Physical icon

A physical icon, or phicon, is the tangible computing equivalent of an icon in a traditional graphical user interface, or GUI. Phicons hold a reference to some digital object and thereby convey meaning.^[1]^[2]^[3]

History

Physical icons were first used as tanglible interfaces in the metaDesk project built in 1997 by Professor Hiroshi Ishii's tanglible bits research group at MIT.^[4]^[5]^[6] The metaDesk consisted of a table hwose surface showed a rear-projected video image. Placing a phicon on the table triggered sensors that altered the video projection.^[7]

References

^ Fidalgo, F., Silva, P., Realinho, V.: "Ubiquitous Computing and Organizations", page 201. Current Developments in Technology-Assisted Education, 2006
^ Michitaka Hirose (2001). Human-computer Interaction: INTERACT '01 : IFIP TC.13 International Conference on Human-Comupter Interaction, 9th-13th July 2001, Tokyo, Japan. IOS Press. pp. 337–. ISBN 978-1-58603-188-6.
^ Hamid Aghajan; Juan Carlos Augusto; Ramon Lopez-Cozar Delgado (25 September 2009). Human-Centric Interfaces for Ambient Intelligence. Academic Press. pp. 15–. ISBN 978-0-08-087850-8.
^ Howard Rheingold (21 March 2007). Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution. Basic Books. pp. 104–. ISBN 978-0-465-00439-3.
^ Paul Dourish (2004). Where the Action is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction. MIT Press. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-0-262-54178-7.
^ Mary Beth Rosson; John M. Carroll (20 October 2001). Usability Engineering: Scenario-Based Development of Human-Computer Interaction. Elsevier. pp. 316–. ISBN 978-0-08-052030-8.
^ Mary Beth Rosson; John Millar Carroll (2002). Usability Engineering: Scenario-based Development of Human-computer Interaction. Morgan Kaufmann. pp. 316–. ISBN 978-1-55860-712-5.

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[1] Fidalgo, F., Silva, P., Realinho, V.: "Ubiquitous Computing and Organizations", page 201. Current Developments in Technology-Assisted Education, 2006

[Hirose2001-2] Michitaka Hirose (2001). Human-computer Interaction: INTERACT '01 : IFIP TC.13 International Conference on Human-Comupter Interaction, 9th-13th July 2001, Tokyo, Japan. IOS Press. pp. 337–. ISBN 978-1-58603-188-6.

[AghajanAugusto2009-3] Hamid Aghajan; Juan Carlos Augusto; Ramon Lopez-Cozar Delgado (25 September 2009). Human-Centric Interfaces for Ambient Intelligence. Academic Press. pp. 15–. ISBN 978-0-08-087850-8.

[Rheingold2007-4] Howard Rheingold (21 March 2007). Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution. Basic Books. pp. 104–. ISBN 978-0-465-00439-3.

[Dourish2004-5] Paul Dourish (2004). Where the Action is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction. MIT Press. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-0-262-54178-7.

[RossonCarroll2001-6] Mary Beth Rosson; John M. Carroll (20 October 2001). Usability Engineering: Scenario-Based Development of Human-Computer Interaction. Elsevier. pp. 316–. ISBN 978-0-08-052030-8.

[RossonCarroll2002-7] Mary Beth Rosson; John Millar Carroll (2002). Usability Engineering: Scenario-based Development of Human-computer Interaction. Morgan Kaufmann. pp. 316–. ISBN 978-1-55860-712-5.

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