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Contre-jour

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French for 'against the light', this refers to photographs taken when the camera is pointing towards the light source.
This obviously has the effect making your subject backlit; this will usually hide details, cause a stronger contrast between light and dark, and emphasize line and shape. The sun, or other light source, is often seen as either a bright spot or as a strong glare behind the subject, but this is not necessary. Fill light may be used to illuminate the side of the subject towards the camera. 
Because of the glare (or flare), you will often want to use a lens hood.