Denison barb
| Sahyadria denisonii | |
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| Species: | S. denisonii
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| Binomial name | |
| Sahyadria denisonii (F. Day, 1865)
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Denison's barb (Sahyadria denisonii), also known as the red-line torpedo barb or roseline shark, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to the fast-flowing hill streams and rivers of the Western Ghats in India.[2][3] It is commonly seen in the aquarium trade.[4]
Physical characteristics
The fish is characterized by a torpedo-shaped body with silver scales, a red line running from their snout, through the eye, back towards the middle of the body; and below the red line, a black line that runs the length of the fish to the tail. As they mature, a distinctive green/blue marking on top of the head develops. This species reputedly reaches a length of 16 centimetres (6.3 in)
Habitat and threats
Denison's barb or red line torpedo barb is endemic to the Achenkovil and Chaliyar rivers. Specifically, they are found in four locations — Cheenkannipuzha (a major tributary of Velapattanam River), the Achankovil river, the Chaliyar river and near Mundakayam town.[5] The species has an estimated range of 8,805 km2 (3,400 sq mi). S. denisonii is a benthopelagic species that is gregarious and shoals are known to occur in rocky pools with thick vegetation along their banks. They thrive in a subtropical climate in water with a 6.8–7.8 pH, a water hardness of 5–25 dGH and a temperature range of 65 to 79 °F (18 to 26 °C).
As reported by Practical Fishkeeping in January 2009, new research by team of scientists from India suggests that the species is being over-exploited for the aquarium trade, potentially placing it at risk of extinction.[6] In spite of being listed as Endangered by local assessment reports [7] the fish had been promoted as an 'Export item' by several government agencies.
The fish was most likely collected and exported out of India in 1996. In 1997, it won the third prize at 'Aquarama 1997' (world exhibition on Ornamental fish) under the 'New Species Category'.[8] By 2007-08 it constituted about 60- 65% of the total live ornamental fish exported from India which was worth US$ 1.54 million. Though the Government of Kerala banned the fishing and export of the endangered barb, it is yet to be listed under the National Wlidlife Protection Act.
In the aquarium
This fish is a relatively new addition to the fish keeping hobby. The Denison's barb is a schooling fish that is usually kept in groups. It tends to be peaceful but some have been known to be slightly aggressive around food, especially if kept in less space than they require. They eat bloodworms, shrimp, meat, fish flake and some vegetation. A similar fish, Sahyadria chalakkudiensis is sometimes confused with this fish, but it is a larger, less colourful and a more aggressive species.
Breeding
Over the years many efforts have been made to breed this rapidly depleting species in captivity, initially with limited success. In 2009, success came from the work carried out at the Fisheries College, Kerala by Dr.T.V Anna Mercy. Equally if not more important breeding efforts was been carried out by Chester Zoo and two amateur fish-lovers from Chennai (India), Venkatesh and Murali.[9] These efforts would pave the way for standardizing the process and would be a major boost to conservation and the ornamental fish trade in India. Large numbers are now being bred in captivity at commercial facilities.[4]
See also
References
- ^ Ali, A., Raghavan, R. & Dahanukar, N. 2011. Puntius denisonii. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 28 November 2013.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Puntius denisonii". FishBase. October 2013 version.
- ^ Raghavan, R., Philip, S., Ali, A. & Dahanukar, N. (2013): Sahyadria, a new genus of barbs (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Western Ghats of India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5 (15): 4932-4938.
- ^ a b Seriously Fish: Puntius denisonii. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- ^ Mathew, Dennis Marcus. ‘Miss Kerala’ gets a protective shield, The Hindu(February 01,2010) [1]
- ^ Practical Fishkeeping(January 11, 2009), Kerala government bans fishing for this species.[2]
- ^ Molur, S. and Walker, S., Report of the workshop on ‘Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for Fresh Water Fishes of India’, Zoo Outreach Organization and NBFGR, Lucknow, 1998,p. 156.
- ^ Raghavan, R. et al., Aquat. Conserv: March Freshwater Res., 2009, 19, 67–74.
- ^ Mathew, Dennis Marcus. ‘Miss Kerala’ gets a protective shield, The Hindu(February 01,2010) [3]
- Clarke, Matt. "The Red lined torpedo, Puntius denisonii (with details on an imposter species P. chalakudiensis)". Practical Fishkeeping. Retrieved April 19, 2004.
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