Stuart Archer
Stuart Archer | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Bertram Stuart Trevelyan Archer |
| Born | 3 February 1915 Hampstead, London |
| Died | 2 May 2015 (aged 100) |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service/ |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1940-61 |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Unit | Honourable Artillery Company, Royal Engineers |
| Battles/wars | World War II bomb disposal |
| Awards |  George Cross_Ribbon.png){kind=small} OBE |
| Other work | Architect |
Colonel Bertram Stuart Trevelyan Archer GC OBE ERD (3 February 1915 – 2 May 2015), known as Stuart Archer,[1] was a recipient of the George Cross, the highest British and Commonwealth award for gallantry not in the face of the enemy. On 3 February 2015 Archer became the first recipient of the Victoria Cross or the George Cross to reach 100 years of age.[2] He died on 2 May 2015.[3]
Early life
Before joining the army, Archer was a qualified architect with the Royal Institute of British Architects, receiving his certification at the youngest possible age of 21. In July 1936, he started work in Gray's Inn with a firm in which he eventually became a partner and remained with for all of his working life. Upon joining the army, he first served with the Honourable Artillery Company as an enlisted soldier before joining the Royal Engineers, who carried out bomb disposal work in the United Kingdom. He received an emergency commission as a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 30 March 1940, and carried out bomb disposal work from that June.[4] He had dealt with 200 bombs prior to the awarding of the George Cross, and provided the War Office with five different fuses as well as the Zus anti-handling devices.
Award of George Cross and citation
He was awarded the medal on 30 September 1941.[5] The award was for extensive work on defusing German bombs dropped on United Kingdom during World War II.[6]
The original announcement of the award read simply:[6]
The KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the GEORGE CROSS in recognition of most conspicuous gallantry in carrying out hazardous work in a very brave manner, to: — Second-Lieutenant (Acting Lieutenant) Bertram Stuart Trevelyan Archer (126305), Corps of Royal Engineers.
The full citation is:[7]
On the 15 July 1940, four 250 kilogram bombs were dropped on St Athan aerodrome, South Wales, two of them within 10 yards of some vitally important assembly sheds. Lieutenant Archer immediately went to the scene and the first bomb was excavated. As its fuse was expected to be booby trapped, it was loaded, with the fuse still in, on to a lorry. Lieutenant Archer himself drove the lorry to a site some two miles away and the bomb was detonated. The other bomb was dealt with in the same way.
On the 17 August 1940, at Moulton South Wales, a further 250 kilogram bomb was excavated down to the fuse pocket, which contained a number 50 fuse. As this fuse was required for War Office experiments an attempt was made to extract it. When this failed, Lieutenant Archer removed it by hand by means of a pick head; although well aware of that the fuse might be a booby trap.
On 27 August 1940 at Port Talbot docks this officer was instrumental in recovering the first number of fuses for experimental purposes.
Archer's exploits, including the circumstances of the awarding of the GC, are detailed at length in Danger UXB, a history of wartime bomb disposal by James Owen.
Subsequent career and later life
At the end of the war, Archer was a lieutenant with the war-substantive rank of captain.[8] On 10 March 1951, he was appointed to a regular commission as a captain in the emergency reserves (seniority from 19 May 1946).[9] He was promoted to major on 30 November 1951 and to lieutenant-colonel on 7 February 1955.[10][11] He was appointed an Officer in the Military Division of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1961 Birthday Honours.[12] He was appointed a lieutenant-colonel in the regular army reserve on 1 August.[13]
On 28 October 1963 he was appointed Honorary Colonel of the bomb disposal regiments of the Royal Engineers.[14] Archer has been the Chairman of the Victoria Cross and George Cross Association since 1994, and represented the Association at the funeral of the Queen Mother in 2002.[15]
Medal Entitlement
Archer was entitled to the following medals
| Ribbon | Description | Notes |
|
George Cross (GC) | 1941 |
|
Order of the British Empire (OBE) | Officer - Military Division |
|
Defence Medal | |
|
War Medal | |
|
General Service Medal 1918 | Awarded from 1918 - 1962 |
|
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal | 1953 |
|
Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal | 1977 |
|
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal | 2002 |
|
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal | 2012 |
|
Emergency Reserve Decoration (ERD) | 2 Clasps |
See also
List of George Cross recipients
References
- ^ Ashcroft, Michael (2011). George Cross Heroes. Headline Publishing Group. ISBN 0755360842.
- ^ Ashcroft, Michael (30 January 2015). "Stuart Archer: The 100-year-old hero and longest holder of the George Cross medal". Daily Express. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
- ^ Colonel Stuart Archer, GC - obituary
- ^ "No. 34823". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=(help)). 2 April 1940. - ^ "Bertram Archer, GC". George Cross database. Archived from the original on 2007-11-16. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
- ^ a b "No. 35292". The London Gazette. 30 September 1941.
- ^ "Oldest GC holder meets the newest". Defence News. MoD. 23 March 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
- ^ "No. 37909". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=(help)). 18 March 1947. - ^ "No. 39234". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=(help)). 22 May 1951. - ^ "No. 39478". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=(help)). 26 February 1952. - ^ "No. 40430". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=(help)). 11 March 1955. - ^ "No. 42370". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=(help)). 2 June 1961. - ^ "No. 42482". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=(help)). 6 October 1961. - ^ "No. 43144". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=(help)). 25 October 1963. - ^ World War 2 Awards website: ARCHER, Bertram Stuart Trevelyan Retrieved 3 December 2007