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2014 Pacific hurricane season

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2014 Pacific hurricane season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedMay 22, 2014
Last system dissipatedCurrently active
Strongest storm
NameAmanda
 • Maximum winds155 mph (250 km/h)
 • Lowest pressure932 mbar (hPa; 27.52 inHg)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions11
Total storms11
Hurricanes5
Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+)		3
Total fatalities9 total
Total damageUnknown
Related article
Pacific hurricane seasons
2012, 2013, 2014, Post-2014

The 2014 Pacific hurricane season marked the third consecutive season in which a tropical cyclone was noted in May. The season officially started on May 15 in the East Pacific Ocean and in the Central Pacific on June 1; they will both end on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Pacific basin. However, the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year.

Seasonal forecasts

Predictions of tropical activity in the 2014 season
Source Date Named
storms 		Hurricanes Major
hurricanes 		Ref
Average (1981–2010) 15.4 7.6 3.2 [1]
Record high activity 28 16 10 [2]
Record low activity 8 3† 0† [2]
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
SMN March 12, 2014 15 7 3 [3]
SMN April 10, 2014 14 7 5 [4]
NOAA May 22, 2014 14–20 7–11 3–6 [5]
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Actual activity
 11 5 3
† Most recent of several such occurrences. (See all)

On March 12, 2014, the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) issued their first outlook for the Pacific hurricane season, expecting a total of fifteen named storms, seven hurricanes, and three major hurricanes[nb 1] expected.[3] A month later, the agency revised their outlook to fourteen named storms, seven hurricanes, and five major hurricanes, citing the anticipated development of El Niño for above-average activity, compared to the 1949-2013 average of 13.2,[4] On May 22, the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) announced its prediction of 14 to 20 named storms, seven to eleven hurricanes, three to six major hurricanes, and an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) within 95-160% of the median.[5] It also called for a 50 percent chance of an above-normal season, a 40 percent chance of a near-normal season, and a 10 percent chance of a below-normal season. Similar to the SMN outlook, the basis for the forecast was the expectation of below average wind shear and above average sea surface temperatures, both factors associated with El Niño conditions.[6] Within the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC)'s jurisdiction, four to seven tropical cyclones were expected to form, near or above the average of four to five tropical cyclones.[7]

Seasonal summary

See also: Timeline of the 2014 Pacific hurricane season
Tropical Storm Genevieve (2014)Tropical Storm Boris (2014)Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

The season's first named storm, Amanda, developed on May 23, shortly after the official start to the Pacific hurricane season on May 15. Based on the 1971–2009 long-term average, the average date for the first named storm is June 10. On May 24, the system intensified into a hurricane, transcending the climatological average date of June 26 for the first hurricane. The next day, Amanda attained major hurricane status, over a month sooner than the average date of July 19.[8]

The Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index for the season as of 1500 UTC (8 a.m. PDT) August 5 is 55.195 units for the East Pacific and 0.565 units for the Central Pacific.[nb 2] Through June 14, the seasonal ACE reached its highest level since 1971, when reliable records began, for so early in the season. Compared to the 1981–2010 average, 2014 was six times above normal.[9] By the end of June, the ACE total remained at 230% of the normal value.[10]

Storms

Hurricane Amanda

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 22 – May 29
Peak intensity155 mph (250 km/h) (1-min);
932 mbar (hPa)

The National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring an area of disturbed weather south-southwest of the Gulf of Tehuantepec on May 19.[11] Tracking west-northwest in a favorable environment, the disturbance attained sufficient organization to be declared a tropical depression at 2100 UTC on May 22;[12] it intensified into Tropical Storm Amanda by 1500 UTC the following day in conjunction with satellite intensity estimates.[13] By 1500 UTC on May 24, the system intensified into the first hurricane of the season and began a 24-hour period of rapid deepening, in which winds increased from 75 mph (120 km/h) to 155 mph (250 km/h).[14][15] Shortly after peak intensity, increasing wind shear, drier air, and upwelling caused Amanda to begin a weakening trend.[16] However, during the afternoon of May 27, Amanda briefly re-intensified to a Category 3 hurricane as the eye once again became visible on satellite imagery,[17] only to weaken back to a Category 2 hurricane for a second time hours later roughly 575 mi (920 km) south-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.[18] On May 28, Amanda weakened to a tropical storm and a tropical depression the next day.[19][20] By 2100 UTC, the depression degenerated into a non-convective remnant area of low pressure.[21]

Under the anticipation of heavy rains and landslides, weather alerts were issued for Guerrero and Manzanillo.[22][23][24] Thirty-four shelters opened in Michoacán while 80 opened in Guerrero.[25] Heavy rains occurred Guerrero, resulting in flooding.[26] A river near Coyuca de Benítez overflowed its banks. Three trees were brought down and a vehicle in Acapulco was destroyed.[27] State-wide, one person was killed when a tree that had fallen on the road resulted in a fatal car wreck.[26] In Colima, minor landslides occurred, resulting in the closure of Federal Highway 200.[25] Much of Michoacán was battered by large waves and heavy rains, resulting in two casualties.[28] Several roads were destroyed in Zitácuaro.[29] On May 25, Amanda became the second-earliest East Pacific major hurricane on record, behind 2012's Hurricane Bud.[30] Later that day, it also became the strongest May tropical cyclone in the Eastern Pacific basin in the satellite era,[15] eclipsing the previous record set by Hurricane Adolph in 2001, which had peak winds of 145 mph (230 km/h).[31]

Tropical Storm Boris

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 2 – June 4
Peak intensity40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min);
999 mbar (hPa)
Main article: Tropical Storm Boris (2014)

The precursor of Tropical Storm Boris developed as an area of disturbed weather, possibly connected with a tropical wave, south of Guatemala in late May.[32][33] Gradually becoming better organized,[34] the NHC designated the system as a tropical depression on June 2, based on a combination of ship observations and satellite intensity estimates.[35] Despite its designation, the disturbance remained generally disorganized, with the prescense of multiple and distinct circulation centers.[36] However, additional satellite monitoring indicated that the depression exhibited winds of tropical storm force, and accordingly the NHC upgraded the system to Tropical Storm Boris early on June 3.[37] Although initial forecasts suggested that Boris would meander for several days over open waters,[35] the storm quickly tracked northward, bringing it to a landfall near Chiapas, Mexico at around 0600 UTC on June 4.[38] Soon thereafter Boris succumbed to interaction with land, and degenerated into a trough of low pressure over the Isthmus of Tehuantepec later that day.[39]

Posing a considerable rainfall and mudslide threat to Guatemala, classes were suspended in nine school districts, impacting 1.25 million pupils.[40] Similarly, some classes were suspended in the Mexican states of Chiapas and Oaxaca.[41][42] In the former, roughly 16,000 people were evacuated out of hazardous areas.[43] Most of the impacts associated with Boris were due to its developing precursor, whose heavy rainfalls caused 20 mudslides, killing five and resulting in extensive property damage.[40][44] Heavy rainfall in Chiapas caused rivers to overflow their banks,[45] resulting in minor damage.[46] Overall, the effects of Tropical Storm Boris and its precursor killed six people across Central America.[40][47]

Hurricane Cristina

Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 9 – June 15
Peak intensity150 mph (240 km/h) (1-min);
935 mbar (hPa)

In early June, the NHC began monitoring a broad area of low pressure within the monsoon trough south of Mexico.[48][49] Associated convective activity increased and became well-organized, leading to the formation of a tropical depression by 2100 UTC on June 9.[50] Amid a favorable environment, the depression steady intensified, becoming Tropical Storm Cristina six hours later and a Category 1 hurricane early the next day.[51][52] Over the subsequent 24 hours, the cyclone began a period of rapid deepening, becoming a Category 3 hurricane – the earliest second major hurricane on record in the East Pacific – by 0900 UTC on June 12 and a Category 4 hurricane by 1230 UTC as it developed a well-defined eye surrounded by extremely cold cloudtops.[53][54] After attaining peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h), increasing westerly shear and mid-level dry air prompted Cristina to begin a weakening trend.[55] The storm weakened to a tropical storm by 1500 UTC on June 14 and further to a tropical depression 24 hours later.[56][57] At 2100 UTC, Cristina was declared a post-tropical cyclone after having been devoid of deep convection for a day.[58]

Under the anticipation of 12 ft (3.7 m) waves,[59] a "yellow" alert was issued for Colima, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and parts of Jalisco and Michoacan.[60] Along Manzanillo, strong waves resulted in minor flooding that damaged one road.[61]

Tropical Storm Douglas

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 28 – July 5
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1000 mbar (hPa)

On June 23, the NHC began highlighting the potential for a tropical cyclone to develop south of Mexico several days out.[62] A large area of shower and thunderstorm activity developed on June 25,[63] leading to the formation of a broad area of low pressure two days later.[64] Steered west-northwest by a mid-level ridge to the north, the disturbance steadily organized over warm water and in a low wind shear environment and acquired sufficient organization to be declared a tropical depression by 2100 UTC on June 28.[65] At 0300 UTC on June 30, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Douglas.[66]

Later on June 30, Douglas attained its peak intensity with 45 mph winds, but the NHC noted that this operational estimate could possibly be slightly low.[67] As a result of dry air infiltrating Douglas' circulation and Douglas traversing cooler waters, its maximum sustained winds decreased to 40 mph on 2 July.[68] The unfavorable conditions slowly but surely took their toll on Douglas, and the storm weakened to a tropical depression during the early morning hours of July 5.[69] At 11:00 Eastern Time the same day, Douglas was declared a post-tropical cyclone, as it had lost all of its deep convention and its center of circulation was fully exposed.[70]

Tropical Storm Elida

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 30 – July 2
Peak intensity50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min);
1003 mbar (hPa)

The NHC began monitoring a large area of disorganized showers south of Central America on June 27, as the system tracked generally west-northwestward.[71] Despite unfavorable upper-level winds as a result of its proximity to nearby Tropical Storm Douglas, convection associated with the disturbance steadily increased over the coming days, resulting in the designation of Tropical Storm Elida by 1500 UTC on June 30.[72] Initially, moderate to strong wind shear was expected to decrease in subsequent days, allowing for some intensification of the cyclone;[73] however, this did not occur and Elida began to weaken instead as the low-level center became decoupled from the deep convection.[74] After being devoid of thunderstorms for over 12 hours, the system was declared a post-tropical cyclone by 0900 UTC, on July 2.[75]

Tropical Storm Fausto

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 7 – July 9
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1004 mbar (hPa)

On July 7, an area of low pressure located about 1,000 nautical miles (1,200 mi; 1,900 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California acquired enough organized convection near its center to be declared Tropical Storm Fausto.[76] Soon afterwards, Fausto attained its peak intensity of 40 knots (45 mph; 75 km/h), and it developed a larger, more symmetrical shape with good upper-level outflow.[77] As a result of a low to mid-level ridge to the north of Fausto, the storm moved on a west-northwestward track, and late on July 8, the National Hurricane Center determined that Fausto's center had pulled away from the main area of convection.[78][79] Fausto continued to weaken, and by 0900 UTC July 9, Fausto was downgraded to a tropical depression; this weakening was believed by the NHC to be at least partly due to dry air entrainment in the mid-levels of the atmosphere.[80] Within the following six hours, Fausto decreased in its intensity, and by 1500 UTC, Fausto had degenerated to a remnant trough of low pressure.[81]

Tropical Storm Wali

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 17 – July 19
Peak intensity45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min);
1001 mbar (hPa)

On July 17, the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) began issuing advisories on the newly formed Tropical Depression One-C, located about 1,070 miles (1,720 km) east-southeast of Honolulu.[82] Within one hour, the depression had further intensified; as the CPHC had recently received information from a satellite pass detecting a 35 to 40 kt swath on the west side of the system, it decided to upgrade Tropical Depression One-C to Tropical Storm Wali at 2200 UTC July 17.[83] Wali continued forward in a northwestward direction as it was steered around a mid-level ridge centered to its northeast.[84] While deep convection continued with Wali's overall circulation, the low-level circulation center was on the western edge of a continuously shrinking ball of convection.[85] Based on visible and microwave satellite fixes made after Wali's center was found to be considerably farther north and west than expected, Wali was downgraded to a tropical depression by the CPHC at 2100 UTC July 18.[86] By 0300 UTC July 19, visible satellite imagery showed only a small low cloud vortex, being the remnants of Wali, as the storm had degenerated into a post-tropical remnant low.[87]


Tropical Storm Genevieve

Main article: Tropical Storm Genevieve (2014)
Tropical Storm Genevieve
Current storm status
Tropical storm (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:11 p.m. HST (0900 UTC) August 6
Location:12°06′N 175°12′W / 12.1°N 175.2°W / 12.1; -175.2 (Tropical Storm Genevieve) ± 30 nm
About 1,305 mi (2,105 km) WSW of Honolulu, Hawaii
About 495 mi 800 km) SW of Johnston Island
Sustained winds:40 knots (45 mph; 75 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 50 knots (60 mph; 95 km/h)
Pressure:999 mbar (hPa; 29.50 inHg)
Movement:WNW at 14 knots (16 mph; 26 km/h)
See more detailed information.

Tropical Depression Seven-E formed on July 25.[88][89] NHC and JTWC made its final advisories on Genevieve on July 27 and became remnant low. Just after two days of being a remnant low, it reorganized to a tropical depression,[90] before dissipating on the next day. Due to favorable conditions, again, the remnants regenerated into a tropical depression for a second time (Genevieve itself generated into a tropical depression for the third time) on August 2. It regained tropical storm intensity later that day.[91]

Current storm information

As of 11 a.m. HST (2100 UTC) August 5, Tropical Storm Genevieve is located within 30 nautical miles of 11°24′N 173°06′W / 11.4°N 173.1°W / 11.4; -173.1 (Tropical Storm Genevieve), about 1,215 miles (1,955 km) west-southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii and about 440 miles (705 km) southwest of Johnston Island. Maximum sustained winds are 40 knots (45 mph, 75 km/h), with stronger gusts. Minimum central pressure is 1003 millibars (hPa; 29.62 inHg), and the system is moving west-northwest at 14 knots (16 mph, 26 km/h). Tropical storm-force winds extend outward up to 25 miles (35 km) from the center of Genevieve.

For latest official information see:

Hurricane Hernan

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 26 – July 29
Peak intensity75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min);
992 mbar (hPa)

Tropical Depression Eight-E formed several hundred miles south-southeast of Baja California peninsula on July 26.[92] It strengthened into Tropical Storm Hernan later that day.[93]

Hurricane Iselle

Hurricane Iselle
Current storm status
Category 2 hurricane (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:5 p.m. HST August 5 (0300 UTC August 6)
Location:16°48′N 141°36′W / 16.8°N 141.6°W / 16.8; -141.6 (Hurricane Iselle) ± 20 nm
About 905 mi (1,460 km) E of Hilo, Hawaii
Sustained winds:85 knots (100 mph; 155 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 105 knots (120 mph; 195 km/h)
Pressure:977 mbar (hPa; 28.85 inHg)
Movement:WNW at 11 knots (13 mph; 20 km/h)
See more detailed information.

Tropical Storm Iselle formed on July 31 about 1075 mi (1730 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California.[94][95] By 0900 UTC August 1, Iselle had developed deep convection in a central dense overcast, and the storm continued to intensify with only light-to-moderate wind shear and warm waters conducive for further development.[96] Iselle continued to travel on a west-northwestward track as it moved around the subtropical ridge to its north, and by 0300 UTC August 2, Iselle had intensified into a Category 1 hurricane with a well-defined eye and cold cloud tops in a small, dense central overcast.[97] Moderate vertical wind shear started to affect Iselle, with the storm's mid-level center being displaced to the south of the low-level center, but despite the shear, Iselle managed to further strengthen to Category 2 intensity by 2100 UTC August 2.[98][99]

Current storm information

As of 5 p.m. HST August 5 (0300 UTC August 6), Hurricane Iselle is located within 20 nautical miles of 16°48′N 141°36′W / 16.8°N 141.6°W / 16.8; -141.6 (Hurricane Iselle), about 905 miles (1,460 km) east of Hilo, Hawaii. Maximum sustained winds are 85 knots (100 mph, 155 km/h), with stronger gusts. Minimum central pressure is 977 millibars (hPa; 28.85 inHg), and the system is moving west-northwest at 11 knots (13 mph, 20 km/h). Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 30 miles (45 km) from the center of Iselle and tropical storm-force winds extend outward up to 115 miles (185 km) from the center. That day it was declared a Category 4 storm.[100]

For latest official information see:

Current watches and warnings

Template:HurricaneWarningsTable

Hurricane Julio

Hurricane Julio
Current storm status
Category 1 hurricane (1-min mean)
File:Julio Aug 5 2014 2145Z.jpg
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:2 a.m. PDT (0900 UTC) August 6
Location:14°48′N 129°00′W / 14.8°N 129.0°W / 14.8; -129.0 (Hurricane Julio) ± 20 nm
About 1,750 mi (2,820 km) E
of Hilo,Hawaii
Sustained winds:65 knots (75 mph; 120 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 80 knots (90 mph; 150 km/h)
Pressure:989 mbar (hPa; 29.21 inHg)
Movement:WNW at 15 knots (17 mph; 28 km/h)
See more detailed information.

Tropical Depression Ten-E formed late on August 3.[101] Early on August 4, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Julio.[102]

Current storm information

As of 2 a.m. PDT (0900 UTC) August 5, Hurricane Julio is located within 20 nautical miles of 14°48′N 129°00′W / 14.8°N 129.0°W / 14.8; -129.0 (Hurricane Julio), about 1,750 miles (2,820 km) east of Hilo,Hawaii. Maximum sustained winds are 65 knots (75 mph, 120 km/h), with stronger gusts. Minimum central pressure is 989 millibars (hPa; 29.21 inHg), and the system is moving west at 15 knots (17 mph, 28 km/h). Tropical storm-force winds extend outward up to 105 miles (165 km) from the center of Julio.

For latest official information see:

Storm names

The following names will be used for named storms that form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean during 2014. Retired names, if any, will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization in the spring of 2015. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2020 season.[103] This is the same list used in the 2008 season with the exception of Amanda, which replaced Alma; the name Amanda was used for the first time in 2014.

  • Amanda
  • Boris
  • Cristina
  • Douglas
  • Elida
  • Fausto
  • Genevieve (active)
  • Hernan
  • Iselle (active)
  • Julio (active)
  • Karina (unused)
  • Lowell (unused)
  • Marie (unused)
  • Norbert (unused)
  • Odile (unused)
  • Polo (unused)
  • Rachel (unused)
  • Simon (unused)
  • Trudy (unused)
  • Vance (unused)
  • Winnie (unused)
  • Xavier (unused)
  • Yolanda (unused)
  • Zeke (unused)

For storms that form in the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility, encompassing the area between 140 degrees west and the International Date Line, all names are used in a series of four rotating lists.[104] The next four names slated for use are shown below.

  • Wali
  • Ana (unused)
  • Ela (unused)
  • Halola (unused)

Season effects

This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 2014 Pacific hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s), denoted in parenthesis, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2014 USD.

2014 Pacific hurricane season statistics
Storm
name 		Dates active Storm category
at peak intensity 		Max 1-min
wind
mph (km/h) 		Min.
press.
(mbar) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Ref(s)
Amanda May 22 – May 29 Category 4 hurricane 155 (250) 932 Western Mexico Minimal 3
Boris June 2 – June 4 Tropical storm 40 (65) 999 Southwestern Mexico, Guatemala Unknown 6
Cristina June 9 – June 15 Category 4 hurricane 150 (240) 935 Western Mexico, Revillagigedo Islands Minimal None
Douglas June 28 – July 5 Tropical storm 45 (75) 1000 None None None
Elida June 30 – July 2 Tropical storm 50 (85) 1003 Western Mexico Unknown None
Fausto July 7 – July 9 Tropical storm 45 (75) 1004 Hawaii Unknown None
Wali July 17 – July 19 Tropical storm 45 (75) 1001 None None None
Genevieve July 25 – Currently active Tropical storm 60 (110) 999 None None None
Hernan July 26 – July 29  Category 1 hurricane 75 (120) 992 Revillagigedo Islands None None
Iselle July 31 – Currently active Category 4 hurricane 140 (220) 947 None None None
Julio August 4 – Currently active Category 1 hurricane 75 (120) 989 None None None
Season aggregates
11 systems May 22 – Currently active   155 (250) 932 Unknown 9  

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.
  2. ^ The totals represent the sum of the squares for every tropical storm's intensity of over 33 knots (38 mph, 61 km/h), divided by 10,000. Calculations are provided at Talk:2014 Pacific hurricane season/ACE calcs.

References

  1. ^ "Background Information: East Pacific Hurricane Season". Climate Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  2. ^ a b National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (April 26, 2024). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2023". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 29, 2024. A guide on how to read the database is available here. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ a b Previsiones Meteorológicas Generales 2014 Ciclones Tropicales (PDF). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Report) (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. March 12, 2014 (PDF). Retrieved May 29, 2014. {{cite report}}: Check |archiveurl= value (help)
  4. ^ a b "Proyección de la Temporada de Tormentas Tropicales y Huracanes 2014. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Report) (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. April 10, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2014. {{cite report}}: Check |archiveurl= value (help)
  5. ^ a b "NOAA predicts near-normal or above-normal Eastern Pacific hurricane season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  6. ^ "NOAA: 2014 Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season Outlook". Climate Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2014.
  7. ^ "NOAA expects near-normal or above-normal Central Pacific hurricane season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 22, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  8. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Climatology". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  9. ^ Eric S. Blake (June 14, 2014). "Hurricane Christina Discussion Number 20". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  10. ^ Hurricane Specialist Unit (July 1, 2014). July 2014 Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for the Eastern North Pacific...East of 140 Degrees West Longitude. National Hurricane Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on July 3, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
  11. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (May 19, 2014). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  12. ^ Robbie J. Berg (May 22, 2014). Tropical Depression One-E Discussion Number 1. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
  13. ^ Robbie J. Berg (May 23, 2014). Tropical Storm Amanda Discussion Number 4. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  14. ^ Robbie J. Berg (May 24, 2014). Hurricane Amanda Public Advisory Number 8. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  15. ^ a b Stacy R. Stewart (May 25, 2014). Hurricane Amanda Public Advisory Number 12. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  16. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (May 25, 2014). Hurricane Amanda Discussion Number 13. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  17. ^ Robbie J. Berg (May 27, 2014). Tropical Storm Amanda Discussion Number 19. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  18. ^ Richard J. Pasch (May 27, 2014). Hurricane Amanda Public Advisory Number 21. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  19. ^ John P. Cangialosi (May 28, 2014). Tropical Storm Amanda Discussion Number 25. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  20. ^ John P. Cangialosi (May 29, 2014). Tropical Depression Amanda Public Advisory Number 28. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  21. ^ John P. Cangialosi (May 29, 2014). Post-Tropical Cyclone Amanda Public Advisory Number 29. National Hurricane Center (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  22. ^ "'Amanda' provocará lluvias fuertes en Jalisco, Colima y Michoacán". El Universal (in Spanish). May 24, 2013. Retrieved May 24, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "Guerrero emite alerta azul por tormenta Amanda". El Universal (in Spanish). May 23, 2013. Retrieved May 24, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ ""Amanda" podría convertirse en huracán el domingo". El Universal (in Spanish). May 24, 2013. Retrieved May 24, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ a b "Huracán Amanda causa derrumbes en Colima". El Universal (in Spanish). May 26, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ a b "Causa Amanda un muerto en Guerrero". El Universal (in Spanish). May 26, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ "Amanda alcanza categoría 4; mantienen alerta". El Universal (in Spanish). May 26, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ "Lluvias de Amanda dejan dos muertos en Michoacán". El Universal (in Spanish). May 28, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ "Heavy rains caused by storm Amanda left three dead in Mexico". Terra Noticas (in Spanish). May 28, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
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  40. ^ a b c "Autoridades suspenden clases en 9 departamentos de Guatemala por lluvias". Agency Guatemala de Noticas (in Spanish). June 2, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ "Suspenden clases en Chiapas por posible huracán". La Prensa (in Spanish). June 2, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ "Oaxaca: suspenden clases 50 municipios por Boris". El Universal (in Spanish). June 3, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ "Evacuan a 16 mil chiapanecos por tormenta Boris". El Universal (in Spanish). June 3, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ "Guatemala confirma la formación de una depresión tropical en el Pacífico". Alaniza Metropolitan News (in Spanish). June 2, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ "Supervisan ríos y arroyos ante lluvias en Chiapas". El Universal (in Spanish). June 3, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ "Chiapas reporta saldo blanco ante lluvias de Boris". El Universal (in Spanish). June 4, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  47. ^ "Inundaciones y un muerto, por lluvias". El Universal (in Spanish). June 4, 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
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