Asia Minor Slavs
Asia Minor Slavs refers to the historical South Slav communities relocated to Anatolia by the Byzantine Empire, from the Balkans.
History
After Maurice's Balkan campaigns (582-602), and subsequent subduing of Slavs in the Balkans during the 7th and 8th centuries, large communities were forcefully relocated to Asia Minor as military, fighting the Umayyad Caliphate.
In 658 and 688/9 the Byzantines invited groups of Slavic settlers to Bithynia.[1]
The best known Slavic settlement there was the city of Gordoservon ([Srbograd, Grad Srba, Гордосервон] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help), Greek: Γορδόσερβα) is mentioned, whose name is derived from the Serbs resettled in Asia Minor (in ca 649[2] or 667[3]) by Byzantine Emperor Constans II (641–668), who came from the areas "around river Vardar". Isidor, the Bishop of Gordoservon is mentioned in 680/681, and the fact that this town was an episcopal seat gives ground to the thesis that it had a large Serbian population. Around the year 1200 this city is mentioned as 'Servochoria' (Serbian habitation).
Constantine III settled captured Slavs in Asia Minor, and 5,000 of these joined Abdulreman ibn Khalid in 664-665.[4]
Justinian II (685-695) also settled in Asia Minor as many as 30,000 Slavs from Thrace, in an attempt to boost military strength. Most of them however, with their leader Neboulos, deserted to the Arabs at the Battle of Sebastopolis in 692.[5]
Military campaigns in northern Greece in 758 under Constantine V (r. 741–775) prompted a relocation of Slavs under Bulgar aggression, again in 783.[1]
The most prominent among the Asia Minor Slavs was Thomas the Slav, a military commander who raised most of the empire in an unsuccessful revolt against Michael II the Amorian in the early 820s. Although the 10th-century chronicler Genesios calls him "Thomas from Lake Gouzourou, of Armenian race", most modern scholars support his Slavic descent and believe his birthplace to have been near Gaziura in the Pontus.[6]
The Slavs of the Opsician Theme (Sklabesianoi) are still attested as a separate group in the 10th century, serving as marines in the Byzantine navy.[7]
References
- ^ a b SC, page 9
- ^ Serbian Studies. North American Society for Serbian Studies. 1995. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- ^ Kostelski, Z. (1952). The Yugoslavs: the history of the Yugoslavs and their states to the creation of Yugoslavia. Philosophical Library. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- ^ Stratos (1975), p. 234
- ^ Treadgold (1998), p. 26
- ^ Lemerle 1965, pp. 264, 270, 284.
- ^ Ahrweiler 1966, p. 402.
Sources
- Constantine Porphyrogenitus, "De administrando imperio"
- Erdeljanovich, J. "O naseljavanju Slovena u Maloj Aziji i Siriji od VII do X veka" Glasnik geografskog drushtva; vol. VI 1921 p. 189
- Lemerle, Paul (1965). "Thomas le Slave". Travaux et mémoires 1 (in French). Paris: Centre de recherche d'histoire et civilisation de Byzance. pp. 255–297. OCLC 457007063.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Lequien, M., Oriens Christianus; I, 1740, pp. 659-660
- Micotky, J., Otiorum Chroate, Vol. I. Budapest, 1806, pp. 89-112
- Niederle, Lubor, Slovanske starozhitnosti; Dilu II, (2 vols.) Prague, 1934, pp. 389-399, 444-446
- Ostrogorski, G. "Bizantisko-Juzhnoslovenski odnosi", Enciklopedija Jugoslavije; 1, Zagreb, 1955, pp. 591-599
- Ramsay, W. M. The Historical Geography of Asia Minor, London, 1890, pp. 183, 210
- Treadgold, Warren T. (1998). Byzantium and Its Army, 284-1081. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3163-2.
- Vlasto, A. P. The entry of the Slavs into Christendom: an introduction to the medieval history of the Slavs (ref name: SC)