User:Kuceez/sandbox

Sinitic family of scripts

Below is an incomplete tree of the sinitic scripts. The incompleteness of the tree is due to not solid evidence and numerous conflicting theories of certain scripts being related to the ones in the tree. Bold means that it is used today while italics means that the link between the scripts is unclear and unproven. The year of its founding is on the right, if it is the approximate date then circa or c.(about) is put. One or two regions it is used are in brackets. The ambiguity of the hiragana is due to the fact that many scholars believe that the hiragana system came from Baekje's Gugyeol system.

• 0. Cangjie - c. 2650 BC (China)(mythological)

• • 1. Neolithic signs in China - c. 6600 BC (China)

• • • 1.1. Oracle Bone Script - c. 1500 BC (China)

• • • • 1.1.1. Chinese bronze inscriptions - c. 1200 BC (China)

• • • • • 1.1.1.1. Large Seal Script - c. 800 BC (China)

• • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1. Small Seal Script - c. 300 BC (China)

• • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1. Clerical Script - c. 200 BC (China)

• • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Regular Script - c. 0 BC (China)

• • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Semi-Cursive Script - c. 100 CE (China)

• • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Cursive Script - c. 200 CE (China)

• • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Simplified Chinese Characters - 1935 (Communist China, Singapore and Malaysia)

• • • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Second round of simplified Chinese characters - 1975 (Communist China)

• • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2. Kanji - c. 50 CE (Japan)

• • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1. Man'yogana - c. 650 CE (Japan)

• • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1. Hiragana - c. 800 CE (Japan and Palau)

• • • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1. Conventional Okinawan Kana - c. 1400 CE (Ryukyu Islands)

• • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.1. Okinawan Council of Dissemination Kana System - c. 1900 CE (Ryukyu Islands)

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.1.1. Shin Okinawa-moji - 1988 CE (Ryukyu Islands)

• • • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1. Hentaigana - 1900 CE (Japan) (casted out of Hiragana)

• • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.2. Katakana - c. 800 CE (Japan)

• • • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.1. Taiwanese kana - 1896 CE (Taiwan)

• • • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.2. Extended Katakana for Ainu - c. 1900 CE (Hokkaido and Kuril Islands)

• • • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.3. Ryukyu Katakana - c. 1950 CE (Ryukyu Islands)

• • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.2. Ryakuji - c. 1900 CE (Japan)

• • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.2.1. Shinjitai - 1946 CE (Japan)

• • • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.2.1.1. Asahi characters - c. 1960 CE (Japan)

• • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.2.1.1.1. Extended Shinjitai - 1978 CE (Japan)

• • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.3. Hán tự - c. 200 CE (Viet Nam)

• • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.3.1 Chữ Nôm - c.1200 CE (Viet Nam)

• • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.4. Hanja - c. 500 CE (Korea)

• • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.4.1 Hyangchal - c. 900 CE (Korea)

• • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.4.2 Gugyeol - c. 1300 CE (Korea)

• • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.5. Zhuang logogram - c. 600 CE (SW China)

• • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.6. Zetian Characters - 689 CE (China)

• • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.7. Khitan scripts - c. 920 CE (N China and Central Asia)

• • • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.7.1 Jurchen script - 1200 CE (China)

• • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.8. Tangut script - 1036 CE (N China and Mongolia)

• • • • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.9. Nü Shu - c. 1400 CE (SW China)

• • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.2. Zhang Binglin's Seal Script Shorthand - c. 1900 CE (China and Taiwan)

• • • • • • • 1.1.1.1.1.2.1. Bopomofo - 1913 CE (China and Taiwan)

• • • • • 1.1.1.2. Bird-worm seal script - c. 750 BC (China)

• • • • • 1.1.1.3. Yi script - c. 600 BC (SW China)

• • • • • • 1.1.1.3.1. Geba script - c. 1000 CE (SW China)

• • • • • • 1.1.1.3.2. Sui Script - ? (SW China)

9 World Wars (according to the American Pageant) template

I. King William's War (Nine Years' War), 1688-1697

II. Queen Anne's War (War of the Spanish Succession), 1701-1714

III. King George's War (War of Austrian Succession), 1739-1748

IV. French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), 1754-1763

V. American Revolutionary War (American War of Independence), 1775-1783

VI. French Revolutionary Wars (Quasi-War), 1792- 1802

VII. Napoleonic Wars (War of 1812), 1803-1815

0. Russo-Japanese War ("World War Zer0"), 1904-1905

VIII. The Great War (World War I), 1914-1918

IX. Hitler's War/Pacific War (World War II), 1933-1945

X. The Cold War ("World War Thr33"), 1947-1991

XI. The Global War on Terrorism ("World War 4ore"), 1998-2021?

XII? "war with china" ("World War FiVe"), 20xx-20xx?

I-VII:Second Hundred Years' War 1688-1815

VIII-XI:Long War 1904-20xx?

http://www.shuowenjiezi.com/radicaux.php

Proto Sinaitic Family of scripts

Nearly all the segmental scripts of the world, which are loosely described as "alphabets",[1] appear to have derived from the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet. Proto-Sinaitic first appeared in Sinai and Egyptduring the Middle Bronze Age, and was adapted from Egyptian hieroglyphs. A possibly independent alphabet, Meroitic, was also adapted from Egyptian hieroglyphs, and may therefore be a cousin to the Proto-Sinaitic family.

Descendants of the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet include the Latin alphabet, the most widespread of the world's scripts, but also include such disparate cousins as Hebrew, Arabic, runes, Ethiopic,Devanagari (Hindi) and other scripts of India, Tibetan, the native scripts of the Philippines andIndonesia, and possibly, to a limited degree, Korean hangul[2] and Cree "syllabics".[3] There are also syllabic systems derived superficially from one of these alphabets, such as Cherokee and theJapanese Sign Language syllabary.

Only a few alphabets are not graphically derived from this family of scripts, including Ol Chiki (for Santali); Zhuyin (Chinese phonics); Tāna (Maldivian); and the extinct Ogham (Old Irish) and semi-alphabetic Old Persian cuneiform scripts. Some of the other writing systems unrelated to the Proto-Sinaitic family have been recently constructed, such as N'Ko (Bambara) and Braille.[4]

Genealogy

Many of these scripts are no longer widely used for writing any language today, having evolved into or been abandoned in favor of others. Those still in use are marked in bold.

Dates are intended to show the approximate "birthdate" of a script; however in many cases (marked by 'c.') they are widely approximate, and may be off even by centuries. In several cases, the development of one script into another was a gradual process over several centuries, that is difficult to pin down with precision. Following that date, in parentheses, is the name of one or two modern countries corresponding to the region where the script was first widely used. In a few cases, a direct graphic letter-to-letter correspondence cannot be precisely established between a 'parent script' and its children, making the exact placement of some family members somewhat controversial, e.g. in the case of the Georgian alphabet.

Much of the information here was compiled from the "Ancient Scripts" and "Omniglot" websites, which do not always agree.

0. Proto-Sinaitic - c. 1800 BC (Sinai) 1. Ugaritic abjad - c. 1500 BC (Syria) 2. Proto-Canaanite abjad - c. 1400 BC (Canaan) 2.1. Phoenician / Paleo-Hebrew abjad - c. 1100 BC (Canaan) 2.1.1. Aramaic abjad - c. 800 BC (Syria) 2.1.1.1. Brahmi abugida - c. 600 BC (India, Sri Lanka) 2.1.1.1.1. Cham abugida - c. AD 200 (Vietnam, Cambodia) 2.1.1.1.2. Gupta abugida - c. 400 (N. India) 2.1.1.1.2.1. Siddham abugida - c. 600 (N. India) 2.1.1.1.2.1.1. Tibetan abugida - c. 650 (Tibet) 2.1.1.1.2.1.1.1. Phagspa abugida - 1269 (Mongolia) 2.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.1.Hangul - 1443 (Korea) (hypothetical) 2.1.1.1.2.1.1.1.1.1.New Korean Orthography- 1948 (North Korea)

2.1.1.1.2.1.1.2. Lepcha abugida - c. 1700 (Bhutan) 2.1.1.1.2.1.1.2.1.Limbu abugida - c. 1740 (Sikkim)

2.1.1.1.2.2. Nagari abugida - c. 750 (India) 2.1.1.1.2.2.1. Bengali abugida - c. 1050 (E. India, Bangladesh) 2.1.1.1.2.2.1.1. Oriya abugida - c. 1100 (E. India)

2.1.1.1.2.2.2. Devanagari abugida - c. 1100 (India) 2.1.1.1.2.2.2.1. Newari / Ranjana abugida - c. 1150 (Nepal) 2.1.1.1.2.2.2.1.1Soyombo abugida - c. 1686 (Mongolia)

2.1.1.1.2.2.2.2. Modi abugida - c. 1600 (India) 2.1.1.1.2.2.2.3. Gujarati abugida - c. 1600 (India) 2.1.1.1.2.2.2.4. Cree abugida - 1841 (Canada)

2.1.1.1.2.3. Sharada abugida - c. 770 (Pakistan) 2.1.1.1.2.3.1. Gurmukhi abugida - c. 1539 (Pakistan, N. India)

2.1.1.1.3. Pallava abugida - c. 400 (S. India) 2.1.1.1.3.1. Khmer abugida - c. 600 (Cambodia) 2.1.1.1.3.1.1. Thai abugida - 1283 (Thailand) 2.1.1.1.3.1.1.1. Lao abugida - c. 1350 (Laos)

2.1.1.1.3.2. Mon abugida - c. 700 (Burma) 2.1.1.1.3.2.1. Burmese abugida- c. 1050 (Burma)

2.1.1.1.3.3. Old Kawi abugida - c. 775 (Indonesia) 2.1.1.1.3.3.1. Javanese abugida- c. 900 (Indonesia) 2.1.1.1.3.3.2. Balinese abugida- c. 1000 (Indonesia) 2.1.1.1.3.3.3. Old Sundanese abugida - c. 1300 (Indonesia) 2.1.1.1.3.3.3.1. Formal Sundanese abugida - 1997 (Indonesia)

2.1.1.1.3.3.4. Batak abugida - c. 1300 (Indonesia) 2.1.1.1.3.3.5. Baybayin abugida- c. 1300 (Philippines) 2.1.1.1.3.3.6. Buhid abugida - c. 1300 (Philippines) 2.1.1.1.3.3.7. Hanunó'o abugida- c. 1300 (Philippines) 2.1.1.1.3.3.8. Tagbanwa abugida - c. 1300 (Philippines) 2.1.1.1.3.3.9. Lontara abugida - c. 1600 (Indonesia) 2.1.1.1.3.3.10. Rejang abugida- ? (Indonesia) 2.1.1.1.3.3.11. Lampung abugida - ? (Indonesia) 2.1.1.1.3.3.12. Kerinci abugida- ? (Indonesia)

2.1.1.1. Bhattiprolu abugida - c. 400 BC (S India) 2.1.1.1.4. Kadamba abugida - c. 450 (S India) 2.1.1.1.4.1. Kannada abugida - c. 1200 (S.India) 2.1.1.1.4.2. Telugu abugida - c. 1200 (S. India)

2.1.1.1.5. Kalinga abugida - c. 500 (E India) 2.1.1.1.6. Grantha abugida - c. 500 (S India) 2.1.1.1.6.1. Sinhala abugida - c. 700 (Sri Lanka) 2.1.1.1.6.1.1. Dhives Akuru abugida - c. 1100 (Maldives)

2.1.1.1.6.2. Tamil abugida - c. 700 (India, Sri Lanka) 2.1.1.1.6.2.1. Sourashtra abugida - c. 1900 (S. India)

2.1.1.1.6.3. Malayalam abugida - c. 1100 (S. India)

2.1.1.1.7. Tocharian abugida - c. 500 (W. China) 2.1.1.1.8. Ahom abugida - c. 1250 (E. India)

2.1.1.2. Modern Hebrew abjad - c. 300 BC (Israel) 2.1.1.3. Kharosthi abugida - c. 250 BC (Pakistan, Afghanistan) 2.1.1.4. Pahlavi abjad - c. 200 BC (NE. Iran, W. China) 2.1.1.4.1. Avestan alphabet - c. AD 400 (SW. Iran)

2.1.1.5. Syriac abjad - c. 200 BC (Syria, Iraq) 2.1.1.5.1. Sogdian abjad - c. AD 100 (Uzbekistan) 2.1.1.5.1.1. Manichaean abjad - c. 300 (N.E. Iran) 2.1.1.5.1.2. Georgian alphabet - c. 430 (Georgia) 2.1.1.5.1.3. Orkhon alphabet - c. 700 (Mongolia) 2.1.1.5.1.3.1. Old Hungarian alphabet - c. 900 (Hungary)

2.1.1.5.1.4. Old Uyghur alphabet - c. 1000 (NW China) 2.1.1.5.1.4.1. Mongolian alphabet - c. 1100 (Mongolia) 2.1.1.5.1.4.1.1. Manchu alphabet - 1599 (NE China)

2.1.1.5.1.4.2. Todo alphabet - 1649 (NW China)

2.1.1.5.2. Nabataean abjad - c. 200 BC (Jordan) 2.1.1.5.2.1. Arabic abjad - c. AD 400 (Jordan, N. Arabia) 2.1.1.5.2.1.1. Jawi abjad - c. 1300 (Malaysia, Brunei)

2.1.1.6. Mandaic alphabet - c. 100 (Iran)

2.1.2. Samaritan abjad - c. 600 BC (Israel) 2.1.3. Greek alphabet - c. 800 BC (Greece) (first adds vowels)[5][6] 2.1.4. Alphabets of Asia Minor - c. 800 BC (Anatolia) 2.1.4.1. Cumae alphabet - c. 750 BC (Greece, Italy) 2.1.4.1.1. Etruscan alphabet - c. 700 BC (Italy) 2.1.4.1.1.1. Venetic alphabet - c. 700 BC (Italy) 2.1.4.1.1.1.1. Runic alphabet - c. AD 150 (Germany, Scandinavia)

2.1.4.1.1.2. Latin alphabet - c. 700 BC (Italy) 2.1.4.1.1.2.1. Faliscan alphabet - c. 400 BC (Italy) 2.1.4.1.1.2.2. Cherokee syllabary- 1819 (United States)[7] 2.1.4.1.1.2.2.1. Vai syllabary - c. 1815-40s (Liberia and Sierra Leone) (hypothetical)[8]

2.1.4.1.1.2.3. Great Lakes Algonquian syllabary - c. 1880 (United States) 2.1.4.1.1.2.4. Fraser alphabet - 1915 (China)

2.1.4.1.1.3. Oscan alphabet - c. 600 BC (Italy)

2.1.4.1.2. Messapic alphabet - c. 550 BC (Italy)

2.1.4.2. Greco-Iberian alphabet - c. 400 BC (Spain) 2.1.4.3. Coptic alphabet - c. 200 BC (Egypt) 2.1.4.4. Gothic alphabet - c. AD 300 (Ukraine) 2.1.4.5. Armenian alphabet - 405 (Armenia) 2.1.4.6. Glagolitic alphabet - 862 (Byzantine Empire) 2.1.4.7. Cyrillic alphabet - c. 940 (Bulgaria) 2.1.4.7.1. Old Permic script - 1372 (Siberia) 2.1.4.7.2. Abkhaz alphabet - 1865 (Abkhazia)

2.1.5. Tartessian semi-syllabary - c. 600 BC (Portugal and Spain) 2.1.5.1. Southeastern Iberian semi-syllabary - c. 400 BC (Spain) 2.1.5.1.1. Northeastern Iberian semi-syllabary - c. 400 BC (Spain and France) 2.1.5.1.1.1. Celtiberian semi-syllabary - c. 200 BC (Spain)

2.1.6. Tifinagh abjad - c. 250 BC (NW Africa) 2.1.6.1. Neo-Tifinagh alphabet - c. AD 1965 (Morocco)

3. South Arabian abjad - c. 900 BC (Arabian Peninsula, Ethiopia, Eritrea [=D'mt]) 3.1. Old Geez abjad - c. 500 BC (Ethiopia, Eritrea) 3.1.1. Ge'ez abugida - c. AD 300 (Ethiopia, Eritrea [=Aksum])

3.2. Thamudic abjad - c. 200 BC (N. Arabia)

Footnotes

↑ Despite many of these scripts commonly being called "alphabets", the recent linguistic classifications of abugidas and semi-syllabaries are shown in Italic in the Genealogy list; the others listed are abjads or alphabets proper. ↑ Some scholars, including Gari Ledyard, believe that the core consonants of hangul were taken from the Phagspa script, with the other consonants derived from these. See origin of hangul for more complete information. ↑ Most of the consonants appear to derive from Devanagari, and the vowels from shorthand. ↑ Braille is derived from the Latin alphabetic order, but not from the shapes of the letters. ↑ Ancient Scripts: Timeline ↑ Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο) ↑ Sequoyah was inspired by the Latin alphabet from looking at a Bible. He couldn't read it, but it became the basis for his script. ↑ P.E.H. Hair, Svend Holsoe and Tuchscherer believe (in different ways) there was a contact between the Cherokee and Vai speaking people who gave the script to the Vai.