been a steady state tropical depression for about three days before moving into the CPHC's area of responsibility. Tropical Depression Ten-E crossed 140°W near 12°N on July 27 at about 1000 UTC. A slow weakening began as the depression continued to move west at near 30 mph (45 km/h). By 1800 UTC on July 29, it had become poorly organized near 12°N and 148°N, and the final advisory was issued.[1][9][3]

Tropical Depression One-C was tracked westward along 11°N at a fairly rapid forward speed of 35 mph (55 km/h) on July 27. The data are sketchy, but it is possible that One-C was formed from the remnants of Tropical Depression Eight-E, which had dissipated a few days earlier well to the east of 140°W. Tropical Depression One-C failed to develop past the depression stage. It passed well south of the Hawaiian Islands on July 28 with no noticeable effects on the weather. On July 29 at 0000 UTC, it was dissipating to the southwest of the Hawaiian Islands and the final advisory was issued.[9][3]

Tropical Depression Twelve-E formed near 700 mi (1,100 km) south of the Baja California Peninsula on August 12. It drifted slowly north-west until it dissipated near 22 °N 110 °W on August 14. Maximum sustained winds were estimated at 35 mph (56 km/h).[1] Tropical Depression Seventeen-E formed on September 8 and dissipated on September 9 without becoming a Tropical Storm, with maximum winds of 30 mph (45 km/h).[1]

The twenty-first cyclone of the season formed from a tropical disturbance in the ITCZ.[1] The disturbance moved at about 10 mph (20 km/h). The disturbance was declared Tropical Depression Twenty-Two-E at 600 UTC September 19. However the depression lasted a short time, only six hours, when it dissipated, possibly due to the close distance between it and Tropical Storm Madeline.[1] Tropical Depression Twenty-five-E was the final tropical depression of the 1986 season.[1] It formed on October 22 at 1800 UTC near the 140°W latitude line. A low pressure trough extended a large area, making development very unlikely. 30 hours after forming, the stationary storm dissipated.[1]

Storm names

The following names were used for named storms that formed in the eastern Pacific in 1986. No names were retired, so it was used again in the 1992 season. This is the same list used for the 1980 season. Storms were named Paine and Roslyn for the first time in 1986, although Orlene had been used on the old four-year lists. No central Pacific names were used; the first name used would have been Oka. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.[27]

  • Agatha
  • Blas
  • Celia
  • Darby
  • Estelle
  • Frank
  • Georgette
  • Howard
  • Isis
  • Javier
  • Kay
  • Lester
  • Madeline
  • Newton
  • Orlene
  • Paine
  • Roslyn
  • Seymour (unused)
  • Tina (unused)
  • Virgil (unused)
  • Winifred (unused)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Gunther, Emil B. (1987). "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1986". Monthly Weather Review. 115 (10): 2507–2523. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<2507:ENPTCO>2.0.CO;2. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Dorst, Neal. "When is hurricane season?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j CPHC (2007). "The 1986 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". Central Pacific Hurricane Center.
  4. ^ David Roth (2007-07-19). "Hurricane Agatha - May 22–29, 1986". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
  5. ^ David Roth (2007-07-16). "Tropical Depression #2E - May 27-June 2, 1986". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
  6. ^ "Hurricane Estelle aims for Hawaii". The Milwaukee-Journal. July 22, 1984. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  7. ^ "Estelle forces evacuations". The Telegraph-Herald. July 22, 1986. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (April 26, 2024). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2023". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 29, 2024. A guide on how to read the database is available here. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ^ a b c d David Roth (February 4, 2011). "Extended Best Track Database for CLIQR program". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
  10. ^ "Big Waves for Chairman on Boards". L.A. Times. August 28, 1986.
  11. ^ "Hurricane Javier deteriorating 1,000 miles away". L.A. Times. August 30, 1986.
  12. ^ "Surf's Up: Cyclone Sends High Waves to Southland". L.A. Times. August 29, 1986.
  13. ^ "Surf's Up Just In Time For International Event". The Modest. August 30, 1986. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |acessdate= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "Surf's Still Up". The Modest. August 31, 1986. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |acessdate= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "Hurricane Newton rips across Mexico". Daily Herald. September 24, 1986. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  16. ^ "Pacific Hurricane hits northwest Pacific coast". Ocala Star-Banner. September 25, 1986. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  17. ^ "Winter rears it's ugly". Lodi News-Sentinel. September 25, 1986. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
  18. ^ a b c David Roth (2007). "Hurricane Paine - September 26-October 4, 1986". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
  19. ^ "Hurricane Paine Sweeps Into Mexico". Akron Beach Journal. October 10, 1986.
  20. ^ Howard Johnson (2003). "Oklahoma Weather History, Part 9 (September)". Oklahoma Climatological Survey. Retrieved Febuary 2, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  21. ^ "Floods Hit Tulsa Area". September 29, 1986. Retrieved February 11, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |agecny= ignored (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  22. ^ "Flooding victims left homeless". Associated Press. September 29, 1986.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  23. ^ C.A. Perry, B.N. Aldridge, and H.C. Ross (2000). "Summary of Significant Floods in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, 1986". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved February 8, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ a b David Roth (2007). "Hurricane Roslyn - October 18–26, 1986". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved August 9, 2007.
  25. ^ The Ledger Wire Services (1986). "Tropical Storm Roslyn Hits Mexican Coast". Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  26. ^ Yovani Montaño Law and Mario Gutiérrez-Estrada (1988). "Dynamics of Beaches Raft River Delta, Mexico". National Autonomous University of Mexico. Retrieved February 13, 210. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  27. ^ "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Name History". Atlantic Tropical Weather Center. Retrieved 2009-03-03.

Template:1980-1989 Pacific hurricane seasons

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