Quotation
- This article is about quoting. For information about the punctuation mark, see Quotation mark.
- For the wikipedia quotation template, please click here.
A quotation, also called a quote, is a fragment of a human expression, most often written or oral, which has been inserted into another human expression. This latter type of quotation is almost always taken from literature, though speech transcripts, film dialogues, and song lyrics are also common and valid sources.
Besides this, a quotation can also refer to the use of a piece of other artistic works — elements of a painting, scenes from a movie or sections from a musical composition — into another one.
The rest of this article will deal only with written or oral quotations.
The wisdom of the wise, and the experience of ages, may be preserved by quotation.
— Isaac D'Israeli, Curiosities of Literature: Quotation
The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose.
— William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice (Act I, 3:94)
Quotation classification
A typical, and perhaps ideal, quotation is usually short, concise and commonly only one sentence long. There are two broad categories which most quotations fall into, beauty and truth, although some quotations fit equally well into both these groups. 'Beautiful' quotations are words remembered for their aesthetically pleasing use of language, whereas many other quotations are remembered because they are thought to express some universal truth. These latter quotations are often called maxims or aphorisms and they are highly regarded for being pithy renderings of ideas that most people have but most have not been able to express so clearly. A third type of quotation may be any line which merely reminds the person who quotes it of a particularly memorable work, sometimes making a subtle comparison to the situation or topic at hand.
| Category | Example |
|---|---|
| Beautiful |
|
| Truth |
|
| Memorable |
|
| Inspirational |
|
Reasons for using quotations
Quotations are used for a variety of reasons: to enrich, illuminate the meaning or support the arguments of the work in which it is being quoted, to pay homage to the original work or author, to make the user of the quotation seem well-read and even to ridicule the original author.
Common quotation sources
Chiefly for reference and accuracy, famous quotations are frequently collected in books that are sometimes called quotation dictionaries or treasuries. On the other hand, diaries and calendars often include quotations for entertainment or inspirational purposes, and small, dedicated sections in newspapers and weekly magazines — with recent quotations by leading personalities on current topics — have also become commonplace.
Finally, as explained below, chiefly through the World Wide Web, the Internet has become the world's main quotation repository.
Misquotations
The art of quotation is fraught with difficulties. If the source of a quotation is not given it can lead readers to think that the author using the quotation originated the thought or that he is being dishonest. Some people are thought to have said certain things, but there is no evidence of these words in any of their surviving writings: when this is the case, the words have merely to be attributed to them. Many quotations are routinely incorrect or attributed to the wrong authors, and quotations from obscure writers are often attributed to far more famous writers by lax quoters. Good examples of this are Winston Churchill, to whom many political quotations of uncertain origin are attributed, and Oscar Wilde, who has said far more witty things than he possibly could.
Deliberate misquotation is very common either because the misquotation is better known than the original or simply because the misquotation fits the situation better. Possibly worse than misquotation is deliberate misinterpretation, where an author's words are taken out of context and are used to support a position or idea that the author would never have agreed with and was not the author's intention. This can be especially problematic with playwrights and authors of fiction who do not necessarily agree with the sentiments of their characters.
Quotations and the Internet
Chiefly a text medium in the beginning, the World Wide Web gave rise to any number of personal quotation collections that continue to flourish, even though very few of them seem to facilitate accurate information or correct citation. In June 27, 2003, a sister project of the Wikimedia Foundation called Wikiquote was created as a free online encyclopedia of quotations in every language and it is now the biggest single quotation collection in the world.
The increase of written means of informal communication brought about by the Internet has produced the practice of using quotations as personal flags, as in one's own signature block. This is most commonly seen in email messages and Usenet posts, while is almost never seen in blog posts. Quotations are also popular as a user's personal message, a line under the user's nickname in some Instant Messaging clients (and here they often go uncited). In all these cases, quotations are usually included to give a glimpse of the user's personality, to make a statement of their beliefs, or just to spread their memes around.
The sheer bulk of online quotations, combined with more efficient search engines, has effectively made the Internet the world's quotation storehouse, encompassing an unprecedented number of easily obtainable quotations. Though matters of accuracy still remain, features such as Amazon.com's Search Inside the Book and Google Print may serve to alleviate such concerns.
See also
- Citation
- Contextomy
- Proverb
- Aphorism
- Stock phrase
- Cliché
- Adage
- Maxim
- Epigram
- Misquotation
- Spin (public relations)
- List of book titles taken from literature
- List of musical pieces which use quotation
External links
Quotation Collections
- noblesayings.com: A Collection of Noble Sayings by Noble People
- Wikiquote: Wikipedia's sister project for quotations; besides its sheer size, it stands out for being wiki-editable.
- ThinkExist.com Quotations: With over 190,000 quotes , it includes a better than average search engine and the ability to submit quotes
- Quote 4 The Day: Daily quotes, a top-rated homepage.
- GIGA Quotes: A broad collection of 75,000+ ancient and modern quotations
- Quote DB: Over 15,000 quotations in this database; includes the ability to submit quotes.
- Quotations Book : A recently launched quotations database with over 100,000 items and the only set of RSS feeds available on a free license.
- quoteworld.org: General quotation site with over 4,000 quotations; organized by tags and with a section dedicated to track the direct online sources of the quotes.
- Generation Terrorists: A long-standing site with quotes taken from literature, film and news magazines, as well as a collection of thoughtful articles.
- LitQuotes: LitQuotes features quotes from literature.
- Soccer Quotes A database of famous soccer related quotations, sorted by author, users being able to vote on each quote.
- Finestquotes:A growing collection of inspirational quotations.It has a page which visitors can give their own philosophy a display.
- Noyemi: Collection of famous quotations and wallpapers for each quote in the database.
- Quotations Page: The oldest quotations site on the Internet.
- Wisdom Engine: Inspirational quotes from commencement speeches.
- Quotiki: Quickly search, tag, and rate famous quotations.
- Emotiquotes: Large collection of funny quotes and famous sayings.
Misquotations
- Beam me up, Scotty, by David McKie Guardian article discussing mis-quotations.