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The Offerings of Peace and The Offerings of War

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The Offerings of Peace and The Offerings of War are a pair of bronze allegorical equestrian statues by Gilbert Bayes commissioned for the entrance of the Art Gallery of New South Wales. They have been on permanent display since their installation in 1926.

Offerings of Peace Q24641121 on Wikidata
Accession no.3254[1]
Inscription: The Real and Lasting Victories Are those of Peace and Not of War.[2]
33°52′07″S 151°13′00″E / 33.868733°S 151.216766°E / -33.868733; 151.216766 (left side of facade)
Offerings of War Q24641140 on Wikidata
Accession no.3254[3]
Inscription: That our House may stand forever and that Justice and Mercy grow.[2]
33°52′06″S 151°13′02″E / 33.868400°S 151.217137°E / -33.868400; 151.217137 (right side of facade)

Description

Peace (on the left of the Gallery entrance) and War (on the right) each show a male rider astride a horse. The models for the works are the Elgin Marbles and the riders carry symbolic items as their "offerings". Peace carries the Greek theatre masks of Tragedy and Comedy representing "the arts" and "plenty", while War holds a staff, a bundle of swords and broken spear shafts.[2] Artistically, they "make no concession to the twentieth century" and are "...completely at one with the neo-classical Victorian facade [of the gallery], which is in itself allegorical."[4]

Commission

The AGNSW at night, showing the two sculptures in silhouette flanking the entrance portico (2013)

In 1903 Bayes was commissioned to design a bronze relief panel for the façade of the New South Wales Art Gallery. "Subjects typical of Assyrian or Egyptian art were required."[5] His design depicting Assur-Natsir-Pal, King of Assyria, was produced in 1906[6] and in 1907 became the first panel to be installed on the façade.[5]

In 1915, after the outbreak of World War I, Bayes submitted to the National Art Gallery of New South Walesa "a pair of 18 inch bronzed plaster figures entitled Offerings of Peace and Offerings of War and the following year he received the commission to produce large bronze versions to flank the museum's main entrance.[5]b

Work on War and Peace was interrupted by the war itself,[7][8] from which Bayes was exempted because of this commission.[9][5] Full size plaster statues were finally completed in 1919,[9] cast in England in 1923, shipped separately to Sydney in 1924 (first War in February,[10] then Peace in June[11]) and erected in 1926. The statues were, according to their inscription,[12] cast at the Thames Ditton foundry by A. B. Burton, considered by contemporaries to be "the finest bronze caster in the world".[13] These would be the first of several Sydney commissions for Burton.c

Standing 14 feet high and weighing six tons, the works were originally commissioned for ₤1500 each; the eventual cost rose to ₤2300 each.[10]

Installation

The facade of the National Art Gallery (1900s) showing the empty plinths, set at 45 degrees, on the corners of the portico

The expectation at the time of commissioning the sculptures was that they would be situated at an angle on either side of the portico at the top of the entrance steps. Purpose-built plinths had been included in the construction of the facade for the statues' eventual installation. However, once the statues had been delivered, the gallery trustees decided instead to install the works on free-standing plinths halfway down either side the length of the facade. In May 1926 a separate tender was called for the plinth construction and the installation of the sculptures,[10] with the eventual installation taking place in October.[14][15]

There has been a certain amount of criticism in artistic circles of the position in which these statues are being placed. They were designed originally to be set on either side of the main steps, flanking the columns of the portico. The trustees, however, on further consideration of this plan, decided that its advantages would be offset by difficulties, for if the statues were placed thus they would dwarf the portico itself, and the massive simplicity of the entrance-way has always given the trustees matter for pride. Accordingly, they are placing the pieces halfway between the central portico and the semi-circular groups of pillars at either end of the facade.

There is no doubt that the new arrangement, in preserving the massiveness of the building design, has sacrificed some of the vigour of the sculpture. Alongside the steps the figures would have been set at an angle of forty-five degrees, so that people going in could obtain a side view of both of them as if they were leaping out from each corner.

— The Sydney Morning Herald, 15 October 1926[14]

Conservation

By 1993 the sculptures needed conservation treatment as a result of damage from air and sea pollution – sulphur dioxide from car exhausts and chlorides from the sea. Funds were allocated from the Department of Public Works to address the problems. The Art Gallery's Conservator wrote that "Until we can solve our social problems, conservators will continue to search for better corrosion inhibitors, more durable waterproof coatings and innovative ways to prevent vandalism".[16]

War and peace and in between

The Offerings of War, appearing inside a bedroom build around it by Nishi.

War and Peace and in between Q25804056 on Wikidata was a site-specific installation artwork by Tatzu Nishi in which the sculptures were incorporated into domestic scenes.[17] The work was commissioned by Kaldor Public Art Projects and was on display from October 2009 to February 2010. The work coincided with a retrospective being held at the gallery at the time, in recognition of 40 years of Kaldor projects – the first having been also in Sydney – Christo's Wrapped Coast at Little Bay in 1969.[18]

From the outside, War and peace and in between, 2009, wrapped in plastic sheeting and temporary building materials, resembled the scaffolding that encased the sculptures during restoration; but inside, a different revitalisation had occurred. The public entered via ramps and, after passing through a lobby, found themselves in a beautifully decorated living room in the case of The offerings of peace and a bedroom for The offerings of war. The elevated rooms allowed visitors to see the sculptures at close hand, resituated in familiar environments. The giant horse and rider appeared as if wading through the bedsheets or emerging triumphant from the coffee table. Created to be viewed from a distance, from plinths that raise them above our heads, these monuments could now be encountered face to face.

— Kaldor Public Art Projects[19]

See also

Notes

  • ^a The Art Gallery of New South Wales changed its name to "The National Art Gallery of New South Wales" in 1883 and reverted to its original name in 1958.
  • ^b At least one contemporary source says that the commission was given in 1914 not 1916. If true this would mean that the models produced in 1915 were to seek approval for the design rather than as an initial proposal.[7]
  • ^c Other bronze statues cast by Burton on display in close proximity in Sydney include the figures of the Shakespeare Memorial (1926) opposite the State Library; Cardinal Moran (1928) and Archbishop Kelly (1933) at St Mary's Cathedral; and the soldier and sailor of the Sydney Cenotaph (1929) in Martin Place – all by Bertram Mackennal.[20] Other earlier works in Sydney cast at the same foundry but under previous ownership include James Cook (1878) by Thomas Woolner in Hyde Park and Queen Victoria (1888) in Queens Square by Joseph Edgar Boehm.[21]

References

  1. ^ "The offerings of peace". Collection. Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  2. ^ a b c Free, Renée (January 1972). "Late Victorian, Edwardian and French Sculptures". Art Gallery of NSW Quarterly: 651. ISSN 0004-3192.
  3. ^ "The offerings of war". Collection. Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  4. ^ Parry, Ben (2011). Cultural Hijack: Rethinking Intervention. Liverpool University Press. p. 174. ISBN 1846317517.
  5. ^ a b c d "Works". Gilbert Bayes. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  6. ^ "Assur Natsir Pal, King of Assyria". Collection. Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 2016-07-05.
  7. ^ a b "Equestrian statues". The Sydney Morning Herald. 19 May 1926. p. 14. Retrieved 6 July 2016 – via Trove.
  8. ^ "Equestrian groups to be erected in front of the Art Gallery". The Sydney Morning Herald. 19 May 1926. p. 16. Retrieved 8 July 2016 – via Trove.
  9. ^ a b Irvine, Louise; Atterbury, Paul (1998). Gilbert Bayes : sculptor, 1872-1953. Somerset, England: Yeovil. p. 127. ISBN 9780903685641.
  10. ^ a b c "Art Gallery. Equestrian statue. "Offerings Of War"". The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, Australia. 4 February 1924. p. 10. Retrieved 18 June 2016 – via Trove.
  11. ^ "Offerings of Peace". The Sun. Sydney. 10 June 1924. p. 15. Retrieved 6 July 2016 – via Trove.
  12. ^ "Gilbert Bayes". Design and Art Australia Online. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  13. ^ "Arthur Bryan Burton". The Elmbridge Hundred. Elmbridge Borough Council. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  14. ^ a b "National Gallery. Gilbert Bayes' Statues". The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 October 1926. p. 12. Retrieved 18 June 2016 – via Trove.
  15. ^ "Equestrian Statue". The Sydney Morning Herald. 27 October 1926. p. 18. Retrieved 8 July 2016 – via Trove.
  16. ^ Midwinter, Donna (1993). Public Art: Who Cares? Proceedings of the 1993 Seminar presented by the Sculpture, Monuments & Outdoor Cultural Materials special interest group of the Australian Institute for Conservation of Cultural Material. Sydney: Art Gallery of New South Wales. p. 62. ISBN 0731003497.
  17. ^ Bond, Anthony (September 2009). "Archive: More on Tatzu Nishi". Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  18. ^ McDonald, John. "40 Years: Kaldor Public Art Projects". johnmcdonald.net.au. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
  19. ^ "Project 19 – Tatzu Nishi". kaldorartprojects.org.au. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  20. ^ "British bronze sculpture founders and plaster figure makers, 1800-1980 - B". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  21. ^ "British bronze sculpture founders and plaster figure makers, 1800-1980 - T". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
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