Talk:Trap–neuter–return

[untitled section]

Hi, I'm new to wikipedia, and apologize if I'm making a newbie error.

I believe the latest edit by Tannin (22:37 13 Apr 2004) detracts from the neutral point of view of the article.

In particular the elimination of the clause "Many wildlife and bird advocacy organizations argue that..." changes the tone of the sentence by asserting "...does little or nothing to address destruction of native wildlife by feral cats" as a factual statement rather than a point of view held by those who oppose TNR.

I have tried to maintain a neutral tone when writing the article by using phrases like "Proponents ... believe", "they argue", "is said to be", so that the arguments made can be recognized as the views of those who promote TNR. When presenting the opposition, the tone of the sentence should make clear that the opposing argument is a viewpoint, so I think the "Many wildlife and bird advocacy organizations argue that..." phrase should be restored.

I propose the following compromise wording of the beginning of the last paragraph:

"However, the Trap-Neuter-Return approach is controversial. Many wildlife and bird advocacy organizations argue that TNR does nothing to address destruction of native wildlife by feral cats." Changing "not universally accepted" to "controversial" does not present the opposing point of view as something "out in left field" so to speak.

To add balance, I also propose adding this external link presenting the opposing point of view. User:FelineAvenger

The problem, FelineAvenger, is that you are trying to present a simple matter of fact as if it were an opinion. It would be perfectly acceptable, and indeed essential, to do as you suggest if we were talking about an opinion. But we are not talking about an opinion. It is not possible to rationally dispute the statement "TNR does nothing to address destruction of native wildlife by feral cats" - not unless you are going to claim that neutered cats don't eat meat, or something equally bizzare.

It is doubtless also true that "many organisations" argue this, but in putting it the way you propose would disguise the verifiable fact (that cats destroy native wildlife) behind a descripton of the social controversy that surrounds that fact.

By all means feel free to discuss the significance of the fact (say that pro-wildlife organisations make much of it, suggest that habitat destruction by humans is a bigger problem, point out that - at least in my part of the world - cats are thought to be a significantly less deadly native species destroyer than foxes, and so on). My objection to your previous edit was that you (unintentionally, no doubt) phrased the entry in such a way as to make it seem that wildlife destruction by cats was an opinion, which it isn't.

Make sense? Tannin 04:38, 14 Apr 2004 (UTC)

OK, I see where you are coming from, but it looks like it wasn't clear which part I'm trying to indicate is an opinion. It is indeed a fact that cats are predators and can kill wildlife. The part that is opinion is the idea that TNR does nothing about it.

Remember, the whole idea that elimination/removal of feral cat populations mitigates the problem of predation is the fact that if fewer predators are present, less total predation occurs. By the same token, other methods that reduce feral cat populations, including TNR, reduce predation as well, to whatever extent they reduce the population over the long term. I won't elaborate, since this is really a meta discussion, but suffice to say that there are plenty of people out there who believe their TNR efforts are reducing the number of feral cats and thereby mitigating the predation problem. Unless you consider that belief so absurd as to be not worth recognizing, the opposing point of view (that TNR does little or nothing about predation) ought to be recognized as an opinion.

So, I would propose the following revision:

"However, the Trap-Neuter-Return approach is controversial. Feral cats, which are introduced species in some parts of the world, predate upon wildlife. Many wildlife and bird advocacy organizations argue that TNR does nothing to address this issue."

This wording should allow the reader to distinguish the opinion part ("does nothing to address") from the factual part (feral cats are predators). I also changed "destruction" to "predation" because the former wording seems to connote that feral cats are the established cause of extinction of some species. Looks like I'd have to make some revisions to the subsequent sentence so it is less of a non-sequitur, something like "TNR proponents disagree, saying that their efforts mitigate predation by reducing the feral cat population, and that in any case, feral cats are scapegoats..."

I would still add the outside link to the opposing position statement.

Does that satisfy your objections, Tannin?

FelineAvenger 07:03, 14 Apr 2004 (UTC) Revised FelineAvenger 17:01, 14 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hi Tannin. It's been about two weeks since my proposed revision. Since you've not responded, I'm going to assume that the suggested wording, or similar, will satisfy your objection, or that you no longer have an interest in the subject. I'm going ahead with some changes that will include something like what I've proposed above.

FelineAvenger 17:45, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I agree with FelineAvenger's reasoning for the changes suggested. --TiagoTiago (talk) 05:33, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

Article Entirely Lacks Sources!

I do not see any specific sources cited whatsoever.

This is true for the entire article but the most egregious part seems to be,

On the other hand, sterilized feral cats returned to their site of capture do not breed, and proponents claim they keep fertile outsiders away although recent research contradicts this claim.

Such a statement is untenable if not backed-up by any source.

What "recent research" and where did it appear?

--Eitz Chayim (talk) 17:50, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

legislation

need section on mandatory spay/neuter legislation. --165.21.154.88 (talk) 10:50, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

More info needed

"Nonetheless, TNR remains a somewhat unconventional approach and is not universally accepted." This statement should be elaborated on to include why TNR is not accepted by some. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.102.180.119 (talk) 04:03, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

One-Sided Article; Does Not Discuss TNR Support

Though this article purports to be of a Wikipedia-standard neutral tone, it discusses the 'claimed' effectiveness of TNR with no sources or support and refers to TNR as 'said to,' 'claiming,' and 'argued' to be effective, all verbs that imply conjecture and opinion. However, in the section titled 'Effectiveness,' the article discusses ONLY those pieces of information and sources that support TNR as ineffective, although there have been multiple studies concerning the effectiveness of TNR in communities and scientifically controlled trials (see: Levy and Crawford 2004, articles posted by Alley Cat Allies, San Diego TNR study by John Dunham & Associates, press release 2010, numerous other articles and discussions).

Statements that are clearly one-sided continue throughout the rest of the article, such as "It is opposed by numerous non-governmental organizations and federal and state agencies concerned about wildlife conservation and public health." (This is unfounded and incorrect; many local governments and municipalities have moved towards TNR in recent years and such a broad-stroke assumption is both asinine and incorrect: Cities/counties such as Salt Lake, Utah, Old Bridge, New Jersey, Athens, Georgia, Gainesville, Florida, Long Beach, New York, and others have implemented TNR with successful results.) The further discussion of feral cat destruction on wildlife completely ignores that fact that "the greatest threat to birds is the loss and/or degradation of habitat due to human development and disturbance." (http://www.fws.gov/birds/Mortality-Fact-Sheet.pdf)

It is not to say that TNR is necessarily entirely effective or ineffective, but this article CLEARLY does not indicate a strong support of TNR in the literature as well as policy. It is a shame that Wikipedia readers with little to no knowledge on this subject will read this article and be pushed firmly in the direction of the author's bias on this important issue. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.109.203.79 (talk) 02:20, 24 January 2011 (UTC)

I strongly agree. Statements such as "TNR advocates do what they do because they enjoy feeling needed by cats, but don't want to take full responsibility for them or the environmental damage they cause outdoors by keeping them safe indoors or in an enclosure," no matter if it is one of the very few statements with sources, are not only POV but downright offensive. I am marking this article for a POV check. Furthermore, a simple google search produced results such as this one directly contradict statements such as "No long-term studies have shown that TNR is effective in reducing the numbers of cats on a large-scale." toll_booth (talk) 00:19, 15 February 2011 (UTC)

I looked at the edit history of this article. Turns out that a POV tag was placed as recently as last month! I've done some work so far, but the article has a long way to go before it can claim to be POV-neutral. Upgrading the pov-check to a straight-up POV tag component (in the multiple-issues tag). toll_booth (talk) 01:50, 15 February 2011 (UTC)

Effectiveness by what measure?

It looks like the only measure of effectiveness this article considers is whether the population of feral cats is reduced. I'm sure animal lovers are just as interested in reducing the number of animals euthanized as a measure of effectiveness.

Also, I've heard TNR advocates claim that since new cats are moving into the area less frequently, the program costs less than it would to attempt to eradicate wave after wave of immigrant cats. If true, it would be effective from an economic standpoint.--Jeff (talk) 23:52, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

This a terrible article. Most of the Effectiveness section isn't even sentences, and as far as I can tell, much of it claims the opposite the what the citations actually say. I'm trying to fix it up a bit but I'm not an expert on the topic! I came here to find out if TNR actually works. Jonathan2112 (talk) 02:07, 12 December 2011 (UTC)

Covers All the Important Issues

This article is well written and supported and hits on all the salient issues of TNR. Some organizations will argue no-kill at any price. Some will argue for euthanasia of all feral cats. In my experience as a trapper and rescuer every situation must be evaluated on its own merits. There is no answer that will be the best course of action for every feral cat or feral cat colony. — Preceding unsigned comment added by HiArborCARES (talk • contribs) 19:36, 6 March 2014 (UTC)

Acronyms

Intro sentence:

"also known as trap-test-vaccinate-alter-release (TTVAR),"

The acronym TTVAR is so little used, I'm not sure it belongs in the introductory defining sentence. There is another term I have seen used, TNVR, trap-neuter-vaccinate-return, which appears to have a lot more usage. Maybe a tidier placement for the acronyms can be found than the intro sentence. I would put it at the end of the paragraph, saying TNR is sometimes known as TNVR or TTVAR, spelling them out of course.

Fixed that problem and researched the acronyms in use, added a paragraph.

More to come, the article needs a lot of work.

Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 04:11, 15 June 2014 (UTC)

Definition of TNR - broadening the types of cats, and outcomes.

TNR is about more than feral cats, but also about abandoned tame cats and the kittens of tame or feral cats. These kittens and cats are typically socialized and adopted into homes. The expression community cat has been used to describe this broader group of free-roaming cats. Feral cats are only those completely unsocialized to humans, terrified of humans and not interested in bonding with them. Their numbers are much fewer.

" ... a method of humanely trapping unaltered feral cats, spaying or neutering them, and returning them to the location where they were collected." I suggest a broader definition that is more inclusive, as well as being more descriptive of the program. I suggest:

"a program through which free-roaming community cats (not belonging to particular humans) are humanely trapped; sterilized and medically treated; and returned to the outdoor locations where they were found. If those locations are deemed unsafe or otherwise inappropriate, feral cats (unsocialized to humans) are relocated to farmyard homes. Kittens still young enough to be socialized, and friendly adult cats, are typically placed in foster care for eventual adoption into homes as companion animals, rather than returned to the outdoors. Cats found suffering with terminal or untreatable illnesses or injuries are humanely euthanized."

I'm going to add references for these concepts as they haven't been discussed elsewhere in the article. Carrying on ... enjoy! Don't see much discussion but I hope this section helps people better understand the edits I am making, and feel free to offer suggestions for improvement. Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 03:44, 20 June 2014 (UTC)

Organizations supporting TNR (in main definition section)

First going to tackle the question of organizations endorsing TNR, in the main definition section (not sure how happy I am with naming a bunch of organizations as part of the definition, but that is here right now so will carry on in that way for now.)

Only one supportive organization is mentioned right now, in these words: "TNR is promoted by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) as a humane and more effective alternative to euthanasia for managing and reducing feral cat populations." When you go to the link, the position statement, it doesn't mention anywhere about TNR being an alternative to euthanasia. I think it would be more accurate to mention a quote from the position statement itself, where it says TNR is "the most humane, effective and financially sustainable strategy for controlling free-roaming cat populations." I also feel that the word "promote" is not quite accurate as it makes it more of an advocacy service, but "endorse" expresses that it supports TNR publicly.

Found another link saying "The ASPCA endorses Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) as the only proven humane and effective method to manage feral cat colonies." I think I will combine and use both quotes. http://www.aspca.org/adopt/feral-cats-faq "Feral Cats FAQ"], ASPCA, accessed June 20, 2014. The word "endorse" seems to be endorsed :).

I'm also going to add another endorsement by the HSUS, with its position statement. There was a dead link to it under the External Links, but I found a live one. Also found a more current link to their programs for feral cats.

Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 02:00, 21 June 2014 (UTC)

Opposition to TNR - outline of the views, some of the main organizations involved, and references.

I haven't had any discussion at all on my edits to date but believe it is good form to give some explanation of what I am doing, especially as this is a meaty topic with controversy. If I am changing material that someone else carefully put together I think it's reasonable for them to have some explanation for the changes.

Now addressing the remaining paragraph in the definition of TNR that talks about opposition. It currently reads: "TNR is opposed by wildlife advocacy organizations, PETA, and conservation scientists.[11][12][13][14] Advocates claim that the procedure works by stopping the birth of new cats in the colony and letting the colony members live out their lifespan, approximately six years for outdoor cats, with their own group. Opponents claim that TNR subsidizes a non-native predator responsible for the deaths of more than fourteen billion birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians annually in the United States alone."

It isn't accurate to say it's opposed by wildlife advocacy organizations, as not all do oppose it - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in the UK for one is not against TNR and doesn't believe cat predation is an issue. Will provide a link. It's also misleading to say it's opposed by conservation scientists, as it implies that all such scientists oppose TNR. Roger Tabor in the UK is a leading naturalist, biologist and cat behaviourist and does not oppose TNR.

PETA doesn't really belong in this section. They don't outright oppose it, offering guidelines for TNR, but offering the opinion that in their view death is better than life as a feral cat. This really belongs more in another topic as it isn't about the controversy about cat predation.

What I propose to do is put forth the differing views about cat predation. I will give a couple of key organizations (American Bird Conservancy, The Wildlife Society) with links to their anti-TNR materials and position statements. I'm going to put forth their main argument, which is about the decimation of bird populations, not reptiles and other creatures. The issue claimed about cats being a non-native predator I will expand on in the discussion section of the article, rather than here. I'll also mention their suggestions for what the alternative of TNR should be. I will then set out what TNR advocates counter to those claims. The current statement: "Advocates claim that the procedure works by stopping the birth of new cats in the colony and letting the colony members live out their lifespan, approximately six years for outdoor cats, with their own group" is a bit simplistic, doesn't address all the pertinent issues, while the life span of a feral cat doesn't need to be in this introductory section (and may not be accurate as stated either).

The current references provided to the organizations opposing TNR are weak. Four references are listed after a single statement, which isn't the best writing practice. These are the current four after the first statement about opposition of several organizations (renumbered for simplicity):

1 Christopher A. Lepczyk, Nico Dauphine, David M. Bird, Sheila Conant, Robert J. Cooper, David C. Duffy, Pamela Jo Hatley, Peter P. Marra, Elizabeth Stone, and Stanley A. Temple (2010): "What Conservation Biologists Can Do to Counter Trap-Neuter-Return: Response to Longcore et al." Conservation Biology

2 Jim Sterba (13 November 2012). Nature Wars: The Incredible Story of How Wildlife Comebacks Turned Backyards into Battlegrounds. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 259.ISBN 978-0-307-98566-8. Retrieved 11 April 2013.

3^ American Bird Conservancy: "Cats Indoors".

4^ The Wildlife Society: "Problems with Trap Neuter Release".

The first reference is one of the studies used by the anti-TNR groups, and might be more appropriate elsewhere. It can't be used as a reference directly for the organizations themselves. The second reference is to a digital copy of a book called Nature Wars. It is definitely writing on the topic but again I'd prefer to include it in the more detailed discussion about opposition to TNR rather than here. I'll include the third reference about ABC's campaign. The fourth link to the Wildlife Society was actually a link to ABC's Cats Indoors campaign; I'll provide more direct references.

The next two references follow the comment that cats kill lots of birds. The current references are to two news reports, ABC and New York Times. They now read as follows. The first reference has been mis-titled - the article is really "Roaming Cats Pose Big Threat to Bird Populations, Study Finds". Someone has inserted an editorial comment in the first reference, criticizing the position of ABC and PETA. Although it may make some interesting points for TNR advocates, it must have made its way in to the wrong section and doesn't belong in the citation. The references are also missing dates, which I'll include. I'm going to use the NYT reference (the sixth one) for this paragraph as the ABC is from 2011 and uses lower population figures not being used now. It will be better for the in-depth discussion later on.

5 - Bradley Blackburn: "Roaming Cats Kill up to a Billion Birds a Year, American Bird Conservancy Reports", The fourth letter to the movement of TNR movement, implicit in its work is "M" for maintenance of the colony. Humans - often but not always - who TNR the colony also provide food and medication to control parasites. Feral Colonies form around food sources; this is why they are usually found near dumpsters behind restaurants etc. NPR recently broadcast results of a tracking study indicating the average cat is able to catch less than 14% of what ever it stalk. PETA opposes TNR based on the dangers of living without human guardianship. Their literature points to case after case of cats being poisoned, burned, shot with arrows, etc. Cats that allow humans to get close enough to pick them up and abuse them are generally socialized to humans to begin with. True ferals generally conceal themselves during daylight hours shunning contact with humans in any case. PETA also opposes cruel confinement for any species. Depriving any living thing ~ including felines kept locked indoors~ opportunity to feel prt of the natural world could be characterized as cruel confinment. .'ABC News.

6 - Angier, Natalie. "That Cuddly Kitty Is Deadlier Than You Think". New York Times. Retrieved 29 January 2013. Looks like I neglected to sign this earlier, so signing twice Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 07:13, 10 November 2014 (UTC)

I just noticed that in the middle of the current list of organizations opposing TNR, is now listed the American Veterinary Medical Association. That is incorrect, their position is neutral (https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Pages/Free-roaming-Abandoned-and-Feral-Cats.aspx). I am going to take it out.

Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 07:13, 10 November 2014 (UTC)

Methodology

I'm going to revise the methodology section.

It now says:

"Trap-neuter-return begins with the humane trapping of feral cats. The cats are taken (in the trap) to a spay/neuter location for surgery. More and more communities are offering low-cost spay/neuter surgeries for feral cats, but prices vary depending on location. All TNR programs include rabies vaccinations, and some also include providing vaccinations against certain diseases like feline panleukopenia, herpes, and calicivirus. Finally the cat is marked by "eartipping," removing 3/8 inch (1 cm) off the tip of the left ear. Eartipping easily identifies a cat as being neutered and vaccinated, and can often be a lifesaving measure, sparing the cat unnecessary surgery, confinement or euthanasia.[29]

"Some programs choose to test cats for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and/or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) prior to sterilization, and euthanize if the test is positive. The value of FIV/FeLV testing is the subject of debate among feral cat advocates, with some stating that testing is an ineffective use of limited funds that otherwise could be used to sterilize more cats, and others holding the position that it is unethical (and inhumane) to release a cat that is carrying a virus that causes deadly disease and that is transmissible to other cats. The ASPCA guidelines for the sterilization of feral cats recommend not testing as the limited resources would be best applied to population reduction.

"After the cat is sterilized it is placed back in the trap and allowed to recover from surgery. The feral cat is monitored and cared for in a controlled location, usually the trap inside the home of the colony manager, with food and water. Generally, cats should have 24 hours of recovery time and can be returned to their colony when they are awake, alert, and do not require further medical attention. Some cats may require more extended recovery time, and should be transferred to a holding pen if they require more than 48 hours of recovery."

There is only one reference, which is a dead link from saveacat.org.

The above is a little outdated and misses a lot of steps. The testing issue is not really a subject of debate anymore. The low cost surgeries are another facet, goes beyond methodology in my view. I'm going to add a bunch of steps with references to everything.

Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 06:11, 13 July 2014 (UTC)

Removing warning about multiple issues

I'm going to remove the warning at the top of the article that says it has multiple issues. The text of it is added here for future reference. I have added numerous inline citations for the introduction section and the methodology section. Both sections are written in a neutral fashion and with a view to factual accuracy. There is still work to be done on the remaining sections, but that should not detract from the value that I believe the article now has.

Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 19:08, 18 July 2014 (UTC)

Legal issues

I'm now working on the Legal Issues section. The current discussion (copy provided below) is missing some important points, and goes in a direction that isn't supported by the current legal paradigm. To begin with, it describes feral cats as "exotic feral carnivores". An exotic species is defined as a "plant or animal species introduced into an area where they do not occur naturally, non-native species." (Biology Online). Given that cats have lived with humans for thousands of years ("the oldest remains found in the grave of a human are 9,500 years old": Temple Grandin, Animals Make Us Human, 2010, Mariner Books, p. 67), I have trouble with seeing them as introduced, especially in inhabited locations all over North America where we are usually talking about them. In any event, this issue just doesn't make it into the legal annals as far as I can tell.

In fact, there are many local ordinances all over the US and other locations in the world, which support TNR. I'm going to mention some of them. I'm also going to discuss the court case mentioned (Urban Wildlinds v Los Angeles City) along with other court cases where TNR issues have arisen.

The Broward County, Florida program mentioned in the current paragraph is not so clear-cut. They are still discussing whether they should support TNR more. At this link,, the county was looking at having TNR available but not solely relying on it. No one agreed and the issue is still up in the air. I don't think it is the best example of legal issues because there is confusion (or maybe it is a good example of where things are in flux!)

The current text is provided here in case anyone is interested:

"In the United States feral cats as exotic feral carnivores have no legal protection, as the native wildlife does. Any exotic animal, if they are not owned by someone, technically are a potential target that can be legally trapped and euthanized under the State nuisance laws. Many states do not even have an adequate definition of what a "feral cat" is, such as California and its State Codes. Furthermore, when Cities or Counties support TNR policies, they have been stopped with court actions when an environmental review was not completed to analyze the impact of releasing feral exotic carnivores into the environment. The case Urban Wiildlands Group v. The City of Los Angeles stopped that city's TNR program because of a lack of an environmental review. The conflict between Listed Endangered Species and feral cats is a perennial legal problem, and Broward County in Florida has decided to solve that conflict by converting from a TNR program, to the new TSAFE (Trap-Sterilize-Adopt-Foster-Euthanize). TSAFE program is designed to end the release of feral exotic carnivores into the environment." Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 06:51, 4 August 2014 (UTC)

Significance of "&nbsp" in edits

I noticed that Mr Stephen made a number of edits where "&nbsp" was added to footnotes and in one case to page content (between "1" and "cm" in discussion of ear-tipping feral cats). This code doesn't seem to affect the displayed content. I'd like to understand the significance of these changes. Is it to alert to some type of problem?

Sometimes it's where I've used a reference like "Neighborhood Cats" that I defined earlier in the footnotes stating "hereinafter 'NC TNR Guide'". I considered using named references, but because you can't add different page numbers to named references, they don't work well here, especially where I want to refer to more than one document in a footnote. So I've chosen to spell out "NC TNR Guide" and refer to it later. Maybe it will help avoid confusion if I give another announcement of its name under "External Links".

Sometimes I notice this "&nbsp" code was inserted where ellipses were used; is there some problem in using ellipses in a quotation where it is being truncated? In one case the ellipses were actually part of the title of the web page, but now I see that the organization has changed the title & I can change it accordingly: "Fosters are desperately needed…", MCA Society, Conroe, Texas, accessed July 10, 2014.

Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 18:22, 23 August 2014 (UTC)

  inserts a non-breaking space. It is used to prevent line breaks appearing in the wrong place. I think the particular uses here are described at WP:ELLIPSES and at WP:UNITS, and prevent the ellipsis or unit abbreviation starting a line. Regards, Mr Stephen (talk) 21:47, 23 August 2014 (UTC)

Thanks Mr Stephen, good to know! Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 22:29, 24 August 2014 (UTC)

Effect on wildlife section

This section needs a fair amount of work ... someone asked for a reference for the UK data, and so I am going to add that with more details about what the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds says.

The statement just prior to that cites a reference which does not stand for what it says: "The International Union for Conservation of Nature states that feral cats have been responsible for the extinction of at least 33 bird species world-wide" references Jim Sterba's book, Nature Wars. (This was the citation given: Jim Sterba (13 November 2012). Nature Wars: The Incredible Story of How Wildlife Comebacks Turned Backyards into Battlegrounds. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 259.ISBN 978-0-307-98566-8. Retrieved 11 April 2013.") I read his book's discussion of feral cats, and it doesn't give a number of species affected. He makes a number of points that can be addressed in more detail, but for now this erroneous statement needs to be removed.

Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 04:17, 1 September 2014 (UTC)

Rationale and effectiveness of TNR

I plan to revamp the current sections and put them together into one that explains the main issues comprehensively. I like to explain the changes I make here, to be respectful to the people who put the effort into writing what is already there. I've included what is said now below. It contains some statements that are unsupported. The Longcore paper cited suggests that TNR effectiveness evidence is only supported by websites, not research. Well, that just doesn't stand up to scrutiny. The research will be provided.

Rationale:

Supporters of TNR embrace this practice as part of a "no-kill" philosophy. Euthanasia on a massive scale is not fiscally practical. TNR advocates agree that the traditional methods of trapping-and-removing will not work because of a "vacuum effect": As some cats are taken out of their territory, others will move in to replace them, which renders the initial removal ineffective. However, there is little to no scientific evidence to support this claim. If other feral cats are available to do so, the primary factor of whether they will or not is the availability of food: If enough food is present, then any nearby cats may move in.

This, however ignores one simple fact. The food supply for most "community cats" is food provided to them by people. If people are prevented from feeding free roaming cats, there will be nothing to attract other cats to replace those removed.

Effectiveness:

Studies have been conducted to gauge the effectiveness of TNR. Several of them suggest that the procedure works. A PhD study in North Carolina found that TNR consistently reduced the populations of feral cat colonies by a mean of 36% over two years and with the extinction of one third of the colonies within the same period, while the non-TNR'd colonies increased by a mean of 47%. One peer-reviewed study showed a reduction in numbers of cats with TNR by 66% over an 11 year period.

However, a study by Castillo (2003) found that TNR was ineffective due to feeding locations attracting even more feral cats while also providing a convenient place to illegally dump unwanted cats, although advocates argue that dumping is a separate issue and does not invalidate TNR. A review article by Longcore et al. (2009) argues that TNR advocates are too concerned about cat welfare and not about the effect on indigenous wildlife. The authors argue that populations are not stable and movement of cats is significant between urban areas and nearby woodland. They also state that cats can reach high densities when there is a reliable food source without proper sterilization and management. California State University researchers published mathematical models of feral cats populations suggesting that 71–94% of a population needs to be sterilized for the population to decline, based on case studies of San Diego and Alachua Counties.

Canadianknowledgelover (talk) 03:17, 15 October 2014 (UTC)