Pobeda (watch)

Pobeda (Russian: Победа, Victory) is a Russian brand of wrist- and pocket watches. Based on a French design, the Pobeda's simple design and 15-jewel movement was cost-effective, reliable, and easy to manufacture and maintain. This ensured its remarkable production life span between the years 1946 and 2004, and it is ubiquitous across the former USSR.

Prior to World War II, during a period of rapid industrialization in the Soviet Union, the Soviet government sought international funding and expertise in developing a domestic industry for timepieces. Eventually the French watch manufacturer LIP was chosen; they established a new watch factory in Penza and licensed several movement designs to the new establishment. One design dating from 1908, the R-26 movement, was further developed and renamed the K-26, and it is believed that a small run of test types were built there in 1946. World War II temporarily disrupted these plans, but after the Allied victory, this watch design was quickly finished at Penza, and full scale production commenced at the First Moscow Watch Factory. Stalin chose the name Pobeda (Victory) to celebrate the end of the war.

In the Soviet Union, a product brand was not necessarily exclusive to a particular manufacturing site, during its lifetime, production of Pobeda watches was shifted between the following plants:

• Penza Watch Factory (Пензенский Часовой Завод): 1946 prototypes
• First Moscow Watch Factory (Первый Московский Часовой Завод): 1946 to 1953
• Petrodvorets Watch Factory (Петродворцовый Часовой Завод): 1949 to 1958
• Chistopol Watch Factory (Чистопольский часовой завод): 1949 to the c.1950
• Second Moscow Watch Factory (Второй московский часовой завод): 1953 to 1964
• Maslennikov Factory (Завод имени Масленникова): c.1951 to 2004

While the basic K-26 design was shared by these manufacturers, some of them carried on building watches using movements of the same fundamental design under various names, incorporating further refinements and alterations, such as shockproofing, date, day, and such. For instance, Petrodvorets used brand names including Lotos, Majak ("Маяк", lighthouse), Neva ("Нева", river Neva), Start ("Старт"), Svet ("Свет", light), and Raketa, which eventually became the firm's single brand name. Chistopol made Chaika ("Чайка", sea-gull), Druschba ("Дружба", friendship), Jantar ("Янтарь", amber), Kama ("Кама", river Kama), Kolos ("Колос", spike), Raduga ("Радуга", rainbow), Rubin ("Рубин"), Saturn ("Сатурн"), Uran ("Уран"), and Vostok which became the standard brand for the company.

First Moscow Watch Factory further developed a centre-second variant of this movement and it was not only made under the Pobeda name, but also became the basis of a generation of watches including the Sportivnie ("Спортивные", for sportsman), Sturmanskie ("Штурманские", for navigator), etc. A lasting legacy of the Pobeda can be seen in the Raketa 2609-series movements: while still in production, they are dimensionally fully compatible with the K-26.