Francesco Redi
Francesco Redi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | February 18, 1626 Arezzo, Italy |
| Died | March 1, 1697 (aged 71) Pisa, Italy |
| Nationality | Tuscany |
| Alma mater | University of Pisa |
| Known for | Experiments challenging spontaneous generation |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Medicine, Entomology |
| Institutions | Florence |
Francesco Redi (February 18, 1626 – March 1, 1697) was an Italian physician, naturalist, and poet.
Biography
The son of Gregorio Rpieedi and Cecilia de Ghinci was born in Arezzo on February 18, 1626. After schooling with the Jesuits, he attended the University of Pisa. As a doctor, he became court physician to Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and his successor, Cosimo III. His research resulted in membership in Accademia dei Lincei. He died in his sleep on March 1, 1697, and his remains were returned to Arezzo for interment.[1][2]
Research
He is most well known for his series of experiments, published in 1668 as Esperienze Intorno alla Generazione degl'Insetti (Experiments on the Generation of Insects), which is regarded as one of the first steps in refuting "spontaneous generation" - a theory also known as Aristotelian abiogenesis. At the time, prevailing wisdom was that maggots formed naturally from rotting meat.
Redi took six jars, which he divided in two groups of three: In one experiment, in the first jar of each group, he put an unknown object; in the second, a dead fish; in the last, a raw chunk of veal. Redi took the first group of three, and covered the tops with fine gauze so that only air could get into it. He left the other group of jars open. After several days, he saw maggots appear on the objects in the open jars, on which flies had been able to land, but not in the gauze-covered jars. In the second experiment, meat was kept in three jars. One of the jars was uncovered, and two of the jars were covered, one with cork and the other one with gauze. Flies could only enter the uncovered jar, and in this, maggots appeared. In the jar that was covered with gauze, maggots appeared on the gauze but did not survive.[3]
He continued his experiments by capturing the maggots and waiting for them to metamorphose, which they did, becoming flies. Also, when dead flies or maggots were put in sealed jars with dead animals or veal, no maggots appeared, but when the same thing was done with living flies, maggots did.
Achievements outside science
As a poet, Redi's best known work is the dithyramb, "Bacco in Toscana" ("Bacchus in Tuscany"). He was admitted to two literary societies: the Academy of Arcadia and the Accademia della Crusca.[1]
A crater on Mars was named in his honor.
Notes
- ^ a b Francesco Redi of Arezzo (1909) [1668]. Mab Bigelow (translation and notes) (ed.). Experiments on the Generation of Insects. Chicago: Open Court. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
- ^ Francesco Redi of Arezzo (1825) [1685]. Leigh Hunt (translation and notes) (ed.). Bacchus in Tuscany. London: Printed by J. C. Kelly for John and H. L. Hunt. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
- ^ http://fermi.imss.fi.it/rd/bdv?/bdviewer/bid=323861
References
- Altieri Biagi, Maria Luisa (1968). Lingua e cultura di Francesco Redi, medico. Florence: L. S. Olschki. ISBN IT\ICCU\SBL\0070073.
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External links
- Francesco Redi entry in the Catholic Encyclopedia
- Experiments on the Generation of Insects, translation of the 5th edition (1688)
- Bacco in Toscana (English translation: Bacchus in Tuscany)
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