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In the first years of the war, there had been a prisoner exchange system, and most prisons had laid empty. Complications in 1863 led to the breakdown of this system; by April of 1864 it had been completely suspended, and prisons quickly became overcrowded. Space had recently opened up in Elmira after the departure of six companies of the 179th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Commissary General of Prisoners William Hoffman was informed of this, and on May 19 he sent word to Seth Eastman
Preparations of the camp were completed by the end of June, and Hoffman ordered 2,000 POWs to be transferred from the prison camp inPoint Lookout, Maryland. They were divided into groups of 400 and given rations for the two day sea voyage up to Jersey City, New Jersey. The journey was extremely uncomfortable for the POWs in the overcrowded and filthy holds of the ship, even to the point that some men slept standing up. 8,000 men would eventually be transferred from Point Lookout to Elmira not only due to overcrowding but also because of its vulnerability to attack from land and sea.[1]
- ^ Gray, Michael P. The Business of Captivity: Elmira and Its Civil War Prison. Kent State University Press, 2001. p. 19. ISBN 0-87338-708-2.