Brain fingerprinting: Difference between revisions
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'''Brain fingerprinting''' is a controversial, unproven<ref name="Verge">{{Cite news |url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/2/2/7951549/brain-fingerprinting-technology-unproven-courtroom-science-farwell-p300 |title=Is 'brain fingerprinting' a breakthrough or a sham? |last=Brandom |first=Russell |date=2015-02-02 |work=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> and questionable technique<ref>{{cite journal|author=Rosenfeld, J. P.|year=2005|title=Brain fingerprinting: A critical analysis|journal=Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice|volume=4|issue=1|pp=20–37|url=http://groups.psych.northwestern.edu/rosenfeld/NewFiles/BFcritiquerevsub3-6.pdf}}</ref> invented by Lawrence Farwell which he says uses [[electroencephalography]] (EEG) to determine whether specific information is stored in a subject's brain. The technique consists of the measuring and recording a person's electrical [[Neural oscillation|brainwave]]s and their brain response. |
'''Brain fingerprinting''' is a controversial, unproven<ref name="Verge">{{Cite news |url=http://www.theverge.com/2015/2/2/7951549/brain-fingerprinting-technology-unproven-courtroom-science-farwell-p300 |title=Is 'brain fingerprinting' a breakthrough or a sham? |last=Brandom |first=Russell |date=2015-02-02 |work=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> and questionable technique<ref>{{cite journal|author=Rosenfeld, J. P.|year=2005|title=Brain fingerprinting: A critical analysis|journal=Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice|volume=4|issue=1|pp=20–37|url=http://groups.psych.northwestern.edu/rosenfeld/NewFiles/BFcritiquerevsub3-6.pdf}}</ref> invented by Lawrence Farwell which he says uses [[electroencephalography]] (EEG) to determine whether specific information is stored in a subject's brain. The technique consists of the measuring and recording a person's electrical [[Neural oscillation|brainwave]]s and their brain response. |
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"Brain Fingerprinting relies heavily on P300 and P300 MERMER <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3713201/</ref> wave is an event related potential (ERP) component elicited in the process of decision making. It is considered to be an endogenous potential, as its occurrence links not to the physical attributes of a stimulus, but to a person's reaction to it. Several law enforcement agencies in the world are interested in testing the potential of this technology. In India special crime unit (Mumbai) of the CBI was able charge a rape suspect using brain fingerprinting test, technology available at Raksha Shakti University (RSU) in Ahmedabad. <ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Brain-fingerprint-takes-cops-inside-suspects-mind/articleshow/52843655.cms</ref> |
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Comparison of brain fingerprinting with [[polygraph]]y showed mixed results consistent with "a mix of proven techniques and dangerously exaggerated benefits".<ref name="Verge" /> |
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Brain Fingerprinting technology played an instrumental role in solving a cold case of woman declared as missing since 2005. Officials said that the results of the brain fingerprinting test may not be admissible in the courts, but the technique helps investigating agencies find clues in complicated cases like this. <ref>http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/2005-mssing-woman-kochi-smitha-george-suspect-brain-fingerprint-test-2870263/</ref> |
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In Spain, the same scientific technique was employed by Dr José Ramón Valdizán, who retired two years ago from Zaragoza's Miguel Servet Hospital after 21 years as head of the neurophysiology department. For months, Valdizán had been thinking about possible police applications for the brain scanner that he had used for two decades to treat children with autism or attention deficit syndrome. "A woman is missing, and I may have a tool to help find her," he told himself. Comparison of brain fingerprinting with [[polygraph]]y showed mixed results consistent with "a mix of proven techniques and dangerously exaggerated benefits".<ref name="Verge" /><ref>http://elpais.com/elpais/2013/12/20/inenglish/1387545129_527511.html</ref> |
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In 2001, brain fingerprinting was ruled as admissible for court use in [[Iowa]] by the decision in Harrington vs. State of Iowa.<ref name="HarringtonVState2001">Harrington v. State, Case No. PCCV 073247. Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, March 5, 2001</ref> It was also used in India,<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v11/n11/full/nn1108-1231.html|title=Deceiving the law|date=1 November 2008|publisher=|journal=Nat Neurosci|volume=11|issue=11|pages=1231–1231|via=www.nature.com|doi=10.1038/nn1108-1231}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/world/asia/15iht-15brainscan.16148673.html|work=New York Times|title=India's use of brain scans in court dismays critics|date=2008-09-15|first=Anand|last=Giridharadas}}</ref> until a 2010 Indian Supreme Court ruling. A. R. Lakshmanan, judge and past Chairman of the Law Commission of India, welcomed this ruling, describing brain fingerprinting as "so science-fictional that there were no takers anywhere else in the world".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/Welcome-verdict-but-questionable-rider/article16189466.ece|title=Welcome verdict but questionable rider|work=The Hindu|date= July 9, 2010|first=A.R.|last=Lakshmanan|publisher=}}</ref> |
In 2001, brain fingerprinting was ruled as admissible for court use in [[Iowa]] by the decision in Harrington vs. State of Iowa.<ref name="HarringtonVState2001">Harrington v. State, Case No. PCCV 073247. Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, March 5, 2001</ref> It was also used in India,<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v11/n11/full/nn1108-1231.html|title=Deceiving the law|date=1 November 2008|publisher=|journal=Nat Neurosci|volume=11|issue=11|pages=1231–1231|via=www.nature.com|doi=10.1038/nn1108-1231}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/world/asia/15iht-15brainscan.16148673.html|work=New York Times|title=India's use of brain scans in court dismays critics|date=2008-09-15|first=Anand|last=Giridharadas}}</ref> until a 2010 Indian Supreme Court ruling. A. R. Lakshmanan, judge and past Chairman of the Law Commission of India, welcomed this ruling, describing brain fingerprinting as "so science-fictional that there were no takers anywhere else in the world".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/Welcome-verdict-but-questionable-rider/article16189466.ece|title=Welcome verdict but questionable rider|work=The Hindu|date= July 9, 2010|first=A.R.|last=Lakshmanan|publisher=}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 19:59, 26 April 2017
Brain fingerprinting is a controversial, unproven[1] and questionable technique[2] invented by Lawrence Farwell which he says uses electroencephalography (EEG) to determine whether specific information is stored in a subject's brain. The technique consists of the measuring and recording a person's electrical brainwaves and their brain response.
"Brain Fingerprinting relies heavily on P300 and P300 MERMER [3] wave is an event related potential (ERP) component elicited in the process of decision making. It is considered to be an endogenous potential, as its occurrence links not to the physical attributes of a stimulus, but to a person's reaction to it. Several law enforcement agencies in the world are interested in testing the potential of this technology. In India special crime unit (Mumbai) of the CBI was able charge a rape suspect using brain fingerprinting test, technology available at Raksha Shakti University (RSU) in Ahmedabad. [4]
Brain Fingerprinting technology played an instrumental role in solving a cold case of woman declared as missing since 2005. Officials said that the results of the brain fingerprinting test may not be admissible in the courts, but the technique helps investigating agencies find clues in complicated cases like this. [5]
In Spain, the same scientific technique was employed by Dr José Ramón Valdizán, who retired two years ago from Zaragoza's Miguel Servet Hospital after 21 years as head of the neurophysiology department. For months, Valdizán had been thinking about possible police applications for the brain scanner that he had used for two decades to treat children with autism or attention deficit syndrome. "A woman is missing, and I may have a tool to help find her," he told himself. Comparison of brain fingerprinting with polygraphy showed mixed results consistent with "a mix of proven techniques and dangerously exaggerated benefits".[1][6]
In 2001, brain fingerprinting was ruled as admissible for court use in Iowa by the decision in Harrington vs. State of Iowa.[7] It was also used in India,[8][9] until a 2010 Indian Supreme Court ruling. A. R. Lakshmanan, judge and past Chairman of the Law Commission of India, welcomed this ruling, describing brain fingerprinting as "so science-fictional that there were no takers anywhere else in the world".[10]
See also
References
- ^ a b Brandom, Russell (2015-02-02). "Is 'brain fingerprinting' a breakthrough or a sham?". The Verge.
- ^ Rosenfeld, J. P. (2005). "Brain fingerprinting: A critical analysis" (PDF). Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice. 4 (1): 20–37.
- ^ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3713201/
- ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Brain-fingerprint-takes-cops-inside-suspects-mind/articleshow/52843655.cms
- ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/2005-mssing-woman-kochi-smitha-george-suspect-brain-fingerprint-test-2870263/
- ^ http://elpais.com/elpais/2013/12/20/inenglish/1387545129_527511.html
- ^ Harrington v. State, Case No. PCCV 073247. Iowa District Court for Pottawattamie County, March 5, 2001
- ^ "Deceiving the law". Nat Neurosci. 11 (11): 1231–1231. 1 November 2008. doi:10.1038/nn1108-1231 – via www.nature.com.
- ^ Giridharadas, Anand (2008-09-15). "India's use of brain scans in court dismays critics". New York Times.
- ^ Lakshmanan, A.R. (July 9, 2010). "Welcome verdict but questionable rider". The Hindu.
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