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100 euro note

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One hundred euro
(Eurozone and Institutions)
Value100 euro
Width147 mm
Height82 mm
Security featuresHologram, EURion, watermarks, raised printing, colour changing ink, microprinting, ultraviolet ink, a security thread, matted surface, perforations, see through number, barcodes and a serial number[1]
Material usedCotton fibre[2]
Years of printing2002–present[3]
Obverse
DesignWindow in the Baroque and Rococo style.[4]
DesignerRobert Kalina[5]
Design date3 December 1996[5]
Reverse
DesignBridge in the Baroque and Rococo style and map of Europe.[4]
DesignerRobert Kalina[5]
Design date3 December 1996[5]

The one hundred euro note (€100) is one of the higher value euro banknotes and has been used since the introduction of the euro (in its cash form) in 2002.[6] The note is used daily by some 332 million Europeans and in the 22 countries which have it as their sole currency (with 20 legally adopting it).[7]

It is the third largest note measuring 147 millimetres (5.8 in) × 82 millimetres (3.2 in) and has a green colour scheme.[4] The hundred euro notes depict bridges and arches/doorways in the Baroque and Rococo style (between the 17th and 18th century).

The hundred euro note contains several complex security features such as watermarks, invisible ink, holograms and microprinting that document its authenticity. In May 2012, there were approximately 1,652,287,100 hundred euro banknotes in circulation in the Eurozone 17.

History

Main article: History of the euro

The euro was founded on 1 January 1999, when it became the currency of over 300 million people in Europe.[3] For the first three years of its existence it was an invisible currency, only used in accountance. Euro cash was not introduced until 1 January 2002, when it replaced the national banknotes and coins of the countries in eurozone 12, such as the Irish Pound and the Austrian schilling.[3]

The changeover period

The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, going from 1 January 2002 to 28 February 2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased to be legal tender varied from member state to member state.[3] The earliest date was in Germany, where the mark officially ceased to be legal tender on 31 December 2001, though the exchange period lasted for two months more. Even after the old currencies ceased to be legal tender, they continued to be accepted by national central banks for periods ranging from ten years to forever.[3][8]

Changes

Notes printed before November 2003 bear the signature of the first president of the European Central Bank, Wim Duisenberg, who was replaced on 1 November 2003 by Jean-Claude Trichet, whose signature appears on issues from November 2003 to March 2012. Notes issued after March 2012 bear the signature of the third president of the European Central Bank, incumbent Mario Draghi.[4]

Until now there has been only one series of euro notes, however a new series, similar to the current one, is planned to be released.[9] The European Central Bank will, in due time, announce when banknotes from the first series lose legal tender status.[9]

As of June 2012, current issues do not reflect the expansion of the European Union to 27 member states as Cyprus is not depicted on current notes as the map does not extend far enough east and Malta is also missing as it does not meet the current series' minimum size for depiction.[10] Since the European Central Bank plans to redesign the notes every seven or eight years after each issue, a second series of banknotes is already in preparation. New production and anti-counterfeiting techniques will be employed on the new notes, but the design will be of the same theme and colours identical of the current series; bridges and arches. However, they would still be recognisable as a new series.[11]

Design

The watermark on the 100 euro note.

The hundred euro note measures at 147 millimetres (5.8 in) × 82 millimetres (3.2 in) and has a green colour scheme.[4] All bank notes depict bridges and arches/doorways in a different historical European style; the hundred euro note shows the Baroque and Rococo style (between the 17th and 18th century).[12] Although Robert Kalina's original designs were intended to show real monuments, for political reasons the bridge and art are merely hypothetical examples of the architectural era.[13]

Like all euro notes, it contains the denomination, the EU flag, the signature of the president of the ECB and the initials of said bank in different EU languages, a depiction of EU territories overseas, the stars from the EU flag and twelve security features as listed below.[4]

Security features

100-euro banknote under fluorescent light (UV-A)
100 euro note under UV light (Observe)
Obverse
100 euro note under UV light (Observe)
Reverse
The hologram on the 100 euro note.
Microprinting on the 100 euro note.

The hundred euro note is protected by:

  • Colour changing ink[12] used on the numeral located on the back of the note, that appears to change colour from purple to brown, when the note is tilted.[14]
  • A see through number[12] printed in the top corner of the note, on both sides, appear combine perfectly to form the value numeral when held against the light.[15]
  • A glossy stripe,[12] situated at the back of the note, showing the value numeral and the euro symbol.[12]
  • A hologram,[12] used on the note which appears to see the hologram image change between the value and a window or doorway, but in the background, it appears to be rainbow-coloured concentric circles of micro-letters moving from the centre to the edges of the patch.[14]
  • A EURion constellation;[12] the EURion constellation is a pattern of symbols found on a number of banknote designs worldwide since about 1996. It is added to help software detect the presence of a banknote in a digital image.[12]
  • Watermarks,[12] which appear when held up to the light.[12]
  • Raised printing[12] in the main image, the lettering and the value numerals on the front of the banknotes will be raised.[16]
  • Ultraviolet ink;[12] the paper itself does not glow, fibres embedded in the paper do appear, and be coloured red, blue and green, the EU flag is green and has orange stars, the ECB President's, currently Mario Draghi's, signature turns green, the large stars and small circles on the front glow and the European map, a bridge and the value numeral on the back appear in yellow.[17]
  • Microprinting,[12] on various areas of the banknotes there is microprinting, for example, inside the "EYPΩ" (EURO in Greek characters) on the front. The micro-text is sharp, but not blurred.[17]
  • A security thread,[12] embedded in the banknote paper. The thread will appear as a dark stripe when held up to the light. The word "EURO" and the value is embedded in tiny letters on the thread.[15]
  • Perforations[12] in the hologram which will form the euro symbol. There are also small numbers showing the value.[15]
  • A matted surface;[12] the note paper is made out of pure cotton, which feels crisp and firm, but not limp or waxy.[16]
  • Barcodes,[12]
  • A serial number.[12]

The 100 euro notes are made of pure cotton fibre, which improves their durability as well as making the banknotes have a distinctive feel.[2] The printer code is positioned at the right of 9 o'clock star.[18]

Circulation

As of May 2012, there are approximately 1,652,287,100 €100 banknotes in circulation around the Eurozone 17.[19] That is approximately €165 billion worth of €100 banknotes.[19] The European Central Bank is closely monitoring the circulation and stock of the euro coins and banknotes. It is a task of the Eurosystem to ensure an efficient and smooth supply of euro notes and to maintain their integrity throughout the euro area.[19]

Tracking

There are several communities of hobbyists, such as EuroBillTracker,[20] which track the euro banknotes as they pass through their hands, to record their numbers and monitor their travel.[20] The aim of these communities is to gain details and statistics about the spread of the euro notes around the world.[20] EuroBillTracker had registered over 96 million notes as of October 2011.[21]

References

  1. ^ "ECB: Security Features". European Central Bank. ecb.int. 2002. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  2. ^ a b "ECB: Feel". European Central Bank. European Central Bank. 2002. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e "ECB: Introduction". ECB. ECB. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "ECB: Banknotes". European Central Bank. European Central Bank. 2002. Retrieved 13 October 2011. Cite error: The named reference "Banknotes index" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b c d "ECB: Banknotes design". ECB. ECB. February 1996. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  6. ^ "Witnessing a milestone in European history". The Herald. Back Issue. 1 January 2002. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  7. ^
  8. ^ "Press kit - tenth anniversary of the euro banknotes and coins" (PDF). ECB. Central Bank of Ireland. 2011. Retrieved 21 August, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  9. ^ a b "ECB Monthly bulletin- August 2005 - THE EURO BANKNOTES: DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES" (PDF). ECB. ecb.int. August 2005. Retrieved 21st August 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |note= ignored (help)
  10. ^ European Central Bank. "The Euro: Banknotes: Design elements". Retrieved 2009-07-05. The banknotes show a geographical representation of Europe. It excludes islands of less than 400 square kilometres because high-volume offset printing does not permit the accurate reproduction of small design elements.
  11. ^ The life cycle of a banknote, De Nederlandsche Bank. Accessed 2007-08-17.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "ECB: Security Features". ECB. ECB.
  13. ^ "Money talks - the new Euro cash". BBC News. BBC News. December 1996. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  14. ^ a b "ECB:Tilt". ECB. ecb.int. 1 January 2002. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  15. ^ a b c "ECB: Look". ECB. ecb.int. 1 January 2002. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  16. ^ a b "ECB: Feel". ECB. ecb.int. 1 January 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  17. ^ a b "ECB: Additional features". ECB. ecb.int. 1 January 2002. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  18. ^ "EuroTracer - Information Notes". EuroTracer. eurotracer.net. 2002. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
  19. ^ a b c "ECB: Circulation". European Central Bank. European Central Bank. August 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  20. ^ a b c "EuroBillTracker - About this site". Philippe Girolami, Anssi Johansson, Marko Schilde. EuroBillTracker. 1 January 2002. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  21. ^ "EuroBillTracker - Statistics". Philippe Girolami, Anssi Johansson, Marko Schilde. EuroBillTracker. 1 January 2002. Retrieved 21 October 2011.

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